Ligand binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor, a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily; The ligand binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR): GR is a ligand-activated transcription factor belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily. It binds with high affinity to cortisol and other glucocorticoids. GR is expressed in almost every cell in the body and regulates genes controlling a wide variety of processes including the development, metabolism, and immune response of the organism. In the absence of hormone, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is complexes with a variety of heat shock proteins in the cytosol. The binding of the glucocorticoids results in release of the heat shock proteins and transforms it to its active state. One mechanism of action of GR is by direct activation of gene transcription. The activated form of GR forms dimers, translocates into the nucleus, and binds to specific hormone responsive elements, activating gene transcription. GR can also function as a repressor of other gene transcription activators, such as NF-kappaB and AF-1 by directly binding to them, and bloc king the expression of their activated genes. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, GR has a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD). The LBD also functions for dimerization and chaperone protein association.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 324021677 434 TLVSLLEVIEPEVLYAGYDSSVPDSTWRIMTTLNMLGGRQVIAAVKWAKAIPGFRNLHLDDQMTLLQYSWMFLMAFALGW 513
Cdd:cd07076    1 TLVSLLEVIEPEVLYSGYDSSVPDSTWRIMSTLNMLGGRQVVAAVKWAKAIPGFRNLHLDDQMTLLQYSWMFLMAFALGW 80

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 324021677 514 RSYRQSSANLLCFAPDLIINEQRMTLPCMYDQCKHMLYVSSELHRLQVSYEEYLCMKTLLLLSSVPKDGLKSQELFDEIR 593
Cdd:cd07076   81 RSYRQSNGNLLCFAPDLIINEQRMTLPCMYDQCKHMLYVSSELHRLQVSYEEYLCMKTLLLLSTVPKDGLKSQELFDEIR 160

                        170       180       190       200       210       220       230       240
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 324021677 594 MTYIKELGKAIVKREGNSSQNWQRFYQLTKLLDSMHEVVENLLNYCFQTFLDKTMSIEFPEMLAEIITNQIPKYSNGNIK 673
Cdd:cd07076  161 MTYIKELGKAIVKREGNSSQNWQRFYQLTKLLDSMHEVVENLLNFCFQTFLDKTMSIEFPEMLAEIITNQIPKYSNGNIK 240

                 ....*..
gi 324021677 674 KLLFHQK 680
Cdd:cd07076  241 KLLFHQK 247

Ligand binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor, a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily; The ligand binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR): GR is a ligand-activated transcription factor belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily. It binds with high affinity to cortisol and other glucocorticoids. GR is expressed in almost every cell in the body and regulates genes controlling a wide variety of processes including the development, metabolism, and immune response of the organism. In the absence of hormone, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is complexes with a variety of heat shock proteins in the cytosol. The binding of the glucocorticoids results in release of the heat shock proteins and transforms it to its active state. One mechanism of action of GR is by direct activation of gene transcription. The activated form of GR forms dimers, translocates into the nucleus, and binds to specific hormone responsive elements, activating gene transcription. GR can also function as a repressor of other gene transcription activators, such as NF-kappaB and AF-1 by directly binding to them, and bloc king the expression of their activated genes. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, GR has a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD). The LBD also functions for dimerization and chaperone protein association.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 324021677 434 TLVSLLEVIEPEVLYAGYDSSVPDSTWRIMTTLNMLGGRQVIAAVKWAKAIPGFRNLHLDDQMTLLQYSWMFLMAFALGW 513
Cdd:cd07076    1 TLVSLLEVIEPEVLYSGYDSSVPDSTWRIMSTLNMLGGRQVVAAVKWAKAIPGFRNLHLDDQMTLLQYSWMFLMAFALGW 80

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 324021677 514 RSYRQSSANLLCFAPDLIINEQRMTLPCMYDQCKHMLYVSSELHRLQVSYEEYLCMKTLLLLSSVPKDGLKSQELFDEIR 593
Cdd:cd07076   81 RSYRQSNGNLLCFAPDLIINEQRMTLPCMYDQCKHMLYVSSELHRLQVSYEEYLCMKTLLLLSTVPKDGLKSQELFDEIR 160

                        170       180       190       200       210       220       230       240
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 324021677 594 MTYIKELGKAIVKREGNSSQNWQRFYQLTKLLDSMHEVVENLLNYCFQTFLDKTMSIEFPEMLAEIITNQIPKYSNGNIK 673
Cdd:cd07076  161 MTYIKELGKAIVKREGNSSQNWQRFYQLTKLLDSMHEVVENLLNFCFQTFLDKTMSIEFPEMLAEIITNQIPKYSNGNIK 240

                 ....*..
gi 324021677 674 KLLFHQK 680
Cdd:cd07076  241 KLLFHQK 247

Zinc finger, C4 type (two domains); In nearly all cases, this is the DNA binding domain of a nuclear hormone receptor. The alignment contains two Zinc finger domains that are too dissimilar to be aligned with each other.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 324021677  323 LCLVCSDEASGCHYGVLTCGSCKVFFKRAVEGQHNYLCAGRNDCIIDKIRRKNCPACRYRKCLQAGMN 390
Cdd:pfam00105   1 LCKVCGDKASGYHYGVLTCEGCKGFFRRSIQKNIVYTCKFNKDCVIDKRNRNRCQYCRLKKCLEVGMS 68

Ligand binding domain of hormone receptors;

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 324021677   472 RQVIAAVKWAKAIPGFRNLHLDDQMTLLQYSWMFLMAFALGWRSYRQSsaNLLCFAPDLIINEQRMTLPC----MYDQCK 547
Cdd:smart00430   3 RQLLLTVEWAKSFPGFRELSLEDQIVLLKSFWFELLLLELAYRSVKLK--KELLLAPDGTYIRPDAVLELrklfSPFLDR 80

                           90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 324021677   548 HMLYVSSELHRLQVSYEEYLCMKTLLLLSS-VPKDGLKSQELFDEIRMTYIKELGKAIVKRegNSSQNWQRFYQLTKLLD 626
Cdd:smart00430  81 ILSELVKPLRELKLDDEEYALLKAIVLFNPaVPGLSEEGKEIVEKLQEKYANALHDYYLKN--YPMNYPGRFAKLLLILP 158

                   ....*
gi 324021677   627 SMHEV 631
Cdd:smart00430 159 ELRKI 163

Ligand binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor, a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily; The ligand binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR): GR is a ligand-activated transcription factor belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily. It binds with high affinity to cortisol and other glucocorticoids. GR is expressed in almost every cell in the body and regulates genes controlling a wide variety of processes including the development, metabolism, and immune response of the organism. In the absence of hormone, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is complexes with a variety of heat shock proteins in the cytosol. The binding of the glucocorticoids results in release of the heat shock proteins and transforms it to its active state. One mechanism of action of GR is by direct activation of gene transcription. The activated form of GR forms dimers, translocates into the nucleus, and binds to specific hormone responsive elements, activating gene transcription. GR can also function as a repressor of other gene transcription activators, such as NF-kappaB and AF-1 by directly binding to them, and bloc king the expression of their activated genes. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, GR has a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD). The LBD also functions for dimerization and chaperone protein association.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 324021677 434 TLVSLLEVIEPEVLYAGYDSSVPDSTWRIMTTLNMLGGRQVIAAVKWAKAIPGFRNLHLDDQMTLLQYSWMFLMAFALGW 513
Cdd:cd07076    1 TLVSLLEVIEPEVLYSGYDSSVPDSTWRIMSTLNMLGGRQVVAAVKWAKAIPGFRNLHLDDQMTLLQYSWMFLMAFALGW 80

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 324021677 514 RSYRQSSANLLCFAPDLIINEQRMTLPCMYDQCKHMLYVSSELHRLQVSYEEYLCMKTLLLLSSVPKDGLKSQELFDEIR 593
Cdd:cd07076   81 RSYRQSNGNLLCFAPDLIINEQRMTLPCMYDQCKHMLYVSSELHRLQVSYEEYLCMKTLLLLSTVPKDGLKSQELFDEIR 160

                        170       180       190       200       210       220       230       240
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 324021677 594 MTYIKELGKAIVKREGNSSQNWQRFYQLTKLLDSMHEVVENLLNYCFQTFLDKTMSIEFPEMLAEIITNQIPKYSNGNIK 673
Cdd:cd07076  161 MTYIKELGKAIVKREGNSSQNWQRFYQLTKLLDSMHEVVENLLNFCFQTFLDKTMSIEFPEMLAEIITNQIPKYSNGNIK 240

                 ....*..
gi 324021677 674 KLLFHQK 680
Cdd:cd07076  241 KLLFHQK 247

Ligand binding domain of the mineralocorticoid receptor, a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily; The ligand binding domain of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR): MR, also called aldosterone receptor, is a member of nuclear receptor superfamily involved in the regulation of electrolyte and fluid balance. The receptor is activated by mineralocorticoids such as aldosterone and deoxycorticosterone as well as glucocorticoids, like cortisol and cortisone. Binding of its ligand results in its translocation to the cell nucleus, homodimerization and binding to hormone response elements (HREs) present in the promoter of MR controlled genes. This results in the recruitment of the coactivators and the transcription of the activated genes. MR is expressed in many tissues and its activation results in the expression of proteins regulating electrolyte and fluid balance. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, MR has a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD ). The LBD, in addition to binding ligand, contains a ligand-dependent activation function-2 (AF-2).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 324021677 434 TLVSLLEVIEPEVLYAGYDSSVPDSTWRIMTTLNMLGGRQVIAAVKWAKAIPGFRNLHLDDQMTLLQYSWMFLMAFALGW 513
Cdd:cd07075    1 SPVMVLENIEPEIVYAGYDSSKPDTAENLLSTLNRLAGKQMIQVVKWAKVLPGFRNLPLEDQITLIQYSWMCLSSFALSW 80

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 324021677 514 RSYRQSSANLLCFAPDLIINEQRMTLPCMYDQCKHMLYVSSELHRLQVSYEEYLCMKTLLLLSSVPKDGLKSQELFDEIR 593
Cdd:cd07075   81 RSYKHTNSQFLYFAPDLVFNEERMHQSAMYELCQGMHQISLQFVRLQLTFEEYTIMKVLLLLSTIPKDGLKSQAAFEEMR 160

                        170       180       190       200       210       220       230       240
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 324021677 594 MTYIKELGKAIVKREGNSSQNWQRFYQLTKLLDSMHEVVENLLNYCFQTFLD-KTMSIEFPEMLAEIITNQIPKYSNGNI 672
Cdd:cd07075  161 TNYIKELRKMVTKAPNNSGQSWQRFYQLTKLLDSMHDLVSDLLEFCFYTFREsQALKVEFPAMLVEIISDQLPKVESGNA 240

                 ....*...
gi 324021677 673 KKLLFHQK 680
Cdd:cd07075  241 KPLYFHRK 248

Ligand binding domain of the nuclear receptor androgen receptor, ligand activated transcription regulator; The ligand binding domain of the androgen receptor (AR): AR is a member of the nuclear receptor family. It is activated by binding either of the androgenic hormones, testosterone or dihydrotestosterone, which are responsible for male primary sexual characteristics and for secondary male characteristics, respectively. The primary mechanism of action of ARs is by direct regulation of gene transcription. The binding of an androgen results in a conformational change in the androgen receptor which causes its transport from the cytosol into the cell nucleus, and dimerization. The receptor dimer binds to a hormone response element of AR-regulated genes and modulates their expression. Another mode of action is independent of their interactions with DNA. The receptors interact directly with signal transduction proteins in the cytoplasm, causing rapid changes in cell function, such as ion transport. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, AR has a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD). The LBD is not only involved in binding to androgen, but also involved in binding of coactivator proteins and dimerization. A ligand dependent nuclear export signal is also present at the ligand binding domain.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 324021677 435 LVSLLEVIEPEVLYAGYDSSVPDSTWRIMTTLNMLGGRQVIAAVKWAKAIPGFRNLHLDDQMTLLQYSWMFLMAFALGWR 514
Cdd:cd07073    2 FLNVLEAIEPGVVCAGHDNNQPDSFAALLSSLNELGERQLVHVVKWAKALPGFRNLHVDDQMAVIQYSWMGLMVFAMGWR 81

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 324021677 515 SYRQSSANLLCFAPDLIINEQRMTLPCMYDQCKHMLYVSSELHRLQVSYEEYLCMKTLLLLSSVPKDGLKSQELFDEIRM 594
Cdd:cd07073   82 SFTNVNSRMLYFAPDLVFNEYRMHKSRMYSQCVRMRHLSQEFGWLQITPQEFLCMKALLLFSIIPVDGLKNQKFFDELRM 161

                        170       180       190       200       210       220       230       240
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 324021677 595 TYIKELGKAIVKREGNSSQNWQRFYQLTKLLDSMHEVVENLLNYCFQTFLDKTM-SIEFPEMLAEIITNQIPKYSNGNIK 673
Cdd:cd07073  162 NYIKELDRIIACKRKNPTSCSRRFYQLTKLLDSVQPIARELHQFTFDLLIKSHMvSVDFPEMMAEIISVQVPKILSGKVK 241

                 ....*
gi 324021677 674 KLLFH 678
Cdd:cd07073  242 PIYFH 246

Ligand-binding domain of nuclear receptor family 2; Ligand-binding domain (LBD) of nuclear receptor (NR) family 2: This is one of the major subfamily of nuclear receptors, including some well known nuclear receptors such as glucocorticoid receptor (GR), mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and androgen receptor (AR), other related receptors. Nuclear receptors form a superfamily of ligand-activated transcription regulators, which regulate various physiological functions, from development, reproduction, to homeostasis and metabolism in animals (metazoans). The family contains not only receptors for known ligands but also orphan receptors for which ligands do not exist or have not been identified. NRs share a common structural organization with a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a non-conserved hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 324021677 463 MTTLNMLGGRQVIAAVKWAKAIPGFRNLHLDDQMTLLQYSWMFLMAFALGWRSYRQSSANLLCFAPDLIINEQRMTLPCM 542
Cdd:cd06930    1 PESLCELADRVLFKTVDWAKNLPAFRNLPLDDQLTLLQNSWAELLLLGLAQRSVHFELSELLLPSPLLVILTEREALLGL 80

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 324021677 543 YDQCKHMLYVSSELHRLQVSYEEYLCMKTLLLLSSVPKdGLKSQELFDEIRMTYIKELGKAIVKREgnsSQNWQRFYQLT 622
Cdd:cd06930   81 AELVQRLQELLSKLRSLQLDPKEYACLKAIVLFNPDLP-GLKNQQQVEELQEKAQQALQEYIRKRY---PQQPARFAKLL 156

                 ....*....
gi 324021677 623 KLLDSMHEV 631
Cdd:cd06930  157 LRLPELRSI 165

DNA-binding domain of androgen receptor (AR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of androgen receptor (AR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. To regulate gene expression, AR interacts with a palindrome of the core sequence 5'-TGTTCT-3' with a 3-bp spacer. It also binds to the direct repeat 5'-TGTTCT-3' hexamer in some androgen controlled genes. AR is activated by the androgenic hormones, testosterone or dihydrotestosterone, which are responsible for primary and for secondary male characteristics, respectively. The primary mechanism of action of ARs is by direct regulation of gene transcription. The binding of androgen results in a conformational change in the androgen receptor which causes its transport from the cytosol into the cell nucleus, and dimerization. The receptor dimer binds to a hormone response element of AR regulated genes and modulates their expression. Another mode of action of androgen receptor is independent of their interactions with DNA. The receptor interacts directly with signal transduction proteins in the cytoplasm, causing rapid changes in cell function, such as ion transport. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, AR has a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 324021677 319 PPPKLCLVCSDEASGCHYGVLTCGSCKVFFKRAVEGQHNYLCAGRNDCIIDKIRRKNCPACRYRKCLQAGMNLEARKTKK 398
Cdd:cd07173    1 PPQKTCLICGDEASGCHYGALTCGSCKVFFKRAAEGKQKYLCASRNDCTIDKFRRKNCPSCRLRKCFEAGMTLGARKLKK 80

DNA-binding domain of nuclear receptors is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of nuclear receptors is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. It interacts with a specific DNA site upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. Nuclear receptors form a superfamily of ligand-activated transcription regulators, which regulate various physiological functions, from development, reproduction, to homeostasis and metabolism in animals (metazoans). The family contains not only receptors for known ligands but also orphan receptors for which ligands do not exist or have not been identified. NRs share a common structural organization with a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD). Most nuclear receptors bind as homodimers or heterodimers to their target sites, which consist of two hexameric half-sites. Specificity is determined by the half-site sequence, the relative orientation of the half-sites and the number of spacer nucleotides between the half-sites. However, a growing number of nuclear receptors have been reported to bind to DNA as monomers.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 324021677 324 CLVCSDEASGCHYGVLTCGSCKVFFKRAVEGQHNYLCAGRNDCIIDKIRRKNCPACRYRKCLQAGMNLEARK 395
Cdd:cd06916    1 CAVCGDKASGYHYGVLTCEGCKGFFRRSVRRNLEYTCPAGGNCVIDKRNRNRCQACRLKKCLAVGMRKEAVR 72

The ligand binding domain of estrogen receptor and estrogen receptor-related receptors; The ligand binding domain of estrogen receptor (ER) and estrogen receptor-related receptors (ERRs): Estrogen receptors are a group of receptors which are activated by the hormone estrogen. Estrogen regulates many physiological processes including reproduction, bone integrity, cardiovascular health, and behavior. The main mechanism of action of the estrogen receptor is as a transcription factor by binding to the estrogen response element of target genes upon activation by estrogen and then recruiting coactivator proteins which are responsible for the transcription of target genes. Additionally some ERs may associate with other membrane proteins and can be rapidly activated by exposure of cells to estrogen. ERRs are closely related to the estrogen receptor (ER) family. But, it lacks the ability to bind estrogen. ERRs can interfere with the classic ER-mediated estrogen signaling pathway, positively or negatively. ERRs share target genes, co-regulators and promoters with the estrogen receptor (ER) family. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, ER and ERRs have a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a non-conserved hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 324021677 435 LVSLLEVIEPEVLYAGYDSSVPDSTWRIMTTLNMLGGRQVIAAVKWAKAIPGFRNLHLDDQMTLLQYSWMFLMAFALGWR 514
Cdd:cd07068    1 LLSALLVAEPDKLYAMNDPTGPDTEVSLLATLSDLADRELVHIISWAKHIPGFSDLSLNDQMHLLQSAWLEILMLGLVWR 80

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 324021677 515 SYRQSSAnlLCFAPDLIINEQRMTLPCMYDQCKHMLYVSSELHRLQVSYEEYLCMKTLLLLSS---VPKDGLKSQELFDE 591
Cdd:cd07068   81 SLPHPGK--LVFAPDLLLDREQARVEGLLEIFDMLLQLVRRFRELGLQREEYVCLKAIILANSdvrHLEDREAVQQLRDA 158

                        170       180       190
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 324021677 592 IRMTyikeLGKAIVKREGnsSQNWQRFYQLTKLL 625
Cdd:cd07068  159 ILDA----LVDVEAKRHG--SQQPRRLAQLLLLL 186

Ligand binding domain of hormone receptors;

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 324021677   472 RQVIAAVKWAKAIPGFRNLHLDDQMTLLQYSWMFLMAFALGWRSYRQSsaNLLCFAPDLIINEQRMTLPC----MYDQCK 547
Cdd:smart00430   3 RQLLLTVEWAKSFPGFRELSLEDQIVLLKSFWFELLLLELAYRSVKLK--KELLLAPDGTYIRPDAVLELrklfSPFLDR 80

                           90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 324021677   548 HMLYVSSELHRLQVSYEEYLCMKTLLLLSS-VPKDGLKSQELFDEIRMTYIKELGKAIVKRegNSSQNWQRFYQLTKLLD 626
Cdd:smart00430  81 ILSELVKPLRELKLDDEEYALLKAIVLFNPaVPGLSEEGKEIVEKLQEKYANALHDYYLKN--YPMNYPGRFAKLLLILP 158

                   ....*
gi 324021677   627 SMHEV 631
Cdd:smart00430 159 ELRKI 163

DNA-binding domain of heptocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF4) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF4) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. HNF4 interacts with a DNA site, composed of two direct repeats of AGTTCA with 1 bp spacer, which is upstream of target genes and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. HNF4 is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. HNF4 plays a key role in establishing and maintenance of hepatocyte differentiation in the liver. It is also expressed in gut, kidney, and pancreatic beta cells. HNF4 was originally classified as an orphan receptor, but later it is found that HNF4 binds with very high affinity to a variety of fatty acids. However, unlike other nuclear receptors, the ligands do not act as a molecular switch for HNF4. They seem to constantly bind to the receptor, which is constitutively active as a transcription activator. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, HNF4 has a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 324021677 324 CLVCSDEASGCHYGVLTCGSCKVFFKRAVEGQHNYLCAGRNDCIIDKIRRKNCPACRYRKCLQAGMNLEA 393
Cdd:cd06960    1 CAVCGDRATGKHYGVLSCNGCKGFFRRSVRKNRTYTCRFGGNCVVDKDKRNACRYCRFKKCLEVGMDPEA 70

The DNA-binding domain of Lrh-1 like nuclear receptor family like is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; The DNA-binding domain of Lrh-1 like nuclear receptor family like is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. This domain interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. This nuclear receptor family includes at least three subgroups of receptors that function in embryo development and differentiation, and other processes. FTZ-F1 interacts with the cis-acting DNA motif of ftz gene, which is required at several stages of development. Particularly, FTZ-F1 regulated genes are strongly linked to steroid biosynthesis and sex-determination; LRH-1 is a regulator of bile-acid homeostasis, steroidogenesis, reverse cholesterol transport and the initial stages of embryonic development; SF-1 is an essential regulator of endocrine development and function and is considered a master regulator of reproduction; SF-1 functions cooperatively with other transcription factors to modulate gene expression. Phospholipids have been identified as potential ligand for LRH-1 and steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1). However, the ligand for FTZ-F1 has not yet been identified. Most nuclear receptors function as homodimer or heterodimers. However, LRH-1 and SF-1 bind to DNA as monomers. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, receptors in this family have a central well conserved DNA-binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 324021677 324 CLVCSDEASGCHYGVLTCGSCKVFFKRAVEGQHNYLCAGRNDCIIDKIRRKNCPACRYRKCLQAGMNLEA 393
Cdd:cd07167    1 CPVCGDKVSGYHYGLLTCESCKGFFKRTVQNKKRYTCIENQNCQIDKTQRKRCPYCRFQKCLSVGMKLEA 70

Ligand binding domain of Estrogen receptor, which are activated by the hormone 17beta-estradiol (estrogen); The ligand binding domain (LBD) of Estrogen receptor (ER): Estrogen receptor, a member of nuclear receptor superfamily, is activated by the hormone estrogen. Estrogen regulates many physiological processes including reproduction, bone integrity, cardiovascular health, and behavior. The main mechanism of action of the estrogen receptor is as a transcription factor by binding to the estrogen response element of target genes upon activation by estrogen and then recruiting coactivator proteins which are responsible for the transcription of target genes. Additionally some ERs may associate with other membrane proteins and can be rapidly activated by exposure of cells to estrogen. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, ER has a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD). The C-terminal LBD also contains AF-2 activation motif, the dimerization motif, and part of the nuclear localization region. Estrogen receptor has been linked to aging, cancer, obesity and other diseases.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 324021677 435 LVSLLEVIEPEVLYAGYDSSVPDSTWRIMTTLNMLGGRQVIAAVKWAKAIPGFRNLHLDDQMTLLQYSWMFLMAFALGWR 514
Cdd:cd06949    6 LISALLEAEPPHIYSEYDPTRPFTEASLMMLLTNLADRELVHMINWAKKIPGFVDLSLHDQVHLLESAWLELLMLGLVWR 85

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 324021677 515 SYRQSSAnlLCFAPDLIINeqRMTLPC---MYDQCKHMLYVSSELHRLQVSYEEYLCMKTLLLLSSVPKDGL-------- 583
Cdd:cd06949   86 SMEHPGK--LLFAPDLLLD--RNQGSCvegMVEIFDMLLATASRFRELQLQREEYVCLKAIILLNSSVYTFLleslesrr 161

                        170       180       190       200
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 324021677 584 KSQELFDEIrmtyIKELGKAIVKREGNSSQNWQRFYQLTKLL 625
Cdd:cd06949  162 QVQRLLDKI----TDALVHACSKRGLSLQQQSRRLAQLLLIL 199

DNA-binding domain of thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. TR interacts with the thyroid response element, which is a DNA site with direct repeats of the consensus sequence 5'-AGGTCA-3' separated by one to five base pairs, upstream of target genes and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. Thyroid hormone receptor (TR) mediates the actions of thyroid hormones, which play critical roles in growth, development, and homeostasis in mammals. They regulate overall metabolic rate, cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and heart rate, and affect mood. TRs are expressed from two separate genes (alpha and beta) in human and each gene generates two isoforms of the receptor through differential promoter usage or splicing. TRalpha functions in the heart to regulate heart rate and rhythm and TRbeta is active in the liver and other tissues. The unliganded TRs function as transcription repressors, by binding to thyroid hormone response elements (TRE) predominantly as homodimers, or as heterodimers with retinoid X-receptors (RXR), and being associated with a complex of proteins containing corepressor proteins. Ligand binding promotes corepressor dissociation and binding of a coactivator to activate transcription. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, TR has a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 324021677 323 LCLVCSDEASGCHYGVLTCGSCKVFFKRAVEGQHNYLCAGRNDCIIDKIRRKNCPACRYRKCLQAGM------NLEARKT 396
Cdd:cd06961    1 PCVVCGDKATGYHYRCITCEGCKGFFRRTVQKKLSYSCKGEGKCEIDKVTRNQCQECRFKKCIAVGMakdlvlDDRKRGA 80

                 ....*
gi 324021677 397 KKKIK 401
Cdd:cd06961   81 KRKLI 85

DNA-binding domain of the orphan nuclear receptor, nerve growth factor-induced-B; DNA-binding domain (DBD) of the orphan nuclear receptor, nerve growth factor-induced-B (NGFI-B) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. NGFI-B interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. NGFI-B is a member of the nuclear-steroid receptor superfamily. NGFI-B is classified as an orphan receptor because no ligand has yet been identified. NGFI-B is an early immediate gene product of embryo development that is rapidly produced in response to a variety of cellular signals including nerve growth factor. It is involved in T-cell-mediated apoptosis, as well as neuronal differentiation and function. NGFI-B regulates transcription by binding to a specific DNA target upstream of its target genes and regulating the rate of transcriptional initiation. NGFI-B binds to the NGFI-B response element (NBRE) 5'-(A/T)AAAGGTCA as a monomer. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, NGFI-B has a central well-conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 324021677 322 KLCLVCSDEASGCHYGVLTCGSCKVFFKRAVEGQHNYLCAGRNDCIIDKIRRKNCPACRYRKCLQAGMNLEARKT 396
Cdd:cd06969    1 GLCAVCGDNAACQHYGVRTCEGCKGFFKRTVQKNAKYVCLANKNCPVDKRRRNRCQYCRFQKCLQVGMVKEVVRT 75

DNA-binding domain of the photoreceptor cell-specific nuclear receptor (PNR) like proteins is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of the photoreceptor cell-specific nuclear receptor (PNR) like proteins is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. PNR interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. PNR is a member of nuclear receptor superfamily of the ligand-activated transcription factors. PNR is expressed only in the outer layer of retinal photoreceptor cells. It may be involved in the signaling pathway regulating photoreceptor differentiation and/or maintenance. It most likely binds to DNA as a homodimer. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, PNR has a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 324021677 324 CLVCSDEASGCHYGVLTCGSCKVFFKRAVEGQHNYLCAGRNDCIIDKIRRKNCPACRYRKCLQAGMNLEA 393
Cdd:cd07164    1 CRVCGDRASGKHYGVPSCDGCRGFFKRSIRRNLAYVCKENGSCVVDVARRNQCQACRFKKCLQVNMNRDA 70

DNA-binding domain of retinoid X receptor (RXR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of retinoid X receptor (RXR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. RXR functions as a DNA binding partner by forming heterodimers with other nuclear receptors including CAR, FXR, LXR, PPAR, PXR, RAR, TR, and VDR. All RXR heterodimers preferentially bind response elements composed of direct repeats of two AGGTCA sites with a 1-5 bp spacer. RXRs can play different roles in these heterodimers. RXR acts either as a structural component of the heterodimer complex, required for DNA binding but not acting as a receptor, or as both a structural and a functional component of the heterodimer, allowing 9-cis RA to signal through the corresponding heterodimer. In addition, RXR can also form homodimers, functioning as a receptor for 9-cis RA, independently of other nuclear receptors. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, RXR has a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 324021677 323 LCLVCSDEASGCHYGVLTCGSCKVFFKRAVEGQHNYLCAGRNDCIIDKIRRKNCPACRYRKCLQAGMNLEA 393
Cdd:cd06956    2 ICAICGDRASGKHYGVYSCEGCKGFFKRTVRKDLTYTCRDNKDCLIDKRQRNRCQYCRYQKCLAMGMKREA 72

DNA-binding domain of the TR2 and TR4 (human testicular receptor 2 and 4) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of the TR2 and TR4 (human testicular receptor 2 and 4) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which coordinates a single zinc atom. TR2 and TR4 interact with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulate the rate of transcriptional initiation. TR4 and TR2 are orphan nuclear receptors; the physiological ligand is as yet unidentified. TR2 is abundantly expressed in the androgen-sensitive prostate. TR4 transcripts are expressed in many tissues, including central nervous system, adrenal gland, spleen, thyroid gland, and prostate. It has been shown that human TR2 binds to a wide spectrum of natural hormone response elements (HREs) with distinct affinities suggesting that TR2 may cross-talk with other gene expression regulation systems. The genes responding to TR2 or TR4 include genes that are regulated by retinoic acid receptor, vitamin D receptor, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor. TR4/2 binds to HREs as dimers. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, TR2-like receptors have a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 324021677 319 PPPKLCLVCSDEASGCHYGVLTCGSCKVFFKRAVEGQHNYLCAGRNDCIIDKIRRKNCPACRYRKCLQAGMNLEARKTKK 398
Cdd:cd06967    1 QPVELCVVCGDKASGRHYGAVSCEGCKGFFKRSIRKNLGYSCRGSKDCVINKHHRNRCQYCRLQKCLAMGMKSDSVQCER 80

                 .
gi 324021677 399 K 399
Cdd:cd06967   81 K 81

DNA-binding domain of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. RAR interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. RARs mediate the biological effect of retinoids, including both natural dietary vitamin A (retinol) metabolites and active synthetic analogs. Retinoids play key roles in a wide variety of essential biological processes, such as vertebrate embryonic morphogenesis and organogenesis, differentiation and apoptosis, and homeostasis. RAR function as a heterodimer with retinoic X receptor by binding to specific RAR response elements (RAREs), which are composed of two direct repeats of the consensus sequence 5'-AGGTCA-3' separated by one to five base pair and found in the promoter regions of retinoid target genes. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, retinoic acid receptors have a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a non-conserved hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 324021677 322 KLCLVCSDEASGCHYGVLTCGSCKVFFKRAVEGQHNYLCAGRNDCIIDKIRRKNCPACRYRKCLQAGMNLEA---RKTKK 398
Cdd:cd06964    5 KPCFVCQDKSSGYHYGVSACEGCKGFFRRSIQKNMVYTCHRDKNCIINKVTRNRCQYCRLQKCFEVGMSKESvrnDRNKK 84

                 .
gi 324021677 399 K 399
Cdd:cd06964   85 K 85

DNA-binding domain of Tailless (TLX) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of Tailless (TLX) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. TLX interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. TLX is an orphan receptor that is expressed by neural stem/progenitor cells in the adult brain of the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the dentate gyrus (DG). It plays a key role in neural development by promoting cell cycle progression and preventing apoptosis in the developing brain. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, TLX has a central well conserved DNA-binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 324021677 324 CLVCSDEASGCHYGVLTCGSCKVFFKRAVEGQHNYLCAGRN--DCIIDKIRRKNCPACRYRKCLQAGMNLEA 393
Cdd:cd07163    9 CKVCGDRSSGKHYGIYACDGCSGFFKRSIRRNRQYVCKSKGqgGCPVDKTHRNQCRACRLKKCFEVGMNKDA 80

The DNA-binding domain of vitamin D receptors (VDR) like nuclear receptor family is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; The DNA-binding domain of vitamin D receptors (VDR) like nuclear receptor family is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. This domain interacts with specific DNA site upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. This family includes three types of nuclear receptors: vitamin D receptors (VDR), constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and pregnane X receptor (PXR). VDR regulates calcium metabolism, cellular proliferation and differentiation. PXR and CAR function as sensors of toxic byproducts of cell metabolism and of exogenous chemicals, to facilitate their elimination. The DNA binding activity is regulated by their corresponding ligands. VDR is activated by Vitamin D; CAR and PXR respond to a diverse array of chemically distinct ligands, including many endogenous compounds and clinical drugs. Like other nuclear receptors, xenobiotic receptors have a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 324021677 324 CLVCSDEASGCHYGVLTCGSCKVFFKRAVEGQHNYLCAGRNDCIIDKIRRKNCPACRYRKCLQAGMNLE 392
Cdd:cd07156    1 CGVCGDRATGYHFNAMTCEGCKGFFRRSMKRKARFTCPFNGDCEITKDNRRHCQACRLKKCLDIGMKKE 69

DNA-binding domain of chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factors (COUP-TFs) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factors (COUP-TFs) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. COUP-TFs are orphan members of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily. They are expressed in many tissues and are involved in the regulation of several important biological processes, such as neurogenesis, organogenesis, cell fate determination, and metabolic homeostasis. COUP-TFs homodimerize or heterodimerize with retinoid X receptor (RXR) and a few other nuclear receptors and bind to a variety of response elements that are composed of imperfect AGGTCA direct or inverted repeats with various spacings. COUP-TFs are generally considered to be repressors of transcription for other nuclear hormone receptors such as retinoic acid receptor (RAR), thyroid hormone receptor (TR), vitamin D receptor (VDR), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR), and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF4). Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, COUP-TFs have a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 324021677 324 CLVCSDEASGCHYGVLTCGSCKVFFKRAVEGQHNYLCAGRNDCIIDKIRRKNCPACRYRKCLQAGMNLEA 393
Cdd:cd06958    1 CVVCGDKSSGKHYGQFTCEGCKSFFKRSVRRNLTYTCRGNRNCPIDQHHRNQCQYCRLKKCLKVGMRREA 70

DNA-binding domain of Drosophila ecdysone-induced protein 78 (E78) like is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of proteins similar to Drosophila ecdysone-induced protein 78 (E78) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which coordinates a single zinc atom. E78 interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. Drosophila ecdysone-induced protein 78 (E78) is a transcription factor belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily. E78 is a product of the ecdysone-inducible gene found in an early late puff locus at position 78C during the onset of Drosophila metamorphosis. An E78 orthologue from the Platyhelminth Schistosoma mansoni (SmE78) has also been identified. It is the first E78 orthologue known outside of the molting animals--the Ecdysozoa. The SmE78 may be involved in transduction of an ecdysone signal in S. mansoni, consistent with its function in Drosophila. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, E78-like receptors have a central well conserved DNA-binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a non-conserved hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 324021677 324 CLVCSDEASGCHYGVLTCGSCKVFFKRAVEGQHNYLCAGRNDCIIDKIRRKNCPACRYRKCLQAGMNLEA 393
Cdd:cd07165    1 CKVCGDKASGYHYGVTSCEGCKGFFRRSIQKQIEYRCLRDGKCEIIRLNRNRCQYCRFKKCLAAGMSKDS 70

DNA-binding domain of Ecdysone receptor (ECR) family is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of Ecdysone receptor (EcR) family is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. EcR interacts with highly degenerate pseudo-palindromic response elements, resembling inverted repeats of 5'-AGGTCA-3' separated by 1 bp, upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. EcR is present only in invertebrates and regulates the expression of a large number of genes during development and reproduction. EcR functions as a heterodimer by partnering with ultraspiracle protein (USP), the ortholog of the vertebrate retinoid X receptor (RXR). The natural ligands of EcR are ecdysteroids, the endogenous steroidal hormones found in invertebrates. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, EcRs have a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a non-conserved hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 324021677 322 KLCLVCSDEASGCHYGVLTCGSCKVFFKRAVEGQHNYLCAGRNDCIIDKIRRKNCPACRYRKCLQAGMNLE 392
Cdd:cd07161    2 ELCLVCGDRASGYHYNALTCEGCKGFFRRSVTKSAVYHCKYGRACEMDMYMRRKCQECRLKKCLSVGMRPE 72