Diacylglycerol kinase accessory domain (presumed); Diacylglycerol (DAG) is a second messenger that acts as a protein kinase C activator. DAG can be produced from the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) by a phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C and by the degradation of phosphatidylcholine (PC) by a phospholipase C or the concerted actions of phospholipase D and phosphatidate phosphohydrolase. This domain might either be an accessory domain or else contribute to the catalytic domain. Bacterial homologues are known.

                            10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 386765288   1413 VMNNYFGIGIDAKISLDFHNKREEHPEKCRSRARNYMWYGVLGSKQLLQKTCKNLEQRVQLECDGQRIPLPE-LQGIVIL 1491
Cdd:smart00045    1 VMNNYFSIGVDAHIALEFHNKREANPEKFNSRLKNKMWYFELGTKDLFFRTCKDLHERIELECDGVDVDLPNsLEGIAVL 80

                            90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 386765288   1492 NIPSFMGGTNFWG-SSKKDDIFLPPSFDDRVLEVVAVFGSVQMAASRLINLQHHRIAQCQSVQINILGDEEIPIQVDGEA 1570
Cdd:smart00045   81 NIPSYGGGTNLWGtTDKEDLNFSKQSHDDGLLEVVGLTGAMHMAQIRQVGLAGRRIAQCSEVRITIKTSKTIPMQVDGEP 160

Diacylglycerol kinase catalytic domain (presumed); Diacylglycerol (DAG) is a second messenger that acts as a protein kinase C activator. DAG can be produced from the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) by a phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C and by the degradation of phosphatidylcholine (PC) by a phospholipase C or the concerted actions of phospholipase D and phosphatidate phosphohydrolase. This domain is presumed to be the catalytic domain. Bacterial homologues areknown.

                            10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 386765288    355 LVFVNSKSGDNQGVKFLRRFKQLLNPAQVFDLISTGPSLGLRLFRHFEMF-RILVCSGDGSVGWVLSEIDRFNMHKQC-Q 432
Cdd:smart00046    1 LVFVNPKSGGGKGEKLLRKFRLLLNPRQVFDLTKKGPAVALVIFRDVPDFnRVLVCGGDGTVGWVLNALDKRELPLPEpP 80

                            90       100       110       120
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 386765288    433 VAVMPLGTGNDLARVLGWGSSCDDDThLPQILERYESASTKMLDR 477
Cdd:smart00046   81 VAVLPLGTGNDLARSLGWGGGYDGEK-LLKTLRDALESDTVKLDR 124

SAM domain of diacylglycerol kinase delta and eta subunits; SAM (sterile alpha motif) domain of DGK-eta-delta subfamily proteins is a protein-protein interaction domain. Proteins of this subfamily are multidomain diacylglycerol kinases with a SAM domain located at the C-terminus. DGK proteins participate in signal transduction. They regulate the level of second messengers such as diacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid. The SAM domain of DGK proteins can form high molecular weight homooligomers through head-to-tail interactions as well as heterooligomers between the SAM domains of DGK delta and eta proteins. The oligomerization plays a role in the regulation of DGK intracellular localization.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 386765288 1804 AANNWSVNEVVTWLETMQLSEYVDSFLKNDIRGKELLTLGRRDLKDLGVVKVGHVKRILQAIKDL 1868
Cdd:cd09507     1 PVTNWTTEEVGAWLESLQLGEYRDIFARNDIRGSELLHLERRDLKDLGITKVGHVKRILQAIKDL 65

Diacylglycerol kinase accessory domain (presumed); Diacylglycerol (DAG) is a second messenger that acts as a protein kinase C activator. DAG can be produced from the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) by a phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C and by the degradation of phosphatidylcholine (PC) by a phospholipase C or the concerted actions of phospholipase D and phosphatidate phosphohydrolase. This domain might either be an accessory domain or else contribute to the catalytic domain. Bacterial homologues are known.

                            10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 386765288   1413 VMNNYFGIGIDAKISLDFHNKREEHPEKCRSRARNYMWYGVLGSKQLLQKTCKNLEQRVQLECDGQRIPLPE-LQGIVIL 1491
Cdd:smart00045    1 VMNNYFSIGVDAHIALEFHNKREANPEKFNSRLKNKMWYFELGTKDLFFRTCKDLHERIELECDGVDVDLPNsLEGIAVL 80

                            90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 386765288   1492 NIPSFMGGTNFWG-SSKKDDIFLPPSFDDRVLEVVAVFGSVQMAASRLINLQHHRIAQCQSVQINILGDEEIPIQVDGEA 1570
Cdd:smart00045   81 NIPSYGGGTNLWGtTDKEDLNFSKQSHDDGLLEVVGLTGAMHMAQIRQVGLAGRRIAQCSEVRITIKTSKTIPMQVDGEP 160

Type 2 Diacylglycerol kinase Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain; DGK (also called DAGK) catalyzes the conversion of diacylglycerol (DAG) to phosphatidic acid (PA) utilizing ATP as a source of the phosphate. In non-stimulated cells, DGK activity is low and DAG is used for glycerophospholipid biosynthesis. Upon receptor activation of the phosphoinositide pathway, DGK activity increases which drives the conversion of DAG to PA. DGK acts as a switch by terminating the signalling of one lipid while simultaneously activating signalling by another. There are 9 mammalian DGK isoforms all with conserved catalytic domains and two cysteine rich domains. These are further classified into 5 groups according to the presence of additional functional domains and substrate specificity: Type 1 - DGK-alpha, DGK-beta, DGK-gamma - contain EF-hand motifs and a recoverin homology domain; Type 2 - DGK-delta, DGK-eta, and DGK-kappa- contain a pleckstrin homology domain, two cysteine-rich zinc finger-like structures, and a separated catalytic region; Type 3 - DGK-epsilon - has specificity for arachidonate-containing DAG; Type 4 - DGK-zeta, DGK-iota- contain a MARCKS homology domain, ankyrin repeats, a C-terminal nuclear localization signal, and a PDZ-binding motif; Type 5 - DGK-theta - contains a third cysteine-rich domain, a pleckstrin homology domain and a proline rich region. The type 2 DGKs are present as part of this Metazoan DGK hierarchy. They have a N-terminal PH domain, two cysteine rich domains, followed by bipartite catalytic domains, and a C-terminal SAM domain. Their catalytic domains and perhaps other DGK catalytic domains may function as two independent units in a coordinated fashion. They may also require other motifs for maximal activity because several DGK catalytic domains have very little DAG kinase activity when expressed as isolated subunits. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 386765288   84 IKEGFLLKHTWSFQRWRRRYFRLKRNMLFYAKDEKCDVFDDIDLSDLCYFECGIKNVNHSFQIITPTRSLVLCAESRREM 163
Cdd:cd13274     1 IKEGPLLKQTSSFQRWKRRYFKLKGRKLYYAKDSKSLIFEEIDLSDASVAECSTKNVNNSFTVITPFRKLILCAESRKEM 80

                          90
                  ....*....|....*..
gi 386765288  164 EDWLGSLKTATAPQRPR 180
Cdd:cd13274    81 EEWISALKTVQQREFYE 97

first protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in type II diacylglycerol kinases; Diacylglycerol (DAG) kinase (EC 2.7.1.107) is a lipid kinase that phosphorylates diacylglycerol to form phosphatidic acid. Type II DAG kinases (DGKs) contain pleckstrin homology (PH) and sterile alpha motifs (SAM) domains, in addition to C1 and catalytic domains that are present in all DGKs. The SAM domain mediates oligomerization of type II DGKs. Three DGK isozymes (delta, eta and kappa) are classified as type II. DAG kinase delta, also called 130 kDa DAG kinase, or diglyceride kinase delta (DGK-delta), is a residential lipid kinase in the endoplasmic reticulum. It promotes lipogenesis and is involved in triglyceride biosynthesis. DAG kinase eta, also called diglyceride kinase eta (DGK-eta), plays a key role in promoting cell growth. The DAG kinase eta gene, DGKH, is a replicated risk gene of bipolar disorder (BPD). DAG kinase kappa is also called diglyceride kinase kappa (DGK-kappa) or 142 kDa DAG kinase. Members of this family contain two copies of the C1 domain. This model corresponds to the first one. The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains; it contains two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 386765288  192 LSNHHHWYATSHARPTYCNVCRDALSGVTSHGLSCEVCKCKVHKRCAAKSIANCKWTTLA 251
Cdd:cd20800     1 LSGSHNWYACSHARPTYCNVCREALSGVTSHGLSCEVCKFKAHKRCAVKAPNNCKWTTLA 60

second protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in type II diacylglycerol kinases; Diacylglycerol (DAG) kinase (EC 2.7.1.107) is a lipid kinase that phosphorylates diacylglycerol to form phosphatidic acid. Type II DAG kinases (DGKs) contain pleckstrin homology (PH) and sterile alpha motifs (SAM) domains, in addition to C1 and catalytic domains that are present in all DGKs. The SAM domain mediates oligomerization of type II DGKs. Three DGK isozymes (delta, eta and kappa) are classified as type II. DAG kinase delta, also called 130 kDa DAG kinase, or diglyceride kinase delta (DGK-delta), is a residential lipid kinase in the endoplasmic reticulum. It promotes lipogenesis and is involved in triglyceride biosynthesis. DAG kinase eta, also called diglyceride kinase eta (DGK-eta), plays a key role in promoting cell growth. The DAG kinase eta gene, DGKH, is a replicated risk gene of bipolar disorder (BPD). DAG kinase kappa is also called diglyceride kinase kappa (DGK-kappa) or 142 kDa DAG kinase. Members of this family contain two copies of the C1 domain. This model corresponds to the second one. The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains; it contains two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 386765288  268 HQWMEGNLPVSSMCAVCKKTCGSVLRLQDWRCLWCRATVHVACRPQMAVACPIG 321
Cdd:cd20852     1 HQWLEGNLPVSSKCAVCDKTCGSVLRLQDWRCLWCGATVHTACKDSLPTKCSLG 54

Sterile alpha motif; Widespread domain in signalling and nuclear proteins. In EPH-related tyrosine kinases, appears to mediate cell-cell initiated signal transduction via the binding of SH2-containing proteins to a conserved tyrosine that is phosphorylated. In many cases mediates homodimerisation.

                            10        20        30        40        50        60
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 386765288   1807 NWSVNEVVTWLETMQLSEYVDSFLKNDIRGKELLTLGRR-DLKDLGVVKVGHVKRILQAIKDLSE 1870
Cdd:smart00454    3 QWSPESVADWLESIGLEQYADNFRKNGIDGALLLLLTSEeDLKELGITKLGHRKKILKAIQKLKE 67

SAM domain (Sterile alpha motif); It has been suggested that SAM is an evolutionarily conserved protein binding domain that is involved in the regulation of numerous developmental processes in diverse eukaryotes. The SAM domain can potentially function as a protein interaction module through its ability to homo- and heterooligomerise with other SAM domains.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 386765288  1807 NWSVNEVVTWLETMQLSEYVDSFLKNDIRGKELLTLGRRDLKDLGVVKVGHVKRILQAIKDL 1868
Cdd:pfam00536    2 GWSVEDVGEWLESIGLGQYIDSFRAGYIDGDALLQLTEDDLLKLGVTLLGHRKKILYAIQRL 63

PH domain; PH stands for pleckstrin homology.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 386765288    83 IIKEGFLLK-HTWSFQRWRRRYFRLKRNMLFYAKDEKCDVFDD----IDLSDLC---YFECGIKNVNHSFQIIT----PT 150
Cdd:pfam00169    1 VVKEGWLLKkGGGKKKSWKKRYFVLFDGSLLYYKDDKSGKSKEpkgsISLSGCEvveVVASDSPKRKFCFELRTgertGK 80

                           90       100
                   ....*....|....*....|....*
gi 386765288   151 RSLVLCAESRREMEDWLGSLKTATA 175
Cdd:pfam00169   81 RTYLLQAESEEERKDWIKAIQSAIR 105

Protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1) domains (Cysteine-rich domains); Some bind phorbol esters and diacylglycerol. Some bind RasGTP. Zinc-binding domains.

                            10        20        30        40        50
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 386765288    268 HQWMEGNLPVSSMCAVCKKTCGSVlRLQDWRCLWCRATVHVACRPQMAVAC 318
Cdd:smart00109    1 HKHVFRTFTKPTFCCVCRKSIWGS-FKQGLRCSECKVKCHKKCADKVPKAC 50

Phosphatidylglycerol kinase, diacylglycerol kinase family [Lipid transport and metabolism, General function prediction only];

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 386765288  354 LLVFVNSKSGDNQGVKFLRRFKQLLNPAQV-FDLISTGPSLGLRLF------RHFEmfRILVCSGDGSVGWVLSEIdrfn 426
Cdd:COG1597     5 ALLIVNPASGRGRAARLLERLVAALRAAGLeVEVLETESPGDATELareaaaEGAD--LVVAAGGDGTVNEVANGL---- 78

                          90       100       110       120       130
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 386765288  427 MHKQCQVAVMPLGTGNDLARVLGWgsscddDTHLPQILERYESASTKMLD 476
Cdd:COG1597    79 AGTGPPLGILPLGTGNDFARALGI------PLDPEAALEALLTGRTRRID 122

hypothetical protein; Provisional

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 386765288  406 ILVCSGDGSVGWVLSEIdrfnMHKQCQVAVMPLGTGNDLARVL-GWGSSCDDdthLPQILERYESASTKMLD 476
Cdd:PRK12361  301 VIACGGDGTVTEVASEL----VNTDITLGIIPLGTANALSHALfGLGSKLIP---VEQACDNIIQGHTQRID 365

Diacylglycerol kinase accessory domain (presumed); Diacylglycerol (DAG) is a second messenger that acts as a protein kinase C activator. DAG can be produced from the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) by a phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C and by the degradation of phosphatidylcholine (PC) by a phospholipase C or the concerted actions of phospholipase D and phosphatidate phosphohydrolase. This domain might either be an accessory domain or else contribute to the catalytic domain. Bacterial homologues are known.

                            10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 386765288   1413 VMNNYFGIGIDAKISLDFHNKREEHPEKCRSRARNYMWYGVLGSKQLLQKTCKNLEQRVQLECDGQRIPLPE-LQGIVIL 1491
Cdd:smart00045    1 VMNNYFSIGVDAHIALEFHNKREANPEKFNSRLKNKMWYFELGTKDLFFRTCKDLHERIELECDGVDVDLPNsLEGIAVL 80

                            90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 386765288   1492 NIPSFMGGTNFWG-SSKKDDIFLPPSFDDRVLEVVAVFGSVQMAASRLINLQHHRIAQCQSVQINILGDEEIPIQVDGEA 1570
Cdd:smart00045   81 NIPSYGGGTNLWGtTDKEDLNFSKQSHDDGLLEVVGLTGAMHMAQIRQVGLAGRRIAQCSEVRITIKTSKTIPMQVDGEP 160

Type 2 Diacylglycerol kinase Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain; DGK (also called DAGK) catalyzes the conversion of diacylglycerol (DAG) to phosphatidic acid (PA) utilizing ATP as a source of the phosphate. In non-stimulated cells, DGK activity is low and DAG is used for glycerophospholipid biosynthesis. Upon receptor activation of the phosphoinositide pathway, DGK activity increases which drives the conversion of DAG to PA. DGK acts as a switch by terminating the signalling of one lipid while simultaneously activating signalling by another. There are 9 mammalian DGK isoforms all with conserved catalytic domains and two cysteine rich domains. These are further classified into 5 groups according to the presence of additional functional domains and substrate specificity: Type 1 - DGK-alpha, DGK-beta, DGK-gamma - contain EF-hand motifs and a recoverin homology domain; Type 2 - DGK-delta, DGK-eta, and DGK-kappa- contain a pleckstrin homology domain, two cysteine-rich zinc finger-like structures, and a separated catalytic region; Type 3 - DGK-epsilon - has specificity for arachidonate-containing DAG; Type 4 - DGK-zeta, DGK-iota- contain a MARCKS homology domain, ankyrin repeats, a C-terminal nuclear localization signal, and a PDZ-binding motif; Type 5 - DGK-theta - contains a third cysteine-rich domain, a pleckstrin homology domain and a proline rich region. The type 2 DGKs are present as part of this Metazoan DGK hierarchy. They have a N-terminal PH domain, two cysteine rich domains, followed by bipartite catalytic domains, and a C-terminal SAM domain. Their catalytic domains and perhaps other DGK catalytic domains may function as two independent units in a coordinated fashion. They may also require other motifs for maximal activity because several DGK catalytic domains have very little DAG kinase activity when expressed as isolated subunits. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 386765288   84 IKEGFLLKHTWSFQRWRRRYFRLKRNMLFYAKDEKCDVFDDIDLSDLCYFECGIKNVNHSFQIITPTRSLVLCAESRREM 163
Cdd:cd13274     1 IKEGPLLKQTSSFQRWKRRYFKLKGRKLYYAKDSKSLIFEEIDLSDASVAECSTKNVNNSFTVITPFRKLILCAESRKEM 80

                          90
                  ....*....|....*..
gi 386765288  164 EDWLGSLKTATAPQRPR 180
Cdd:cd13274    81 EEWISALKTVQQREFYE 97

first protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in type II diacylglycerol kinases; Diacylglycerol (DAG) kinase (EC 2.7.1.107) is a lipid kinase that phosphorylates diacylglycerol to form phosphatidic acid. Type II DAG kinases (DGKs) contain pleckstrin homology (PH) and sterile alpha motifs (SAM) domains, in addition to C1 and catalytic domains that are present in all DGKs. The SAM domain mediates oligomerization of type II DGKs. Three DGK isozymes (delta, eta and kappa) are classified as type II. DAG kinase delta, also called 130 kDa DAG kinase, or diglyceride kinase delta (DGK-delta), is a residential lipid kinase in the endoplasmic reticulum. It promotes lipogenesis and is involved in triglyceride biosynthesis. DAG kinase eta, also called diglyceride kinase eta (DGK-eta), plays a key role in promoting cell growth. The DAG kinase eta gene, DGKH, is a replicated risk gene of bipolar disorder (BPD). DAG kinase kappa is also called diglyceride kinase kappa (DGK-kappa) or 142 kDa DAG kinase. Members of this family contain two copies of the C1 domain. This model corresponds to the first one. The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains; it contains two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 386765288  192 LSNHHHWYATSHARPTYCNVCRDALSGVTSHGLSCEVCKCKVHKRCAAKSIANCKWTTLA 251
Cdd:cd20800     1 LSGSHNWYACSHARPTYCNVCREALSGVTSHGLSCEVCKFKAHKRCAVKAPNNCKWTTLA 60

second protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in type II diacylglycerol kinases; Diacylglycerol (DAG) kinase (EC 2.7.1.107) is a lipid kinase that phosphorylates diacylglycerol to form phosphatidic acid. Type II DAG kinases (DGKs) contain pleckstrin homology (PH) and sterile alpha motifs (SAM) domains, in addition to C1 and catalytic domains that are present in all DGKs. The SAM domain mediates oligomerization of type II DGKs. Three DGK isozymes (delta, eta and kappa) are classified as type II. DAG kinase delta, also called 130 kDa DAG kinase, or diglyceride kinase delta (DGK-delta), is a residential lipid kinase in the endoplasmic reticulum. It promotes lipogenesis and is involved in triglyceride biosynthesis. DAG kinase eta, also called diglyceride kinase eta (DGK-eta), plays a key role in promoting cell growth. The DAG kinase eta gene, DGKH, is a replicated risk gene of bipolar disorder (BPD). DAG kinase kappa is also called diglyceride kinase kappa (DGK-kappa) or 142 kDa DAG kinase. Members of this family contain two copies of the C1 domain. This model corresponds to the second one. The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains; it contains two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 386765288  268 HQWMEGNLPVSSMCAVCKKTCGSVLRLQDWRCLWCRATVHVACRPQMAVACPIG 321
Cdd:cd20852     1 HQWLEGNLPVSSKCAVCDKTCGSVLRLQDWRCLWCGATVHTACKDSLPTKCSLG 54

second protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in diacylglycerol kinase eta (DAG kinase eta) and similar proteins; Diacylglycerol (DAG) kinase (EC 2.7.1.107) is a lipid kinase that phosphorylates diacylglycerol to form phosphatidic acid. DAG kinase eta, also called diglyceride kinase eta (DGK-eta), plays a key role in promoting cell growth. It is classified as a type II DAG kinase (DGK), containing pleckstrin homology (PH) and sterile alpha motifs (SAM) domains, in addition to C1 and catalytic domains that are present in all DGKs. The SAM domain mediates oligomerization of type II DGKs. The diacylglycerol kinase eta gene, DGKH, is a replicated risk gene of bipolar disorder (BPD). DAG kinase eta contains two copies of the C1 domain. This model corresponds to the second one. The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains; it contains two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 386765288  263 GIIMPHQWMEGNLPVSSMCAVCKKTCGSVLRLQDWRCLWCRATVHVACRPQMAVACPIGPAK 324
Cdd:cd20894     1 GIAMPHQWLEGNLPVSAKCSVCDKTCGSVLRLQDWRCLWCKAMVHTACKDQYPRKCPLGQCR 62

second protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in diacylglycerol kinase delta (DAG kinase delta) and similar proteins; Diacylglycerol (DAG) kinase (EC 2.7.1.107) is a lipid kinase that phosphorylates diacylglycerol to form phosphatidic acid. DAG kinase delta, also called 130 kDa diacylglycerol kinase, or diglyceride kinase delta (DGK-delta), is a residential lipid kinase in the endoplasmic reticulum. It promotes lipogenesis and is involved in triglyceride biosynthesis. It is classified as a type II DAG kinase (DGK), containing pleckstrin homology (PH) and sterile alpha motifs (SAM) domains, in addition to C1 and catalytic domains that are present in all DGKs. The SAM domain mediates oligomerization of type II DGKs. DAG kinase delta contains two copies of the C1 domain. This model corresponds to the second one. The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains; it contains two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 386765288  263 GIIMPHQWMEGNLPVSSMCAVCKKTCGSVLRLQDWRCLWCRATVHVACRPQMAVACPIG 321
Cdd:cd20893     1 GISMPHQWLEGNLPVSAKCTVCDKTCGSVLRLQDWRCLWCKAMVHTSCKELLLTKCPLG 59

SAM domain of diacylglycerol kinase delta; SAM (sterile alpha motif) domain of DGK-delta subfamily proteins is a protein-protein interaction domain. Proteins of this subfamily are multidomain diacylglycerol kinases with a SAM domain located at the C-terminus. DGK-delta proteins participate in signal transduction. They regulate the level of second messengers such as diacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid. In particular DGK-delta is involved in the regulation of clathrin-dependent endocytosis. The SAM domain of DGK-delta proteins can form high molecular weight homooligomers through head-to-tail interactions as well as heterooligomers with the SAM domain of DGK-eta proteins. The oligomerization plays a role in the regulation of the DGK-delta intracellular localization: it inhibits the translocation of the protein to the plasma membrane from the cytoplasm. The SAM domain also can bind Zn at multiple (not conserved) sites driving the formation of highly ordered large sheets of polymers, thus suggesting that Zn may play important role in the function of DCK-delta.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 386765288 1808 WSVNEVVTWLETMQLSEYVDSFLKNDIRGKELLTLGRRDLKDLGVVKVGHVKRILQAIKDL 1868
Cdd:cd09575     5 WGTEEVAAWLEHLSLCEYKDIFTRHDVRGSELLHLERRDLKDLGVTKVGHMKRILCGIKEL 65

second protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in type III diacylglycerol kinase, DAG kinase epsilon, and similar proteins; Diacylglycerol (DAG) kinase (EC 2.7.1.107) is a lipid kinase that phosphorylates diacylglycerol to form phosphatidic acid. DAG kinase epsilon, also called diglyceride kinase epsilon (DGK-epsilon), is the only isoform classified as type III; it possesses a hydrophobic domain in addition to C1 and catalytic domains that are present in all DGKs, and shows selectivity for acyl chains. It is highly selective for arachidonate-containing species of DAG. It may terminate signals transmitted through arachidonoyl-DAG or may contribute to the synthesis of phospholipids with defined fatty acid composition. DAG kinase epsilon contains two copies of the C1 domain. This model corresponds to the second one. The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains; it contains two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 386765288  268 HQWMEGNLPVSSMCAVCKKTCGSVLRLQDWRCLWCRATVHVACRPQMAVACPIGPAKLSVVPP 330
Cdd:cd20853     1 HHWVRGNLPLCSVCCVCNEQCGNQPGLCDYRCCWCQRTVHDDCLAKLPKECDLGAFRNFIVPP 63

third protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in type V diacylglycerol kinase, DAG kinase theta, and similar proteins; Diacylglycerol (DAG) kinase (EC 2.7.1.107) is a lipid kinase that phosphorylates diacylglycerol to form phosphatidic acid. DAG kinase theta, also called diglyceride kinase theta (DGK-theta), is the only isoform classified as type V; it contains a pleckstrin homology (PH)-like domain and an additional C1 domain, compared to other DGKs. It may regulate the activity of protein kinase C by controlling the balance between the two signaling lipids, diacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid. DAG kinase theta contains three copies of the C1 domain. This model corresponds to the third one. The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains; it contains two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 386765288  268 HQWMEGNLPVSSMCAVCKKTCGSVLRLQDWRCLWCRATVHVACRPQMAVACPIGPAKLSVVPP 330
Cdd:cd20854     1 HHWREGNLPSNSKCEVCKKSCGSSECLAGMRCEWCGITAHASCYKSLPKECNFGRLRNIILPP 63

Pleckstrin homology domain; Domain commonly found in eukaryotic signalling proteins. The domain family possesses multiple functions including the abilities to bind inositol phosphates, and various proteins. PH domains have been found to possess inserted domains (such as in PLC gamma, syntrophins) and to be inserted within other domains. Mutations in Brutons tyrosine kinase (Btk) within its PH domain cause X-linked agammaglobulinaemia (XLA) in patients. Point mutations cluster into the positively charged end of the molecule around the predicted binding site for phosphatidylinositol lipids.

                            10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 386765288     83 IIKEGFLLK-HTWSFQRWRRRYFRLKRNMLFYAKDEKCDVFDD----IDLSDlCYFECG----IKNVNHSFQIITPTR-S 152
Cdd:smart00233    1 VIKEGWLYKkSGGGKKSWKKRYFVLFNSTLLYYKSKKDKKSYKpkgsIDLSG-CTVREApdpdSSKKPHCFEIKTSDRkT 79

                            90       100
                    ....*....|....*....|...
gi 386765288    153 LVLCAESRREMEDWLGSLKTATA 175
Cdd:smart00233   80 LLLQAESEEEREKWVEALRKAIA 102

ArfGAP with coiled-coil, ankyrin repeat and PH domains Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain; ACAP (also called centaurin beta) functions both as a Rab35 effector and as an Arf6-GTPase-activating protein (GAP) by which it controls actin remodeling and membrane trafficking. ACAP contain an NH2-terminal bin/amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain, a phospholipid-binding domain, a PH domain, a GAP domain, and four ankyrin repeats. The AZAPs constitute a family of Arf GAPs that are characterized by an NH2-terminal pleckstrin homology (PH) domain and a central Arf GAP domain followed by two or more ankyrin repeats. On the basis of sequence and domain organization, the AZAP family is further subdivided into four subfamilies: 1) the ACAPs contain an NH2-terminal bin/amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain (a phospholipid-binding domain that is thought to sense membrane curvature), a single PH domain followed by the GAP domain, and four ankyrin repeats; 2) the ASAPs also contain an NH2-terminal BAR domain, the tandem PH domain/GAP domain, three ankyrin repeats, two proline-rich regions, and a COOH-terminal Src homology 3 domain; 3) the AGAPs contain an NH2-terminal GTPase-like domain (GLD), a split PH domain, and the GAP domain followed by four ankyrin repeats; and 4) the ARAPs contain both an Arf GAP domain and a Rho GAP domain, as well as an NH2-terminal sterile-a motif (SAM), a proline-rich region, a GTPase-binding domain, and five PH domains. PMID 18003747 and 19055940 Centaurin can bind to phosphatidlyinositol (3,4,5)P3. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 386765288   85 KEGFLLKHTWS-FQRWRRRYFRLKRNMLFYAKDEKCD----VFDDIDLsdlcyfeCGIK-----NVNHSFQIITPTRSLV 154
Cdd:cd13250     1 KEGYLFKRSSNaFKTWKRRWFSLQNGQLYYQKRDKKDeptvMVEDLRL-------CTVKptedsDRRFCFEVISPTKSYM 73

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|.
gi 386765288  155 LCAESRREMEDWLGSLKTATA 175
Cdd:cd13250    74 LQAESEEDRQAWIQAIQSAIA 94

SAM domain of Shank1,2,3 family proteins; SAM (sterile alpha motif) domain of Shank1,2,3 family proteins is a protein-protein interaction domain. Shank1,2,3 proteins are scaffold proteins that are known to interact with a variety of cytoplasmic and membrane proteins. SAM domains of the Shank1,2,3 family are prone to homooligomerization. They are highly enriched in the postsynaptic density, acting as scaffolds to organize assembly of postsynaptic proteins. SAM domains of Shank3 proteins can form large sheets of helical fibers. Shank genes show distinct patterns of expression, in rat Shank1 mRNA is found almost exclusively in brain, Shank2 in brain, kidney and liver, and Shank3 in heart, brain and spleen.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 386765288 1808 WSVNEVVTWLETMQLSEYVDSFLKNDIRGKELLTLGRRDLKDLGVVKVGHVKRILQAIKDLS 1869
Cdd:cd09506     5 WTVDDVGDWLESLNLGEHRERFMDNEIDGSHLPNLDKEDLTELGVTRVGHRMNIERALKKLL 66

SAM (Sterile alpha motif ); SAM (Sterile Alpha Motif) domain is a module consisting of approximately 70 amino acids. This domain is found in the Fungi/Metazoa group and in a restricted number of bacteria. Proteins with SAM domains are represented by a wide variety of domain architectures and have different intracellular localization, including nucleus, cytoplasm and membranes. SAM domains have diverse functions. They can interact with proteins, RNAs and membrane lipids, contain site of phosphorylation and/or kinase docking site, and play a role in protein homo and hetero dimerization/oligomerization in processes ranging from signal transduction to regulation of transcription. Mutations in SAM domains have been linked to several diseases.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 386765288 1812 EVVTWLETMQLSEYVDSFLKNDIRGKELLTLGRRDLKDLGVVKVGHVKRILQAIKD 1867
Cdd:cd09487     1 DVAEWLESLGLEQYADLFRKNEIDGDALLLLTDEDLKELGITSPGHRKKILRAIQR 56

SAM domain of WDSUB1 proteins; SAM (sterile alpha motif) domain of WDSUB1 subfamily proteins is a putative protein-protein interaction domain. Proteins of this group contain multiple domains: SAM, one or more WD40 repeats and U-box (derived version of the RING-finger domain). Apparently the WDSUB1 subfamily proteins participate in protein degradation through ubiquitination, since U-box domain are known as a member of E3 ubiquitin ligase family, while SAM and WD40 domains most probably are responsible for an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme binding and a target protein binding.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 386765288 1807 NWSVNEVVTWLETMQLSEYVDSFLKNDIRGKELLTLGRRDL-KDLGVVKVGHVKRILQAIKDLSE 1870
Cdd:cd09505     4 DWSEEDVCTWLRSIGLEQYVEVFRANNIDGKELLNLTKESLsKDLKIESLGHRNKILRKIEELKM 68

Arabidopsis thaliana Pleckstrin homolog (PH) 1 (AtPH1) PH domain; AtPH1 is expressed in all plant tissue and is proposed to be the plant homolog of human pleckstrin. Pleckstrin consists of two PH domains separated by a linker region, while AtPH has a single PH domain with a short N-terminal extension. AtPH1 binds PtdIns3P specifically and is thought to be an adaptor molecule since it has no obvious catalytic functions. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 386765288   85 KEGFLLKHTWSFQRWRRRYFRLKRNMLFYAKDEKCDVFDD----IDLSDlcyfeC-GIK------NVNHSFQIITPTRSL 153
Cdd:cd13276     1 KAGWLEKQGEFIKTWRRRWFVLKQGKLFWFKEPDVTPYSKprgvIDLSK-----ClTVKsaedatNKENAFELSTPEETF 75

                          90
                  ....*....|....*..
gi 386765288  154 VLCAESRREMEDWLGSL 170
Cdd:cd13276    76 YFIADNEKEKEEWIGAI 92

protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) superfamily; The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains. It contains the motif HX12CX2CXnCX2CX4HX2CX7C, where C and H are cysteine and histidine, respectively; X represents other residues; and n is either 13 or 14. C1 has a globular fold with two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites. It was originally discovered as lipid-binding modules in protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms. C1 domains that bind and respond to phorbol esters (PE) and diacylglycerol (DAG) are referred to as typical, and those that do not respond to PE and DAG are deemed atypical. A C1 domain may also be referred to as PKC or non-PKC C1, based on the parent protein's activity. Most C1 domain-containing non-PKC proteins act as lipid kinases and scaffolds, except PKD which acts as a protein kinase. PKC C1 domains play roles in membrane translocation and activation of the enzyme.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 386765288  196 HHWYATSHARPTYCNVCRDALSGVTSHGLSCEVCKCKVHKRCAAKSIANC 245
Cdd:cd00029     1 HRFVPTTFSSPTFCDVCGKLIWGLFKQGLKCSDCGLVCHKKCLDKAPSPC 50

Phorbol esters/diacylglycerol binding domain (C1 domain); This domain is also known as the Protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1) domain.

                           10        20        30        40        50
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 386765288   196 HHWYATSHARPTYCNVCRDALSGVTSHGLSCEVCKCKVHKRCAAKSIANC 245
Cdd:pfam00130    1 HHFVHRNFKQPTFCDHCGEFLWGLGKQGLKCSWCKLNVHKRCHEKVPPEC 50

first protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in diacylglycerol kinase gamma (DAG kinase gamma) and similar proteins; Diacylglycerol (DAG) kinase (EC 2.7.1.107) is a lipid kinase that phosphorylates diacylglycerol to form phosphatidic acid. DAG kinase gamma, also called diglyceride kinase gamma (DGK-gamma), reverses the normal flow of glycerolipid biosynthesis by phosphorylating diacylglycerol back to phosphatidic acid. It is classified as a type I DAG kinase (DGK), containing EF-hand structures that bind Ca(2+) and a recoverin homology domain, in addition to C1 and catalytic domains that are present in all DGKs. As a type I DGK, it is regulated by calcium binding. DGK-gamma contains two copies of the C1 domain. This model corresponds to the first one. DGK-gamma contains typical C1 domains that bind DAG and phorbol esters. The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains; it contains two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 386765288  196 HHWYATSHARPTYCNVCRDALSGVTSHGLSCEVCKCKVHKRCAAKSIANC 245
Cdd:cd20846    17 HAWRLKHFKKPAYCNFCHTMLLGVRKQGLCCSFCKYTVHERCVSKDIASC 66

Tandem PH-domain-containing protein 2 Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain; The binding of TAPP2 (also called PLEKHA2) adaptors to PtdIns(3,4)P(2), but not PI(3,4, 5)P3, function as negative regulators of insulin and PI3K signalling pathways (i.e. TAPP/utrophin/syntrophin complex). TAPP2 contains two sequential PH domains in which the C-terminal PH domain specifically binds PtdIns(3,4)P2 with high affinity. The N-terminal PH domain does not interact with any phosphoinositide tested. They also contain a C-terminal PDZ-binding motif that interacts with several PDZ-binding proteins, including PTPN13 (known previously as PTPL1 or FAP-1) as well as the scaffolding proteins MUPP1 (multiple PDZ-domain-containing protein 1), syntrophin and utrophin. The members here are most sequence similar to TAPP2 proteins, but may not be actual TAPP2 proteins. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 386765288   82 AIIKEGFLLKHTWSFQRWRRRYFRLKRNMLFYAKDEK-CDVFDDIDLSDL--CYfECGIKNVNHSFQIITPTRSLVLCAE 158
Cdd:cd13255     5 AVLKAGYLEKKGERRKTWKKRWFVLRPTKLAYYKNDKeYRLLRLIDLTDIhtCT-EVQLKKHDNTFGIVTPARTFYVQAD 83

                          90
                  ....*....|....*
gi 386765288  159 SRREMEDWLGSLKTA 173
Cdd:cd13255    84 SKAEMESWISAINLA 98

Protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1) domains (Cysteine-rich domains); Some bind phorbol esters and diacylglycerol. Some bind RasGTP. Zinc-binding domains.

                            10        20        30        40        50
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 386765288    268 HQWMEGNLPVSSMCAVCKKTCGSVlRLQDWRCLWCRATVHVACRPQMAVAC 318
Cdd:smart00109    1 HKHVFRTFTKPTFCCVCRKSIWGS-FKQGLRCSECKVKCHKKCADKVPKAC 50

SAM domain of Ste50_like (ubc2) subfamily; SAM (sterile alpha motif) domain of Ste50-like (or Ubc2 for Ustilago bypass of cyclase) subfamily is a putative protein-protein interaction domain. This group includes only fungal proteins. Basidiomycetes have an N-terminal SAM domain, central UBQ domain, and C-terminal SH3 domain, while Ascomycetes lack the SH3 domain. Ubc2 of Ustilago maydis is a major virulence and maize pathogenicity factor. It is required for filamentous growth (the budding haploid form of Ustilago maydis is a saprophyte, while filamentous dikaryotic form is a pathogen). Also the Ubc2 protein is involved in the pheromone-responsive morphogenesis via the MAP kinase cascade. The SAM domain is necessary for ubc2 function; deletion of SAM eliminates this function. A Lys-to-Glu mutation in the SAM domain of ubc2 gene induces temperature sensitivity.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 386765288 1812 EVVTWLETMQLSEYVDSFLKNDIRGKELLTLGRRDLKDLGVVKVGHVKRILQAIKDL 1868
Cdd:cd09533     1 DVADWLSSLGLPQYEDQFIENGITGDVLVALDHEDLKEMGITSVGHRLTILKAVYEL 57

first protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in novel protein kinase C (nPKC) epsilon, eta, and similar proteins; PKCs are classified into three groups (classical, atypical, and novel) depending on their mode of activation and the structural characteristics of their regulatory domains. nPKCs are calcium-independent, but require DAG (1,2-diacylglycerol) and phosphatidylserine (PS) for activity. PKC-epsilon has been shown to behave as an oncoprotein. Its overexpression contributes to neoplastic transformation depending on the cell type. It contributes to oncogenesis by inducing disordered cell growth and inhibiting cell death. It also plays a role in tumor invasion and metastasis. PKC-epsilon has also been found to confer cardioprotection against ischemia and reperfusion-mediated damage. Other cellular functions include the regulation of gene expression, cell adhesion, and cell motility. PKC-eta is predominantly expressed in squamous epithelia, where it plays a crucial role in the signaling of cell-type specific differentiation. It is also expressed in pro-B cells and early-stage thymocytes, and acts as a key regulator in early B-cell development. PKC-eta increases glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) proliferation and resistance to radiation, and is being developed as a therapeutic target for the management of GBM. Members of this family contain two copies of the C1 domain. This model corresponds to the first one. The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains; it contains two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 386765288  194 NHHHWYATSHARPTYCNVCRDALSGVTS-HGLSCEVCKCKVHKRCAAKSIANC 245
Cdd:cd20835     8 NGHKFMATYLRQPTYCSHCKDFIWGVIGkQGYQCQVCTCVVHKRCHQLVVTKC 60