Dynamin central region; This is the stalk region which lies between the GTPase domain, see pfam00350, and the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, see pfam00169. This region dimerizes in a cross-like fashion forming a dynamin dimer in which the two G-domains are oriented in opposite directions.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 442616503  210 DARDILENKLLPLRRGYIGVVNRSQKDIEGRKDIHQALAAERKFFLSHPSYRHMADRLGTPYLQRVLNQQLTNHIRDTLP 289
Cdd:pfam01031   1 DALDILRNRVIPLKLGYVGVVNRSQKDINGNKSIEEALQDERAFFETHPAYRLLADKCGTPYLAKKLNQILVNHIRKSLP 80

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 442616503  290 GLRDKLQKQMLTLEKEVEEFKHFQPGDASIKTKAMLQMIQQLQSDFERTIEGSGSalVNTNELSGGAKINRIFHERLRFE 369
Cdd:pfam01031  81 DLKNKINELLQKTEKELEKYGNGIPSDPAEKGKFLLQLITKFNQDFKNLIDGESE--ISTNELSGGARIRYIFNEIFPKS 158

                         170       180       190       200       210       220       230       240
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 442616503  370 IVKMACDEKELRREISFAIRNIHGIRVGLFTPDMAFEAIVKRQIALLKEPVIKCVDLVVQELSVVVRMCTAKMSRYPRLR 449
Cdd:pfam01031 159 LEKIDPLENLSDEEIRTAIRNSRGIRLPLFVPEKAFELLVKQQIKRLEEPALKCVELVYEELERIIHKCTPELKRFPNLR 238

                         250       260       270       280
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 442616503  450 EETERIITTHVRQREHSCKEQILLLIDFELAYMNTNHEDFIGFANAQNK 498
Cdd:pfam01031 239 ERIKEVVEDLLRERLEPTEKMIRSLIEMELAYINTNHPDFIGGLNAVRE 287

Dynamin GTPase effector domain;

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 442616503   664 QLERQVETIRNLVDSYMKIVTKTTRDMVPKAIMMLIINNAKDFINGELLAHLYASGDQAQMMEESAESATRREEMLRMYR 743
Cdd:smart00302   1 YEDSELEEIKSLVKSYFTIVSKTLADQVPKAIMYLLVNESKDSLQNELLALLYKEELLDELLEEDPEIASKRKELKKRLE 80

                           90
                   ....*....|..
gi 442616503   744 ACKDALQIIGDV 755
Cdd:smart00302  81 LLKKARQIIAAV 92

Dynamin_like protein family includes dynamins and Mx proteins; The dynamin family of large mechanochemical GTPases includes the classical dynamins and dynamin-like proteins (DLPs) that are found throughout the Eukarya. These proteins catalyze membrane fission during clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Dynamin consists of five domains; an N-terminal G domain that binds and hydrolyzes GTP, a middle domain (MD) involved in self-assembly and oligomerization, a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain responsible for interactions with the plasma membrane, GED, which is also involved in self-assembly, and a proline arginine rich domain (PRD) that interacts with SH3 domains on accessory proteins. To date, three vertebrate dynamin genes have been identified; dynamin 1, which is brain specific, mediates uptake of synaptic vesicles in presynaptic terminals; dynamin-2 is expressed ubiquitously and similarly participates in membrane fission; mutations in the MD, PH and GED domains of dynamin 2 have been linked to human diseases such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth peripheral neuropathy and rare forms of centronuclear myopathy. Dynamin 3 participates in megakaryocyte progenitor amplification, and is also involved in cytoplasmic enlargement and the formation of the demarcation membrane system. This family also includes interferon-induced Mx proteins that inhibit a wide range of viruses by blocking an early stage of the replication cycle. Dynamin oligomerizes into helical structures around the neck of budding vesicles in a GTP hydrolysis-dependent manner.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 442616503  24 LDLPQIAVVGGQSAGKSSVLENFVGKDFLPRGSGIVTRRPLILQLING--------VTEYGEFLHIKGKKFSSFDEIRKE 95
Cdd:cd08771    1 IDLPQIVVVGDQSSGKSSVLEALVGRDFLPRGSGICTRRPLELQLRRSpsesdedeKEEWGEFLHLKSKEFTDFEELREE 80

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 442616503  96 IEDETDRVTGSNKGISNIPINLRVYSPHVLNLTLIDLPGLTKVAIGDQPVDIEQQIKQMIFQFIRKETCLILAVTPANTD 175
Cdd:cd08771   81 IEKETDRVAGENKGISPEPIRLEIESPDVPNLTLVDLPGLIKVPVGDQPEDIEEQIRSMVKSYISNPRSIILAVVPANVD 160

                        170       180       190       200       210       220       230       240
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 442616503 176 LANSDALKLAKEVDPQGVRTIGVITKLDLMDEGTDARDIL---ENKLLPLRRGYIGVVNRSQKDIEGRKDIHQALAAERK 252
Cdd:cd08771  161 LANSEALKLAREVDPEGERTIGVLTKLDLMDPGTDAEDILlllQGKVIPLKLGYVGVVNRSQKDIDSGKSIEEALEAEEE 240

                        250       260       270
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 442616503 253 FFLSHPSYRH-MADRLGTPYLQRVLNQQLTNHIRDTLP 289
Cdd:cd08771  241 FFETHPWYKLlPASRVGTPALRKRLSKLLQKHIRESLP 278

Dynamin pleckstrin homology (PH) domain; Dynamin is a GTPase that regulates endocytic vesicle formation. It has an N-terminal GTPase domain, followed by a PH domain, a GTPase effector domain and a C-terminal proline arginine rich domain. Dynamin-like proteins, which are found in metazoa, plants and yeast have the same domain architecture as dynamin, but lack the PH domain. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 442616503 512 NQVIRKGHMVIQNLGIMKdiklgrsgplnvrffspstGGSRPYWFVLTSESISWYKDEDEKEKKFMLPLDGLKLRDIEQG 591
Cdd:cd01256    1 NQVIRKGWLTINNIGFMK-------------------GGSKEYWFVLTAESLSWYKDEEEKEKKYMLPLDGLKLRDVEKG 61

                         90       100       110       120       130
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 442616503 592 FMSmsRRVTFALFSPDGRNVYKDYKQLELSCETVEDVESWKASFLRAGVYPEK 644
Cdd:cd01256   62 FMS--RKHIFALFNTDQRNVYKDYKQLELSCETQEEVDSWKASFLRAGVYPEK 112

Dynamin GTPase effector domain;

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 442616503   664 QLERQVETIRNLVDSYMKIVTKTTRDMVPKAIMMLIINNAKDFINGELLAHLYASGDQAQMMEESAESATRREEMLRMYR 743
Cdd:smart00302   1 YEDSELEEIKSLVKSYFTIVSKTLADQVPKAIMYLLVNESKDSLQNELLALLYKEELLDELLEEDPEIASKRKELKKRLE 80

                           90
                   ....*....|..
gi 442616503   744 ACKDALQIIGDV 755
Cdd:smart00302  81 LLKKARQIIAAV 92

Pleckstrin homology domain; Domain commonly found in eukaryotic signalling proteins. The domain family possesses multiple functions including the abilities to bind inositol phosphates, and various proteins. PH domains have been found to possess inserted domains (such as in PLC gamma, syntrophins) and to be inserted within other domains. Mutations in Brutons tyrosine kinase (Btk) within its PH domain cause X-linked agammaglobulinaemia (XLA) in patients. Point mutations cluster into the positively charged end of the molecule around the predicted binding site for phosphatidylinositol lipids.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 442616503   535 RSGPLNVRFfSPSTGGSRPYWFVLTSESISWYKDEDEKEK---KFMLPLDGLKLRDIEQGFmSMSRRVTFALFSPDGRNV 611
Cdd:smart00233   3 KEGWLYKKS-GGGKKSWKKRYFVLFNSTLLYYKSKKDKKSykpKGSIDLSGCTVREAPDPD-SSKKPHCFEIKTSDRKTL 80

                           90       100
                   ....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 442616503   612 YkdykqleLSCETVEDVESWKASFLRA 638
Cdd:smart00233  81 L-------LQAESEEEREKWVEALRKA 100

Fibronectin-attachment protein (FAP); This family contains bacterial fibronectin-attachment proteins (FAP). Family members are rich in alanine and proline, are approximately 300 long, and seem to be restricted to mycobacteria. These proteins contain a fibronectin-binding motif that allows mycobacteria to bind to fibronectin in the extracellular matrix.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 442616503  725 MEESAESATRREEMLRmyrackdALQIIGDVSMATVSSPLPPPVKNDWLPSGL-DNPRLSPPSPGGVRGKPGPPAQsslg 803
Cdd:pfam07174   1 MDQVDPNSTRRKGLWA-------TLAIAAVAGASAVAVALPAVAHADPEPAPPpPSTATAPPAPPPPPPAPAAPAP---- 69

                          90       100       110       120       130
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 442616503  804 grnPPLPPSTG----RPAPAIPNRPGGGAPPLPGGRPGGSLPPPMLPSRVSGAVGG 855
Cdd:pfam07174  70 ---PPPPAAPNapnaPPPPADPNAPPPPPADPNAPPPPAVDPNAPEPGRIDNAVGG 122

Dynamin_like protein family includes dynamins and Mx proteins; The dynamin family of large mechanochemical GTPases includes the classical dynamins and dynamin-like proteins (DLPs) that are found throughout the Eukarya. These proteins catalyze membrane fission during clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Dynamin consists of five domains; an N-terminal G domain that binds and hydrolyzes GTP, a middle domain (MD) involved in self-assembly and oligomerization, a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain responsible for interactions with the plasma membrane, GED, which is also involved in self-assembly, and a proline arginine rich domain (PRD) that interacts with SH3 domains on accessory proteins. To date, three vertebrate dynamin genes have been identified; dynamin 1, which is brain specific, mediates uptake of synaptic vesicles in presynaptic terminals; dynamin-2 is expressed ubiquitously and similarly participates in membrane fission; mutations in the MD, PH and GED domains of dynamin 2 have been linked to human diseases such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth peripheral neuropathy and rare forms of centronuclear myopathy. Dynamin 3 participates in megakaryocyte progenitor amplification, and is also involved in cytoplasmic enlargement and the formation of the demarcation membrane system. This family also includes interferon-induced Mx proteins that inhibit a wide range of viruses by blocking an early stage of the replication cycle. Dynamin oligomerizes into helical structures around the neck of budding vesicles in a GTP hydrolysis-dependent manner.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 442616503  24 LDLPQIAVVGGQSAGKSSVLENFVGKDFLPRGSGIVTRRPLILQLING--------VTEYGEFLHIKGKKFSSFDEIRKE 95
Cdd:cd08771    1 IDLPQIVVVGDQSSGKSSVLEALVGRDFLPRGSGICTRRPLELQLRRSpsesdedeKEEWGEFLHLKSKEFTDFEELREE 80

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 442616503  96 IEDETDRVTGSNKGISNIPINLRVYSPHVLNLTLIDLPGLTKVAIGDQPVDIEQQIKQMIFQFIRKETCLILAVTPANTD 175
Cdd:cd08771   81 IEKETDRVAGENKGISPEPIRLEIESPDVPNLTLVDLPGLIKVPVGDQPEDIEEQIRSMVKSYISNPRSIILAVVPANVD 160

                        170       180       190       200       210       220       230       240
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 442616503 176 LANSDALKLAKEVDPQGVRTIGVITKLDLMDEGTDARDIL---ENKLLPLRRGYIGVVNRSQKDIEGRKDIHQALAAERK 252
Cdd:cd08771  161 LANSEALKLAREVDPEGERTIGVLTKLDLMDPGTDAEDILlllQGKVIPLKLGYVGVVNRSQKDIDSGKSIEEALEAEEE 240

                        250       260       270
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 442616503 253 FFLSHPSYRH-MADRLGTPYLQRVLNQQLTNHIRDTLP 289
Cdd:cd08771  241 FFETHPWYKLlPASRVGTPALRKRLSKLLQKHIRESLP 278

Dynamin pleckstrin homology (PH) domain; Dynamin is a GTPase that regulates endocytic vesicle formation. It has an N-terminal GTPase domain, followed by a PH domain, a GTPase effector domain and a C-terminal proline arginine rich domain. Dynamin-like proteins, which are found in metazoa, plants and yeast have the same domain architecture as dynamin, but lack the PH domain. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 442616503 512 NQVIRKGHMVIQNLGIMKdiklgrsgplnvrffspstGGSRPYWFVLTSESISWYKDEDEKEKKFMLPLDGLKLRDIEQG 591
Cdd:cd01256    1 NQVIRKGWLTINNIGFMK-------------------GGSKEYWFVLTAESLSWYKDEEEKEKKYMLPLDGLKLRDVEKG 61

                         90       100       110       120       130
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 442616503 592 FMSmsRRVTFALFSPDGRNVYKDYKQLELSCETVEDVESWKASFLRAGVYPEK 644
Cdd:cd01256   62 FMS--RKHIFALFNTDQRNVYKDYKQLELSCETQEEVDSWKASFLRAGVYPEK 112

Dynamin GTPase effector domain;

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 442616503   664 QLERQVETIRNLVDSYMKIVTKTTRDMVPKAIMMLIINNAKDFINGELLAHLYASGDQAQMMEESAESATRREEMLRMYR 743
Cdd:smart00302   1 YEDSELEEIKSLVKSYFTIVSKTLADQVPKAIMYLLVNESKDSLQNELLALLYKEELLDELLEEDPEIASKRKELKKRLE 80

                           90
                   ....*....|..
gi 442616503   744 ACKDALQIIGDV 755
Cdd:smart00302  81 LLKKARQIIAAV 92

Pleckstrin homology domain; Domain commonly found in eukaryotic signalling proteins. The domain family possesses multiple functions including the abilities to bind inositol phosphates, and various proteins. PH domains have been found to possess inserted domains (such as in PLC gamma, syntrophins) and to be inserted within other domains. Mutations in Brutons tyrosine kinase (Btk) within its PH domain cause X-linked agammaglobulinaemia (XLA) in patients. Point mutations cluster into the positively charged end of the molecule around the predicted binding site for phosphatidylinositol lipids.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 442616503   535 RSGPLNVRFfSPSTGGSRPYWFVLTSESISWYKDEDEKEK---KFMLPLDGLKLRDIEQGFmSMSRRVTFALFSPDGRNV 611
Cdd:smart00233   3 KEGWLYKKS-GGGKKSWKKRYFVLFNSTLLYYKSKKDKKSykpKGSIDLSGCTVREAPDPD-SSKKPHCFEIKTSDRKTL 80

                           90       100
                   ....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 442616503   612 YkdykqleLSCETVEDVESWKASFLRA 638
Cdd:smart00233  81 L-------LQAESEEEREKWVEALRKA 100

Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain; PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 442616503 535 RSGPLNVRFfSPSTGGSRPYWFVLTSESISWYKDEDE--KEKKFMLPLDG-LKLRDIEQGfmsmSRRVTFALFSPDGRNV 611
Cdd:cd00821    1 KEGYLLKRG-GGGLKSWKKRWFVLFEGVLLYYKSKKDssYKPKGSIPLSGiLEVEEVSPK----ERPHCFELVTPDGRTY 75

                         90       100
                 ....*....|....*....|
gi 442616503 612 YkdykqleLSCETVEDVESW 631
Cdd:cd00821   76 Y-------LQADSEEERQEW 88

General Receptor for Phosphoinositides-1-like Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain; GRP1/cytohesin3 and the related proteins ARNO (ARF nucleotide-binding site opener)/cytohesin-2 and cytohesin-1 are ARF exchange factors that contain a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain thought to target these proteins to cell membranes through binding polyphosphoinositides. The PH domains of all three proteins exhibit relatively high affinity for PtdIns(3,4,5)P3. Within the Grp1 family, diglycine (2G) and triglycine (3G) splice variants, differing only in the number of glycine residues in the PH domain, strongly influence the affinity and specificity for phosphoinositides. The 2G variants selectively bind PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 with high affinity,the 3G variants bind PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 with about 30-fold lower affinity and require the polybasic region for plasma membrane targeting. These ARF-GEFs share a common, tripartite structure consisting of an N-terminal coiled-coil domain, a central domain with homology to the yeast protein Sec7, a PH domain, and a C-terminal polybasic region. The Sec7 domain is autoinhibited by conserved elements proximal to the PH domain. GRP1 binds to the DNA binding domain of certain nuclear receptors (TRalpha, TRbeta, AR, ER, but not RXR), and can repress thyroid hormone receptor (TR)-mediated transactivation by decreasing TR-complex formation on thyroid hormone response elements. ARNO promotes sequential activation of Arf6, Cdc42 and Rac1 and insulin secretion. Cytohesin acts as a PI 3-kinase effector mediating biological responses including cell spreading and adhesion, chemotaxis, protein trafficking, and cytoskeletal rearrangements, only some of which appear to depend on their ability to activate ARFs. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 442616503 555 WFVLTSESISWYKDEDEKEKKFMLPLDGLKLRDIEQgfmsMSRRVTFALFSPDGRNVYKDYK 616
Cdd:cd01252   23 WFILTDNCLYYFEYTTDKEPRGIIPLENLSVREVED----KKKPFCFELYSPSNGQVIKACK 80

Switch-associated protein-70 Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain; SWAP-70 (also called Differentially expressed in FDCP 6/DEF-6 or IRF4-binding protein) functions in cellular signal transduction pathways (in conjunction with Rac), regulates cell motility through actin rearrangement, and contributes to the transformation and invasion activity of mouse embryo fibroblasts. Metazoan SWAP-70 is found in B lymphocytes, mast cells, and in a variety of organs. Metazoan SWAP-70 contains an N-terminal EF-hand motif, a centrally located PH domain, and a C-terminal coiled-coil domain. The PH domain of Metazoan SWAP-70 contains a phosphoinositide-binding site and a nuclear localization signal (NLS), which localize SWAP-70 to the plasma membrane and nucleus, respectively. The NLS is a sequence of four Lys residues located at the N-terminus of the C-terminal a-helix; this is a unique characteristic of the Metazoan SWAP-70 PH domain. The SWAP-70 PH domain binds PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 and PtdIns(4,5)P2 embedded in lipid bilayer vesicles. There are additional plant SWAP70 proteins, but these are not included in this hierarchy. Rice SWAP70 (OsSWAP70) exhibits GEF activity toward the its Rho GTPase, OsRac1, and regulates chitin-induced production of reactive oxygen species and defense gene expression in rice. Arabidopsis SWAP70 (AtSWAP70) plays a role in both PAMP- and effector-triggered immunity. Plant SWAP70 contains both DH and PH domains, but their arrangement is the reverse of that in typical DH-PH-type Rho GEFs, wherein the DH domain is flanked by a C-terminal PH domain. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                         10        20        30
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 442616503 552 RPYWFVLTSESISWYKDEDEKEKKFMLPLDG 582
Cdd:cd13273   25 TERWFVLKPNSLSYYKSEDLKEKKGEIALDS 55

Proline-rich protein; This family includes several eukaryotic proline-rich proteins.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 442616503  762 SPLPPPVKNDWLPSGLDNPRLSPPSPGGVRGKPGPPAQSSLGGRNP--PLPPSTGRP 816
Cdd:pfam15240  93 GPRPPPGKPQGPPPQGGNQQQGPPPPGKPQGPPPQGGGPPPQGGNQqgPPPPPPGNP 149

Phosphoinositol 3-phosphate binding proteins 1, 2, and 3 pleckstrin homology (PH) domain; PEPP1 (also called PLEKHA4/PH domain-containing family A member 4 and RHOXF1/Rhox homeobox family member 1), and related homologs PEPP2 (also called PLEKHA5/PH domain-containing family A member 5) and PEPP3 (also called PLEKHA6/PH domain-containing family A member 6), have PH domains that interact specifically with PtdIns(3,4)P3. Other proteins that bind PtdIns(3,4)P3 specifically are: TAPP1 (tandem PH-domain-containing protein-1) and TAPP2], PtdIns3P AtPH1, and Ptd- Ins(3,5)P2 (centaurin-beta2). All of these proteins contain at least 5 of the 6 conserved amino acids that make up the putative phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5- trisphosphate-binding motif (PPBM) located at their N-terminus. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 442616503 555 WFVLTSESISWYKDEDEKEKKFMLPLDGLKLRDIeQGFMSMSRRVTFALFSPDGRNVYkdykqleLSCETVEDVESW 631
Cdd:cd13248   28 WFVLKDNCLYYYKDPEEEKALGSILLPSYTISPA-PPSDEISRKFAFKAEHANMRTYY-------FAADTAEEMEQW 96