ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain found in small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) and similar proteins; SUMO (also known as "Smt3" and "sentrin" in other organisms) resembles ubiquitin (Ub) in structure, ligation to other proteins, and the mechanism of ligation. Ubiquitin is a protein modifier in eukaryotes that is involved in various cellular processes, including transcriptional regulation, cell cycle control, and DNA repair. Ubiquitination is comprised of a cascade of E1, E2 and E3 enzymes that results in a covalent bond between the C-terminus of Ub and the epsilon-amino group of a substrate lysine. SUMOs, like Ub, are covalently conjugated to lysine residues in a wide variety of target proteins in eukaryotic cells and regulate numerous cellular processes, such as transcription, epigenetic gene control, genomic instability, and protein degradation. The mammalian SUMOs have four paralogs, SUMO1 through SUMO4, which all regulate different cellular functions by conjugating to different proteins. SUMO2-4 are more closely related to each other than to SUMO1.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 442620615 350 KFQVKVQADKWKHPLVIPMKKTDNFKIIFIKCAEELNCDPRTIKLFFDGDLLDPNDTPNNQDMEGNEVID 419
Cdd:cd01763    1 KITIKVRGQDGGKKVRFKVKKTTKLKKLFDAYAEKKGLDPDSLRFTFDGERISPNDTPESLGLEDGDIID 70

ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain found in small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) and similar proteins; SUMO (also known as "Smt3" and "sentrin" in other organisms) resembles ubiquitin (Ub) in structure, ligation to other proteins, and the mechanism of ligation. Ubiquitin is a protein modifier in eukaryotes that is involved in various cellular processes, including transcriptional regulation, cell cycle control, and DNA repair. Ubiquitination is comprised of a cascade of E1, E2 and E3 enzymes that results in a covalent bond between the C-terminus of Ub and the epsilon-amino group of a substrate lysine. SUMOs, like Ub, are covalently conjugated to lysine residues in a wide variety of target proteins in eukaryotic cells and regulate numerous cellular processes, such as transcription, epigenetic gene control, genomic instability, and protein degradation. The mammalian SUMOs have four paralogs, SUMO1 through SUMO4, which all regulate different cellular functions by conjugating to different proteins. SUMO2-4 are more closely related to each other than to SUMO1.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 442620615 350 KFQVKVQADKWKHPLVIPMKKTDNFKIIFIKCAEELNCDPRTIKLFFDGDLLDPNDTPNNQDMEGNEVID 419
Cdd:cd01763    1 KITIKVRGQDGGKKVRFKVKKTTKLKKLFDAYAEKKGLDPDSLRFTFDGERISPNDTPESLGLEDGDIID 70

ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain found in small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) and similar proteins; SUMO (also known as "Smt3" and "sentrin" in other organisms) resembles ubiquitin (Ub) in structure, ligation to other proteins, and the mechanism of ligation. Ubiquitin is a protein modifier in eukaryotes that is involved in various cellular processes, including transcriptional regulation, cell cycle control, and DNA repair. Ubiquitination is comprised of a cascade of E1, E2 and E3 enzymes that results in a covalent bond between the C-terminus of Ub and the epsilon-amino group of a substrate lysine. SUMOs, like Ub, are covalently conjugated to lysine residues in a wide variety of target proteins in eukaryotic cells and regulate numerous cellular processes, such as transcription, epigenetic gene control, genomic instability, and protein degradation. The mammalian SUMOs have four paralogs, SUMO1 through SUMO4, which all regulate different cellular functions by conjugating to different proteins. SUMO2-4 are more closely related to each other than to SUMO1.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 442620615 254 TIEVALSWLGEIQIYKLRQHQKFKHLFKELASRNGIDENDITvdMYYNF--VGPEDTPHSIGLK 315
Cdd:cd01763    3 TIKVRGQDGGKKVRFKVKKTTKLKKLFDAYAEKKGLDPDSLR--FTFDGerISPNDTPESLGLE 64

ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain found in small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) and similar proteins; SUMO (also known as "Smt3" and "sentrin" in other organisms) resembles ubiquitin (Ub) in structure, ligation to other proteins, and the mechanism of ligation. Ubiquitin is a protein modifier in eukaryotes that is involved in various cellular processes, including transcriptional regulation, cell cycle control, and DNA repair. Ubiquitination is comprised of a cascade of E1, E2 and E3 enzymes that results in a covalent bond between the C-terminus of Ub and the epsilon-amino group of a substrate lysine. SUMOs, like Ub, are covalently conjugated to lysine residues in a wide variety of target proteins in eukaryotic cells and regulate numerous cellular processes, such as transcription, epigenetic gene control, genomic instability, and protein degradation. The mammalian SUMOs have four paralogs, SUMO1 through SUMO4, which all regulate different cellular functions by conjugating to different proteins. SUMO2-4 are more closely related to each other than to SUMO1.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 442620615 350 KFQVKVQADKWKHPLVIPMKKTDNFKIIFIKCAEELNCDPRTIKLFFDGDLLDPNDTPNNQDMEGNEVID 419
Cdd:cd01763    1 KITIKVRGQDGGKKVRFKVKKTTKLKKLFDAYAEKKGLDPDSLRFTFDGERISPNDTPESLGLEDGDIID 70

SUMO-like domain 1 (SLD1), structurally similar to a beta-grasp ubiquitin-like fold, found in nuclear factor of activated T-cells 2 interacting protein (NFATC2ip) and similar proteins; NFATC2ip, also termed nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), cytoplasmic, calcineurin dependent 2 interacting protein, or 45 kDa NF-AT-interacting protein, or 45 kDa NFAT-interacting protein (Nip45), or nuclear factor of activated T-cells, or cytoplasmic 2-interacting protein, belongs to the eukaryotic-specific Rad60-Esc2-Nip45 (RENi) protein family. The family members may act as factors in transcriptional regulation, chromatin silencing and genomic stability, and typically contain an N-terminal polar/charged low-complexity segment and two C-terminal consecutive unique small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO)-like domains (SLD1 and SLD2) with beta-grasp fold. NFATC2ip was firstly identified as a co-regulator with NFAT and the T helper 2 (Th2)-specific transcription factor, c-Maf, to induce IL-4 production. NFATC2ip has also been involved in cellular differentiation and coordination of the immune response in humans and mice.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 442620615 366 IPMKKTDNFKIIFIKCAEELNCDPRTIKLFFDGDLLDPNDTP 407
Cdd:cd17078   16 IPLKPTDPFEKIFETLARLLGVPPSRILLLLNDQLLHLDDTP 57

SUMO-like domain 2 (SLD2), structurally similar to a beta-grasp ubiquitin-like fold, found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae establishes silent chromatin protein 2 (Esc2p) and similar proteins; Protein Esc2p belongs to the eukaryotic-specific Rad60-Esc2-Nip45 (RENi) protein family, whose members may act as factors in transcriptional regulation, chromatin silencing and genomic stability, and typically contain an N-terminal polar/charged low-complexity segment and two C-terminal consecutive unique small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO)-like domains (SLD1 and SLD2) with beta-grasp fold. Yeast Esc2p was identified as a factor promoting gene silencing. It is also required for genome integrity during DNA replication and sister chromatid cohesion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Esc2p promotes Mus81p complex-activity via its SUMO-like and DNA binding domains. It also acts as a novel structure-specific DNA-binding factor implicated in the local regulation of the Srs2p helicase through promoting recombination at sites of stalled replication. In addition, Esc2p specifically promotes the accumulation of SUMOylated Mms21-specific substrates and functions with Mms21p to suppress gross chromosomal rearrangements (GCRs). This family also includes DNA repair protein Rad60p from Schizosaccharomyces pombe. It is a SUMO mimetic and SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase (STUbL)-interacting protein that is required for the repair of DNA double strand breaks, recovery from S phase replication arrest, and plays an essential role in cell viability. Like other RENi family members, Rad60p has two SLD domains.

                         10        20        30
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 442620615 388 DPRTIKLFFDGDLLDPNDTPNNQDMEGNEVIDLK 421
Cdd:cd17080   41 AAAKVKLEFDGEPLDLSETVEDLDLEDEDMLEVV 74

Ubiquitin-like protein (sentrin) [Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones];

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 442620615 327 SHNNNNVAAKIDYNPEalcRKP--KKFQVKVqADKWKHPLVIPMKKTDNFKIIFIKCAEELNCDPRTIKLFFDGDLLDPN 404
Cdd:COG5227    2 SSSDSGSEFKTNENPL---VKPitKHINLKV-VDQDGTELFFKIKKTTTFKKLMDAFSRRQGKNMSSLRFLFDGKRIDLD 77

                         90
                 ....*....|....*
gi 442620615 405 DTPNNQDMEGNEVID 419
Cdd:COG5227   78 QTPGDLDMEDNDEIE 92