HMG (high mobility group) box;

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 6678303     49 PKKPMSSYLRFSTEQLPKFKAKHPDAKLSELVRKIAALWRELPEAEKKVYEADFKAEWKAYKEAVSKY 116
Cdd:pfam00505   1 PKRPMSAFFLFSKEQRAKLKAENPGLKNAEISKILGEKWKALSEEEKKPYEEKAEKEKARYEKEHPEY 68

HMG (high mobility group) box;

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 6678303     49 PKKPMSSYLRFSTEQLPKFKAKHPDAKLSELVRKIAALWRELPEAEKKVYEADFKAEWKAYKEAVSKY 116
Cdd:pfam00505   1 PKRPMSAFFLFSKEQRAKLKAENPGLKNAEISKILGEKWKALSEEEKKPYEEKAEKEKARYEKEHPEY 68

high mobility group;

                           10        20        30        40        50        60
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 6678303      49 PKKPMSSYLRFSTEQLPKFKAKHPDAKLSELVRKIAALWRELPEAEKKVYEADFKAEWKAYKEAVSKYK 117
Cdd:smart00398   2 PKRPMSAFMLFSQENRAKIKAENPDLSNAEISKKLGERWKLLSEEEKAPYEEKAKKDKERYEEEMPEYK 70

HMG-box domain; This short 71 residue domain is an HMG-box domain. HMG-box domains mediate re-modelling of chromatin-structure. Mammalian HMG-box proteins are of two types: those that are non-sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins with two HMG-box domains and a long highly acidic C-tail; and a diverse group of sequence-specific transcription factor-proteins with either a single HMG-box or up to six copies, and no acidic C-tail.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 6678303    152 GKPKRPRSAYNIYVSESFQEAKDDSAQGKL----KLVNEAWKNLSPEEKQAYIQLAKDDRIRYDNEMKSWE 218
Cdd:pfam09011   2 NKPKRARNAYAFFVQEMIPEHKRQNPVIGFaevsKLCSERWKNLSEEEKEKYEEMAKEDKNRYDREMGTYD 72

high mobility group protein; Provisional

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 6678303   129 EKEARQRRLKKKALvkrrelillGKPKRPRSAYNIYVSESFQE--------AKDDSAQGKLklVNEAWKNLSPEEKQAYI 200
Cdd:PTZ00199   7 KVLVRKNKRKKKDP---------NAPKRALSAYMFFAKEKRAEiiaenpelAKDVAAVGKM--VGEAWNKLSEEEKAPYE 75

                         90
                 ....*....|....*....
gi 6678303   201 QLAKDDRIRYDNEMKSWEE 219
Cdd:PTZ00199  76 KKAQEDKVRYEKEKAEYAK 94

HMG (high mobility group) box;

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 6678303     49 PKKPMSSYLRFSTEQLPKFKAKHPDAKLSELVRKIAALWRELPEAEKKVYEADFKAEWKAYKEAVSKY 116
Cdd:pfam00505   1 PKRPMSAFFLFSKEQRAKLKAENPGLKNAEISKILGEKWKALSEEEKKPYEEKAEKEKARYEKEHPEY 68

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily E member 1 (SMARCE1) and similar proteins; SMARCE1, also called BRG1-associated factor 57 (BAF57), is a ubiquitously expressed protein involved in transcriptional activation and repression of select genes by chromatin remodeling. It is a component of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes that carry out key enzymatic activities, changing chromatin structure by altering DNA-histone contacts within a nucleosome in an ATP-dependent manner. SMARCE1 has a single HMG domain that displays non-specific DNA-binding characteristics. It also contains a kinesin-like coiled-coil (KLCC) domain.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 6678303   49 PKKPMSSYLRFSTEQLPKFKAKHPDAKLSELVRKIAALWRELPEAEKKVYEADFKAEWKAYKEAVSKYK 117
Cdd:cd21983   5 PEKPLMPYMRYSRKVWDQVKASNPDLKLWEIGKIIGQMWRELSDEEKQEYIEEYEAEKVEYEEQMKAYH 73

second high mobility group (HMG)-box found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondrial ARS-binding factor 2 (ABF2), intrastrand cross-link recognition protein (Ixr1) and similar proteins; ABF2 is a close relative of the nuclear, chromosomal high-mobility group protein HMG1 in yeast mitochondria. It specifically binds to the autonomously replicating sequence 1 (ARS1). It might play a positive role in gene expression and replication. Ixr1, also called structure-specific recognition protein (SSRP), is a homolog of the yeast mitochondrial regulator ABF2. It binds to platinated DNA and confers sensitivity to the anticancer drug cisplatin. Both ABF2 and Ixr1 contain two HMG-box domains. This model corresponds to the second one.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 6678303   49 PKKPMSSYLRFSTEQLPKFKAKHPDAKLSELVRKIAALWRELPEAEKKVYEADFKAEWKAYKE 111
Cdd:cd22012   2 PKRPASAYFLFAKEVRPKLKEENPNEKYTDITKLISEKWRSLDESEKEPYQEEYEKALEEYEE 64

Chromatin-associated proteins containing the HMG domain [Chromatin structure and dynamics];

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 6678303   49 PKKPMSSYLRFSTEQLPKFKAKHPDAKLSELVRKIAALWRELPEAEKKVYEADFKAEWKAYKEAVSKYKEQLTPSQLMGM 128
Cdd:COG5648  71 PKRPLSAYFLYSAENRDEIRKENPKLTFGEVGKLLSEKWKELTDEEKEPYYKEANSDRERYQREKEEYNKKLPNKAPIGP 150

                        90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 6678303  129 EKEARQRRLKKKalvkrrelillgKPKRPRSAYNIYVsesfqeakddsaqgklKLVNEAWKNLSPEEKQAYIQLAKDDRI 208
Cdd:COG5648 151 FIENEPKIRPKV------------EGPSPDKALVEET----------------KIISKAWSELDESKKKKYIDKYKKLKE 202

                ....*..
gi 6678303  209 RYDNEMK 215
Cdd:COG5648 203 EYDSFYP 209

first high mobility group (HMG)-box found in upstream-binding factor 1 (UBF1) and similar proteins; UBF1, also called UBTF, nucleolar transcription factor 1, or auto-antigen NOR-90, is a nucleolar transcription factor that recognizes the ribosomal RNA gene promoter and activates transcription mediated by RNA polymerase I through cooperative interactions with the transcription factor SL1/TIF-IB complex. It binds specifically to the upstream control element. UBF1 contains six HMG-box domains. This model corresponds to the first one. This model also includes the first HMG-box domain of upstream-binding factor 1-like protein 1 (UBTFL1), which contains two HMG-box domains.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 6678303   48 YPKKPMSSYLRFSTEQLPKFKAKHPDAKLSELVRKIAALWRELPEAEKKVYEADFKAEWKAYKEAVSKYKEQ 119
Cdd:cd21998   3 FPKKPLTPYFRFFMEKRAKYAKKHPEMSNLELTKILSKKYKELPEKKKQKYIQDYEKEKEEYEQKMARFREE 74

first high mobility group (HMG)-box found in Arabidopsis thaliana high mobility group B protein 6 (HMGB6) and similar proteins; HMGB6, also called nucleosome/chromatin assembly factor group D 06 (or D 6), WRKY transcription factor 53 (WRKY53), or WRKY DNA-binding protein 53, is a master regulator of age-induced leaf senescence. It acts in a complex transcription factor signaling network regulating senescence specific gene expression; hydrogen peroxide might be involved in signal transduction. The subfamily also includes Arabidopsis thaliana HMGB13 (also known as nucleosome/chromatin assembly factor group D 13). Both HMGB6 and HMGB13 contain three HMG-box domains. This model corresponds to the first one.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 6678303   50 KKPMSSYLRFSTEQLPKFKAKHPDAKLSELVRKIAALWRELPEAEKKVYEADFKAEWKAYKEAVSKYK 117
Cdd:cd22006   1 KKPKTAYFLWCKDQREEVKKENPNADFSEVSKILGAKWKNLSEEEKKPYEEKYKEEKEKYLKVVGEEK 68

third high mobility group (HMG)-box found in Arabidopsis thaliana high mobility group B protein 6 (HMGB6) and similar proteins; HMGB6, also called nucleosome/chromatin assembly factor group D 06 (or D 6), WRKY transcription factor 53 (WRKY53), or WRKY DNA-binding protein 53, is a master regulator of age-induced leaf senescence. It acts in a complex transcription factor signaling network regulating senescence specific gene expression; hydrogen peroxide might be involved in signal transduction. The subfamily also includes Arabidopsis thaliana HMGB13 (also known as nucleosome/chromatin assembly factor group D 13). Both HMGB6 and HMGB13 contain three HMG-box domains. This model corresponds to the third one.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 6678303   49 PKKPMSSYLRFSTEQLPKFKAKHPDAKLSELVRKIAALWRELPEAEKKVYEADFKAEWKAYKEAVSKYK 117
Cdd:cd22008  10 PKKPASSYLLFGKEYRKKLQEERPGANNATVTALISLKWKELGEEEKQVYNDKAAVLMEKYKKEVEEYN 78

sixth high mobility group (HMG)-box found in upstream-binding factor 1 (UBF1) and similar proteins; UBF1, also called UBTF, nucleolar transcription factor 1, or auto-antigen NOR-90, is a nucleolar transcription factor that recognizes the ribosomal RNA gene promoter and activates transcription mediated by RNA polymerase I through cooperative interactions with the transcription factor SL1/TIF-IB complex. It binds specifically to the upstream control element. UBF1 contains six HMG-box domains. This model corresponds to the sixth one. This model also includes the second HMG-box domain of upstream-binding factor 1-like protein 1 (UBTFL1), which contains two HMG-box domains.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 6678303   49 PKKP-MSSYLRFSTEQLPKFKAKHPDAKlsELVRKIAALWRELPEAEKKVYEADFKAEWKAYKEAVSKYKEQLTPSQL 125
Cdd:cd22003   3 PKKPpMSGYQLFSQEMLKNGELVHLSLK--ERMVEIAKRWKRLSESEKDKYKKKAEELQKQYKKKLDKYLKSLSPEER 78

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae high mobility group protein 1 (HMO1) and similar proteins; HMO1, also called high spontaneous mutagenesis protein 2 (HSM2), is a DNA-binding protein that is probably part of the rDNA transcription apparatus. It acts synergetically with the RPA49 subunit of RNA polymerase I during rDNA transcription. It may participate in mutagenesis control.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 6678303   49 PKKPMSSYLRFSTEQLPKFKAKHPDAKLSELVRKIAALWRELPEAEKKVYEADFKAEWKAYKEAVSKY 116
Cdd:cd22015   1 PKKPLTPYFAFSNHVRPQLKAERPKASPTEIAEEISERWANLSDEEKQLWEDKYEEEMKEYQKALEAY 68

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae non-histone chromosomal proteins NHP6A, NHP6B and similar proteins; This subfamily includes Saccharomyces cerevisiae high-mobility-group proteins NHP6A and its closely related paralog NHP6B. NHP6A and NHP6B seem to be functionally redundant. They are DNA-binding proteins that induce severe bending of DNA and are required for DNA-binding by the FACT complex, a general chromatin factor that acts to reorganize nucleosomes. They augment the fidelity of transcription by RNA polymerase III independently of any role in the FACT complex. They may also play essential roles in transcriptional initiation fidelity of some but not all tRNA genes.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 6678303   49 PKKPMSSYLRFSTEQLPKFKAKHPDAKLSELVRKIAALWRELPEAEKKVYEADFKAEWKAYKEAVSKY 116
Cdd:cd01390  14 PKRGLSAYMFFSQDNREKVKEENPDATFGEVGKLLGEKWKELSEEEKAPYEEKAAKDKKRYEEEKAAY 81

first high mobility group (HMG)-box found in the high mobility group protein B (HMGB) family; HMGB proteins are chromatin-associated nuclear proteins that act as architectural factors in nucleoprotein structures, which regulate DNA-dependent processes including transcription. In mammals, four family members are present: HMGB1, HMGB2, HMGB3 and HMGB4. They regulate the expression of a wide range of genes through architectural remodeling of the chromatin structure. HMGB1, also called high mobility group protein 1 (HMG-1), is a prototypical alarmin or damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule when released from cells. It plays important roles in the regulation of a wide range of processes, including transcription, replication, DNA repair, and nucleosome formation, in the nucleus. It also plays multiple roles in regulating inflammation and responses to cell and tissue stress. HMGB2, also called high mobility group protein 2 (HMG-2), has been implicated in numerous cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and tumor growth. It acts as a chromatin-associated nonhistone protein involved in transcriptional regulation and nucleic-acid-mediated innate immune responses in mammalian cells. It binds DNA to stabilize nucleosomes and promote transcription. HMGB3, also called high mobility group protein 2a (HMG-2a), or high mobility group protein 4 (HMG-4), is an X-linked member of the HMGB family that functions as a universal sentinel for nucleic acid-mediated innate immune responses. HMGB3 has been implicated in the regulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation, as well as inflammatory responses. HMGB4 is expressed by neuronal cells and affects the expression of genes involved in neural differentiation. It is a factor that regulates chromatin and expression of neuronal differentiation markers. This family also includes high mobility group protein B1 pseudogene 1 (HMGB1P1) and nuclear auto-antigen Sp-100. HMGB1P1, also called putative high mobility group protein B1-like 1 (HMGB1L1), or putative high mobility group protein 1-like 1 (HMG-1L1), is an HMG-box containing protein that binds preferentially single-stranded DNA and unwinds double-stranded DNA. Sp-100, also called nuclear dot-associated Sp100 protein, or speckled 100 kDa, is a tumor suppressor that is a major constituent of promyelocytic leukemia (PML) bodies, a subnuclear organelle involved in many physiological processes including cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis. Through the regulation of ETS1, Sp-100 may play a role in angiogenesis, controlling endothelial cell motility and invasion. It may also play roles in the regulation of telomere lengthening, TP53-mediated transcription, FAS-mediated apoptosis, etc. In addition, the family includes Drosophila melanogaster high mobility group protein DSP1 (dDSP1) and similar proteins. dDSP1, also called protein dorsal switch 1, binds preferentially to single-stranded DNA and unwinds double-stranded DNA. It converts Dorsal and nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B from transcriptional activators to repressors. Members of the HMGB family contain two HMG-box domains. This model corresponds to the first one.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 6678303  153 KPKRPRSAYNIYVSESFQEAK----DDSAQGK--LKLVNEAWKNLSPEEKQAYIQLAKDDRIRYDNEMK 215
Cdd:cd21978   1 KPRGKMSSYAFFVQTCREEHKkkhpNESVNFSefSKKCSERWKTMSAKEKKKFEDMAKKDKARYEREMK 69

first high mobility group (HMG)-box found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondrial ARS-binding factor 2 (ABF2) and similar proteins; ABF2 is a close relative of the nuclear, chromosomal high-mobility group protein HMG1 in yeast mitochondria. It specifically binds to the autonomously replicating sequence 1 (ARS1). It might play a positive role in gene expression and replication. ABF2 contains two HMG-box domains. This model corresponds to the first one.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 6678303   49 PKKPMSSYLRFSTEQLPKFKAKHPDAKLSELVRKIAALWRELPEAEKKVYEADFKAEWKAYKEAVSKY 116
Cdd:cd22010   1 PKRPLSAYFLYFQEHRSDFVKENPDAKMTEISKIGGDKWKNLSADDKKKYEDDFQRELSEYQKAKAEF 68

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in Arabidopsis thaliana high mobility group B protein 9 (HMGB9) and similar proteins; This subfamily contains a group of Arabidopsis thaliana HMGB family proteins, including HMGB9, 10, 11, and 15. They are DNA-binding proteins containing both HMG-box and AT-rich interaction domains. They bind preferentially to DNA with A/T-rich content. HMGB9 is required for karyogamy during female gametophyte development, when the two polar nuclei fuse to form the diploid central cell nucleus. Members of this subfamily have only one HMG-box domain.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 6678303  154 PKRPRSAYNIYVSESFQEAKDDSAQGK---LKLVNEAWKNLSPEEKQAYIQLAKDDRIRYDNEMKSW 217
Cdd:cd22009   1 PKPNRSGYNFFFAEQHARLKALYPGKDreiSKMIGEMWSNLTEEEKEVYQDKGVEDKERYKREMEEY 67

Chromatin-associated proteins containing the HMG domain [Chromatin structure and dynamics];

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 6678303  122 PSQLMGMEKEARQRRLKKKALVKRRELILLGKPKRPRSAYNIYVSESFQEAKDDSAQGKL----KLVNEAWKNLSPEEKQ 197
Cdd:COG5648  39 VELEKPLQQLLTKPRKKTKSKRLVRKKKDPNGPKRPLSAYFLYSAENRDEIRKENPKLTFgevgKLLSEKWKELTDEEKE 118

                        90       100
                ....*....|....*....|....*
gi 6678303  198 AYIQLAKDDRIRYDNEMKSWEEQMA 222
Cdd:COG5648 119 PYYKEANSDRERYQREKEEYNKKLP 143

second high mobility group (HMG)-box found in the high mobility group protein B (HMGB) family; HMGB proteins are chromatin-associated nuclear proteins that act as architectural factors in nucleoprotein structures, which regulate DNA-dependent processes including transcription. In mammals, four family members are present: HMGB1, HMGB2, HMGB3 and HMGB4. They regulate the expression of a wide range of genes through architectural remodeling of the chromatin structure. HMGB1, also called high mobility group protein 1 (HMG-1), is a prototypical alarmin or damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule when released from cells. It plays important roles in the regulation of a wide range of processes, including transcription, replication, DNA repair, and nucleosome formation, in the nucleus. It also plays multiple roles in regulating inflammation and responses to cell and tissue stress. HMGB2, also called high mobility group protein 2 (HMG-2), has been implicated in numerous cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and tumor growth. It acts as a chromatin-associated nonhistone protein involved in transcriptional regulation and nucleic-acid-mediated innate immune responses in mammalian. It binds DNA to stabilize nucleosomes and promote transcription. HMGB3, also called high mobility group protein 2a (HMG-2a), or high mobility group protein 4 (HMG-4), is an X-linked member of HMGB family and functions as a universal sentinel for nucleic acid-mediated innate immune responses. HMGB3 has been implicated in the regulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation, as well as inflammatory response. HMGB4 is expressed by neuronal cells and affects the expression of genes involved in neural differentiation. It is a factor that regulates chromatin and expression of neuronal differentiation markers. The family also includes high mobility group protein B1 pseudogene 1 (HMGB1P1) and nuclear auto-antigen Sp-100. HMGB1P1, also called putative high mobility group protein B1-like 1 (HMGB1L1), or putative high mobility group protein 1-like 1 (HMG-1L1), is an HMG-box containing protein that binds preferentially single-stranded DNA and unwinds double-stranded DNA. Sp-100, also called nuclear dot-associated Sp100 protein, or speckled 100 kDa. It is a tumor suppressor that is a major constituent of the promyelocytic leukemia (PML) bodies, a subnuclear organelle involved in many physiological processes including cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis. Through the regulation of ETS1, Sp-100 may play a role in angiogenesis, controlling endothelial cell motility and invasion. It may also play roles in the regulation of telomeres lengthening, TP53-mediated transcription, FAS-mediated apoptosis, etc. In addition, the family includes Drosophila melanogaster high mobility group protein DSP1 (dDSP1) and similar proteins. dDSP1, also called protein dorsal switch 1, is a Drosophila HMG1 protein that binds preferentially single-stranded DNA and unwinds double-stranded DNA. It converts Dorsal and nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B from transcriptional activators to repressors. Members of the HMGB family contain two HMG-box domains. This model corresponds to the second one.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 6678303   49 PKKPMSSYLRFSTEQLPKFKAKHPDAKLSELVRKIAALWRELPEAEKKVYEADfKAEWKA-YKEAVSKYK 117
Cdd:cd21979   3 PKRPPSAFFLFCSEHRPKIKGEHPGLSIGDVAKKLGEMWNNTSAKDKQPYEKK-AAKLKEkYEKDIAAYR 71

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae repressor ROX1 and similar proteins; This family includes class I members of the HMG-box superfamily of DNA-binding proteins, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae repressor ROX1, Schizosaccharomyces pombe mating-type M-specific polypeptide Mc (mat-Mc), Schizosaccharomyces pombe transcription factor ste11, Podospora anserina MAT+ sexual cell fertilization-promoting factor (FPR1), Podospora anserina sporulation minus regulator 2 (SMR2) and Candida albicans repressor of filamentous growth 1 (RFG1). These proteins contain a single HMG box, and bind the minor groove of DNA in a highly sequence-specific manner. ROX1, also called heme-dependent repression factor, or hypoxic function repressor, is a transcription factor that represses the expression of HEM13, COX5B, ANB1, CYC7 or AAC3. It binds to the DNA sequence 5'-RRRTAACAAGAG-3'. mat-Mc belongs to the mating type protein family, which contains sequence specific DNA-binding proteins that act as master switches in yeast differentiation by controlling gene expression in a cell type-specific fashion. mat-Mc is a positive regulator of MFM genes and is required for conjugation and efficient meiosis. Its HMG box recognizes the DNA sequence 5'-AACAAAG-3'. Ste11 is a key transcription factor for sexual development. It activates the transcription of the matp, matm, mei2, mfm, ste6 and rgs1 genes. It binds specifically to a DNA fragment carrying a 10-base motif 5'-TTCTTTGTTY-3'. FPR1 controls fertilization, probably by determining the mating type. SMR2 is a transcription factor that is required for post-fertilization events. It is required for the developmental events that occur in the female organ after fertilization. RFG1 is a transcription regulator that functions in both the positive and negative regulation of filamentous growth, depending upon environmental conditions.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 6678303   49 PKKPMSSYLRFSTEQLPKFKAKHPDAKLSELVRKIAALWRELPEAEKKVYEADFKAEWKAYKEAVSKYKEQ 119
Cdd:cd01389   1 IPRPPNAFILFRKEKHKQLRAQNPGLTNSEISKIIGKMWKNLSEEEKEPYKELAEEEKEEHKLKYPDYKYQ 71

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in high mobility group protein 20A (HMG20A) and similar proteins; HMG20A, also called HMG box-containing protein 20A, HMG domain-containing protein 1 (HMGXB1), HMG domain-containing protein HMGX1, HMGXB1, or iBRAF, is a chromatin-associated protein involved in neuronal differentiation and maturation. It is required for SNAI1-mediated epithelial to mesenchymal transition. HMG20A acts as an inhibitor of HMG20B.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 6678303   49 PKKPMSSYLRFSTEQLPKFKAKHPDAKLSELVRKIAALWRELPEAEKKVYEADFKAEWKAYKEAVSKYKE 118
Cdd:cd22017  21 PKAPLTGYVRFMNERREQLRAERPDVPFPEITRMLGNEWSKLPAEEKQRYLDEAEKDKERYMKELEQYQK 90

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae non-histone chromosomal proteins NHP6A, NHP6B and similar proteins; This subfamily includes Saccharomyces cerevisiae high-mobility-group proteins NHP6A and its closely related paralog NHP6B. NHP6A and NHP6B seem to be functionally redundant. They are DNA-binding proteins that induce severe bending of DNA and are required for DNA-binding by the FACT complex, a general chromatin factor that acts to reorganize nucleosomes. They augment the fidelity of transcription by RNA polymerase III independently of any role in the FACT complex. They may also play essential roles in transcriptional initiation fidelity of some but not all tRNA genes.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 6678303  154 PKRPRSAYNIYVS---ESFQEAKDDSAQGKL-KLVNEAWKNLSPEEKQAYIQLAKDDRIRYDNEMKSW 217
Cdd:cd01390  14 PKRGLSAYMFFSQdnrEKVKEENPDATFGEVgKLLGEKWKELSEEEKAPYEEKAAKDKKRYEEEKAAY 81

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in Arabidopsis thaliana high mobility group B protein 1 (HMGB1) and similar proteins; This subfamily contains a group of Arabidopsis thaliana HMGB family proteins, including HMGB1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 12 and 14. They bind preferentially to double-stranded DNA. HMGB1 modulates general plant growth and stress tolerance and confers sensitivity to salt and genotoxic (methyl methanesulfonate, MMS) stresses. HMGB2 and HMGB5 confer sensitivity to salt and drought stresses. HMGB7 is required for karyogamy during female gametophyte development, when the two polar nuclei fuse to form the diploid central cell nucleus. Members of this subfamily contain only one HMG-box domain.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 6678303   50 KKPMSSYLRFSTEQLPKFKAKHPDAKLSELVRKIAALWRELPEAEKKVYEAdfKAE 105
Cdd:cd22005   1 KRPPTAFFLFLADFRKTYKKKNPDKSVKAVGKAAGEKWKSMSDEEKAPYVE--KAE 54

first high mobility group (HMG)-box found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae intrastrand cross-link recognition protein (Ixr1) and similar proteins; Ixr1, also called structure-specific recognition protein (SSRP), is a homolog of the yeast mitochondrial regulator ABF2. It binds to platinated DNA and confers sensitivity to the anticancer drug cisplatin. Ixr1 contains two HMG-box domains. This model corresponds to the first one.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 6678303  154 PKRPRSAYNIYVSEsfqEAKDDSAQGK--------LKLVNEAWKNLSPEEKQAYIQLAKDDRIRYDNEMKSWE 218
Cdd:cd22011   1 PKRPSSAYFLFSQE---IRKNLKSQGSpeekvpelSKRAAEQWRSLTLAEKQPYYDEVEVLKKQYDVEKEEYE 70

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae non-histone protein 10 (NHP10) and similar proteins; NHP10, also called high mobility group protein 2, is probably involved in transcription regulation via its interaction with the INO80 complex, a chromatin remodeling complex.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 6678303  154 PKRPRSAYNIY-------VSESFQEAKDDSAQGKL-KLVNEAWKNLSPEEKQAYIQLAKDDRIRYDNEMKSW 217
Cdd:cd22016   8 PKRPANAFFLFcqeqrekVREEYKEEHQEIDHHDLtKALAQAWRNLDAEDKKPYYELYEKDKERYEKEMEEY 79

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in WD repeat and HMG-box DNA-binding protein 1 (WDHD1) and similar proteins; WDHD1, also called acidic nucleoplasmic DNA-binding protein 1 (And-1), acts as a replication initiation factor that brings together the MCM2-7 helicase and the DNA polymerase alpha/primase complex in order to initiate DNA replication.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 6678303   49 PKKPMSSYLRFSTEQLPKFKAKHPDAKLSELVRKIAALWRELPEAEKKVYE 99
Cdd:cd21993   2 NKKKKSGFQLWLEENRSSIEEENPELSEAEIIKLAMQRFRALPKEEKQKWN 52

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in HMG domain-containing protein 4 (HMGXB4) and similar proteins; HMGXB4, also called HMG box-containing protein 4, high mobility group protein 2-like 1 (HMG2L1), or protein HMGBCG, is a non-histone chromosomal protein that negatively regulates Wnt/beta-catenin signaling during development. It plays a role in the hematopoietic system.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 6678303   50 KKPMSSYLRFSTEQLPKFKAKHPDAKLSELVRKIAALWRELPEAEKKVYEAdfKAEWKAYKE 111
Cdd:cd21982   2 KKNMSAYQVFCKEYRVSIVAEHPGIDFGELSKKLAEVWKQLPEKDKLVWKQ--KAQYLQHKQ 61

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in PMS1 protein homolog 1 (PMS1) and similar proteins; PMS1, also called DNA mismatch repair protein PMS1, is probably involved in the repair of mismatches in DNA.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 6678303   50 KKPMSSYLRFSTEQLPKFKAKHPDAKLSELVRKIAALWRELPEAEKKVYEADFKAEWKAYKEAVSKYKEQ 119
Cdd:cd21985   3 RKPMSASALFEQETRPQFLAENPKASLQDITLKIEERWKNLSEEEKKKYEEKAAKDLERYNSQKKRAAEQ 72

first high mobility group (HMG)-box found in the high mobility group protein B (HMGB) family; HMGB proteins are chromatin-associated nuclear proteins that act as architectural factors in nucleoprotein structures, which regulate DNA-dependent processes including transcription. In mammals, four family members are present: HMGB1, HMGB2, HMGB3 and HMGB4. They regulate the expression of a wide range of genes through architectural remodeling of the chromatin structure. HMGB1, also called high mobility group protein 1 (HMG-1), is a prototypical alarmin or damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule when released from cells. It plays important roles in the regulation of a wide range of processes, including transcription, replication, DNA repair, and nucleosome formation, in the nucleus. It also plays multiple roles in regulating inflammation and responses to cell and tissue stress. HMGB2, also called high mobility group protein 2 (HMG-2), has been implicated in numerous cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and tumor growth. It acts as a chromatin-associated nonhistone protein involved in transcriptional regulation and nucleic-acid-mediated innate immune responses in mammalian cells. It binds DNA to stabilize nucleosomes and promote transcription. HMGB3, also called high mobility group protein 2a (HMG-2a), or high mobility group protein 4 (HMG-4), is an X-linked member of the HMGB family that functions as a universal sentinel for nucleic acid-mediated innate immune responses. HMGB3 has been implicated in the regulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation, as well as inflammatory responses. HMGB4 is expressed by neuronal cells and affects the expression of genes involved in neural differentiation. It is a factor that regulates chromatin and expression of neuronal differentiation markers. This family also includes high mobility group protein B1 pseudogene 1 (HMGB1P1) and nuclear auto-antigen Sp-100. HMGB1P1, also called putative high mobility group protein B1-like 1 (HMGB1L1), or putative high mobility group protein 1-like 1 (HMG-1L1), is an HMG-box containing protein that binds preferentially single-stranded DNA and unwinds double-stranded DNA. Sp-100, also called nuclear dot-associated Sp100 protein, or speckled 100 kDa, is a tumor suppressor that is a major constituent of promyelocytic leukemia (PML) bodies, a subnuclear organelle involved in many physiological processes including cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis. Through the regulation of ETS1, Sp-100 may play a role in angiogenesis, controlling endothelial cell motility and invasion. It may also play roles in the regulation of telomere lengthening, TP53-mediated transcription, FAS-mediated apoptosis, etc. In addition, the family includes Drosophila melanogaster high mobility group protein DSP1 (dDSP1) and similar proteins. dDSP1, also called protein dorsal switch 1, binds preferentially to single-stranded DNA and unwinds double-stranded DNA. It converts Dorsal and nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B from transcriptional activators to repressors. Members of the HMGB family contain two HMG-box domains. This model corresponds to the first one.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 6678303   49 PKKPMSSYLRFSTEQLPKFKAKHPDA--KLSELVRKIAALWRELPEAEKKVYEA 100
Cdd:cd21978   2 PRGKMSSYAFFVQTCREEHKKKHPNEsvNFSEFSKKCSERWKTMSAKEKKKFED 55

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in sex-determining region Y (SRY)-box (SOX) family transcription factors; The SOX gene family of transcription factors are characterized by the evolutionarily conserved SRY-type HMG box, which is a DNA binding domain that binds the minor groove of DNA on a common consensus site, (A/T)(A/T)CAA(A/T)G but with different levels of efficiency. Members include SRY and its homologs identified in mammals that can be subdivided into 8 groups (A, B1, B2, C, D, E, F, G, H). They are involved in embryonic development, regulating processes such as cell differentiation, maintenance of stemness, sex determination, and development of the central nervous, haematopoietic and other organ systems. The SOX gene family has a crucial role in carcinogenesis and cancer progression.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 6678303   50 KKPMSSYLRFSTEQLPKFKAKHPDAKLSELVRKIAALWRELPEAEKKVY 98
Cdd:cd22004   3 KRPMNAFMVWSQQERKKIAKQNPKLHNSEISKILGKEWKKLTEEEKRPY 51

second high mobility group (HMG)-box found in Arabidopsis thaliana high mobility group B protein 6 (HMGB6) and similar proteins; HMGB6, also called nucleosome/chromatin assembly factor group D 06 (or D 6), WRKY transcription factor 53 (WRKY53), or WRKY DNA-binding protein 53, is a master regulator of age-induced leaf senescence. It acts in a complex transcription factor signaling network regulating senescence specific gene expression; hydrogen peroxide might be involved in signal transduction. The subfamily also includes Arabidopsis thaliana HMGB13 (also known as nucleosome/chromatin assembly factor group D 13). Both HMGB6 and HMGB13 contain three HMG-box domains. This model corresponds to the second one.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 6678303  154 PKRPRSAYNIYVSESFQEAKDDSAQGKL----KLVNEAWKNLSPEEKQAYIQLAKDDRIRYDNEMKSW 217
Cdd:cd22007   1 PKRPQSAYFLYANDRRAALKEENKNVKIteiaKMLGAEWKNLSDAKKKPYEEKAKKLKEAYLQEMEEY 68

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae high mobility group protein 1 (HMO1) and similar proteins; HMO1, also called high spontaneous mutagenesis protein 2 (HSM2), is a DNA-binding protein that is probably part of the rDNA transcription apparatus. It acts synergetically with the RPA49 subunit of RNA polymerase I during rDNA transcription. It may participate in mutagenesis control.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 6678303  154 PKRPRSAYNIYVSESFQEAKDDSAQGKLKLVNEA----WKNLSPEEKQAYiqlakddRIRYDNEMKSWEEQMA 222
Cdd:cd22015   1 PKKPLTPYFAFSNHVRPQLKAERPKASPTEIAEEiserWANLSDEEKQLW-------EDKYEEEMKEYQKALE 66

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in PMS1 protein homolog 1 (PMS1) and similar proteins; PMS1, also called DNA mismatch repair protein PMS1, is probably involved in the repair of mismatches in DNA.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 6678303  155 KRPRSAYNIYVSES----FQEAKDDSAQGKLKLVNEAWKNLSPEEKQAYIQLAKDDRIRYDNEMKSWEEQ 220
Cdd:cd21985   3 RKPMSASALFEQETrpqfLAENPKASLQDITLKIEERWKNLSEEEKKKYEEKAAKDLERYNSQKKRAAEQ 72

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in group A, group B and group G of SRY-related high-mobility group (HMG) box (Sox) transcription factors; This subfamily includes SoxA, SoxB, and SoxG proteins. SRY is the only member of group A SRY-related high-mobility group (HMG) box (Sox) transcription factors. SRY, also called testis-determining factor, is a transcriptional regulator that controls a genetic switch in male development. It promotes DNA bending and is also involved in pre-mRNA splicing. The SRY HMG box recognizes DNA by partial intercalation in the minor groove. It binds to the DNA consensus sequence 5'-[AT]AACAA[AT]-3'. SoxB transcription factors play critical roles in the regulation of neurogenesis. They can be divided into two main subgroups, SoxB1 (Sox-1/Sox-2/Sox-3) and SoxB2 (SOX-14/SOX-21). SoxB1 proteins suppress neurogenesis by maintaining neural cells in an undifferentiated state. SoxB2 proteins may have the opposite activity and promote neuronal differentiation. SOX-5 is the only member of group G Sox transcription factors. It is also called SOX-12, SOX-20, SOX-26, or SOX-27. SOX-5 is a crucial transcription factor involved in the regulation of embryonic development and in cell fate determination. It binds to the 5'-AACAAT-3' sequence. SOX-15 can be a tumor suppressor in multiple cancer types.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 6678303   50 KKPMSSYLRFSTEQLPKFKAKHPDAKLSELVRKIAALWRELPEAEKKVY 98
Cdd:cd22028   3 KRPMNAFMVWSREQRRKIAQENPKMHNSEISKRLGAEWKQLSEDEKRPF 51

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae repressor ROX1 and similar proteins; This family includes class I members of the HMG-box superfamily of DNA-binding proteins, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae repressor ROX1, Schizosaccharomyces pombe mating-type M-specific polypeptide Mc (mat-Mc), Schizosaccharomyces pombe transcription factor ste11, Podospora anserina MAT+ sexual cell fertilization-promoting factor (FPR1), Podospora anserina sporulation minus regulator 2 (SMR2) and Candida albicans repressor of filamentous growth 1 (RFG1). These proteins contain a single HMG box, and bind the minor groove of DNA in a highly sequence-specific manner. ROX1, also called heme-dependent repression factor, or hypoxic function repressor, is a transcription factor that represses the expression of HEM13, COX5B, ANB1, CYC7 or AAC3. It binds to the DNA sequence 5'-RRRTAACAAGAG-3'. mat-Mc belongs to the mating type protein family, which contains sequence specific DNA-binding proteins that act as master switches in yeast differentiation by controlling gene expression in a cell type-specific fashion. mat-Mc is a positive regulator of MFM genes and is required for conjugation and efficient meiosis. Its HMG box recognizes the DNA sequence 5'-AACAAAG-3'. Ste11 is a key transcription factor for sexual development. It activates the transcription of the matp, matm, mei2, mfm, ste6 and rgs1 genes. It binds specifically to a DNA fragment carrying a 10-base motif 5'-TTCTTTGTTY-3'. FPR1 controls fertilization, probably by determining the mating type. SMR2 is a transcription factor that is required for post-fertilization events. It is required for the developmental events that occur in the female organ after fertilization. RFG1 is a transcription regulator that functions in both the positive and negative regulation of filamentous growth, depending upon environmental conditions.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 6678303  154 PKRPRSAYNIYVSE---SFQEAKDDSAQGKL-KLVNEAWKNLSPEEKQAYIQLAK 204
Cdd:cd01389   1 IPRPPNAFILFRKEkhkQLRAQNPGLTNSEIsKIIGKMWKNLSEEEKEPYKELAE 55

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in Arabidopsis thaliana FACT complex subunit SSRP1 and similar proteins; SSRP1, also called facilitates chromatin transcription complex subunit SSRP1, high mobility group B protein 8, nucleosome/chromatin assembly factor group D 08 (or D 8), protein NUCLEAR FUSION DEFECTIVE 8, or recombination signal sequence recognition protein 1, is a component of the FACT complex, a general chromatin factor that acts to reorganize nucleosomes. The FACT complex is involved in multiple processes that require DNA as a template such as mRNA elongation, DNA replication, and DNA repair. SSRP1 may bind specifically to double-stranded DNA. It is required for karyogamy during female gametophyte development, when the two polar nuclei fuse to form the diploid central cell nucleus. SSRP1 contains only one HMG-box domain.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 6678303  154 PKRPRSAYNIYVSESFQEAKDDSAQGKL----KLVNEAWKNLSPEEKQAYIQLAKDDRIRYDNEMKSW 217
Cdd:cd22013   9 PKRALSGFMFFSLMERENLKKEKPGISFgevgKVLGEKWKNMSADDKAPYEAKAQVDKERYKKEMSGY 76

second high mobility group (HMG)-box found in upstream-binding factor 1 (UBF1) and similar proteins; UBF1, also called UBTF, nucleolar transcription factor 1, or auto-antigen NOR-90, is a nucleolar transcription factor that recognizes the ribosomal RNA gene promoter and activates transcription mediated by RNA polymerase I through cooperative interactions with the transcription factor SL1/TIF-IB complex. It binds specifically to the upstream control element. UBF1 contains six HMG-box domains. This model corresponds to the second one.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 6678303  154 PKRPRSAYNIYVS---ESFQEAKDDSAQGKLKLVnEAWKNLSPEEKQAYIQLAKDDRIRYDNEMK 215
Cdd:cd21999   1 PKKPKTPFQLFYNkelKKLEPGTPDKKELKEKLR-EKWKQMSDKKKLKWINKALEDEKRYEEELK 64