C2 domain; The C2 domain was first identified in PKC. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 15221718   4 GTLEVVLVSAKGLEDADFLNNMDPYVQLTCRTQDQKSNVAEGMGTTPEWNETFIFTVSEG----TTELKAKIFDKDVGTE 79
Cdd:cd04049   1 GTLEVLLISAKGLQDTDFLGKIDPYVIIQCRTQERKSKVAKGDGRNPEWNEKFKFTVEYPgwggDTKLILRIMDKDNFSD 80

                        90       100       110       120
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 15221718  80 DDAVGEATIPLEPVFVEGSIPPTAYNVVKDEEYKGEIWVALSFK 123
Cdd:cd04049  81 DDFIGEATIHLKGLFEEGVEPGTAELVPAKYNVVLEDDTYKGEI 124

C2 domain present in the putative elicitor-responsive gene; In plants elicitor-responsive proteins are triggered in response to specific elicitor molecules such as glycolproteins, peptides, carbohydrates and lipids. A host of defensive responses are also triggered resulting in localized cell death. Antimicrobial secondary metabolites, such as phytoalexins, or defense-related proteins, including pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins are also produced. There is a single C2 domain present here. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. Members have a type-II topology.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 15221718   4 GTLEVVLVSAKGLEDADFLNNMDPYVQLTCRTQDQKSNVAEGMGTTPEWNETFIFTVSEG----TTELKAKIFDKDVGTE 79
Cdd:cd04049   1 GTLEVLLISAKGLQDTDFLGKIDPYVIIQCRTQERKSKVAKGDGRNPEWNEKFKFTVEYPgwggDTKLILRIMDKDNFSD 80

                        90       100       110       120
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 15221718  80 DDAVGEATIPLEPVFVEGSIPPTAYNVVKDEEYKGEIWVALSFK 123
Cdd:cd04049  81 DDFIGEATIHLKGLFEEGVEPGTAELVPAKYNVVLEDDTYKGEI 124

Protein kinase C conserved region 2 (CalB); Ca2+-binding motif present in phospholipases, protein kinases C, and synaptotagmins (among others). Some do not appear to contain Ca2+-binding sites. Particular C2s appear to bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Unusual occurrence in perforin. Synaptotagmin and PLC C2s are permuted in sequence with respect to N- and C-terminal beta strands. SMART detects C2 domains using one or both of two profiles.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 15221718      5 TLEVVLVSAKGLEDADFLNNMDPYVQLTCRTQD---QKSNVAEGMGtTPEWNETFIFTVSE-GTTELKAKIFDKDVGTED 80
Cdd:smart00239   1 TLTVKIISARNLPPKDKGGKSDPYVKVSLDGDPkekKKTKVVKNTL-NPVWNETFEFEVPPpELAELEIEVYDKDRFGRD 79

                           90       100
                   ....*....|....*....|.
gi 15221718     81 DAVGEATIPLEPVFVEGSIPP 101
Cdd:smart00239  80 DFIGQVTIPLSDLLLGGRHEK 100

C2 domain present in the putative elicitor-responsive gene; In plants elicitor-responsive proteins are triggered in response to specific elicitor molecules such as glycolproteins, peptides, carbohydrates and lipids. A host of defensive responses are also triggered resulting in localized cell death. Antimicrobial secondary metabolites, such as phytoalexins, or defense-related proteins, including pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins are also produced. There is a single C2 domain present here. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. Members have a type-II topology.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 15221718   4 GTLEVVLVSAKGLEDADFLNNMDPYVQLTCRTQDQKSNVAEGMGTTPEWNETFIFTVSEG----TTELKAKIFDKDVGTE 79
Cdd:cd04049   1 GTLEVLLISAKGLQDTDFLGKIDPYVIIQCRTQERKSKVAKGDGRNPEWNEKFKFTVEYPgwggDTKLILRIMDKDNFSD 80

                        90       100       110       120
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 15221718  80 DDAVGEATIPLEPVFVEGSIPPTAYNVVKDEEYKGEIWVALSFK 123
Cdd:cd04049  81 DDFIGEATIHLKGLFEEGVEPGTAELVPAKYNVVLEDDTYKGEI 124

C2 domain; The C2 domain was first identified in PKC. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 15221718   6 LEVVLVSAKGLEDADFLNNMDPYVQLTC-RTQDQKSNVAEGmGTTPEWNETFIFTVSEG-TTELKAKIFDKDVGTEDDAV 83
Cdd:cd00030   1 LRVTVIEARNLPAKDLNGKSDPYVKVSLgGKQKFKTKVVKN-TLNPVWNETFEFPVLDPeSDTLTVEVWDKDRFSKDDFL 79

                        90       100
                ....*....|....*....|..
gi 15221718  84 GEATIPLEPVFVEGSIPPTAYN 105
Cdd:cd00030  80 GEVEIPLSELLDSGKEGELWLP 101

C2 domain present in Arf GTPase Activating Proteins (GAP); ArfGAP is a GTPase activating protein which regulates the ADP ribosylation factor Arf, a member of the Ras superfamily of GTP-binding proteins. The GTP-bound form of Arf is involved in Golgi morphology and is involved in recruiting coat proteins. ArfGAP is responsible for the GDP-bound form of Arf which is necessary for uncoating the membrane and allowing the Golgi to fuse with an acceptor compartment. These proteins contain an N-terminal ArfGAP domain containing the characteristic zinc finger motif (Cys-x2-Cys-x(16,17)-x2-Cys) and C-terminal C2 domain. C2 domains were first identified in Protein Kinase C (PKC). C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 15221718   4 GTLEVVLVSAKGLEDADFLNNmDPYVQLTCRTQDQKSNVAEGmGTTPEWNETFIFTVSEGTTELKAKIFDKDVGTEDDAV 83
Cdd:cd04038   2 GLLKVRVVRGTNLAVRDFTSS-DPYVVLTLGNQKVKTRVIKK-NLNPVWNEELTLSVPNPMAPLKLEVFDKDTFSKDDSM 79

                        90
                ....*....|...
gi 15221718  84 GEATIPLEPvFVE 96
Cdd:cd04038  80 GEAEIDLEP-LVE 91

C2 domain present in Soybean genes Regulated by Cold 2 (SRC2)-like proteins; SRC2 production is a response to pathogen infiltration. The initial response of increased Ca2+ concentrations are coupled to downstream signal transduction pathways via calcium binding proteins. SRC2 contains a single C2 domain which localizes to the plasma membrane and is involved in Ca2+ dependent protein binding. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 15221718   5 TLEVVLVSAKGLEDADFLNNMDPYVQLTCRTQD-QKSNVAEGMGTTPEWNETFIFTVSE-----GTTELKAKIFDKDVGT 78
Cdd:cd04051   1 TLEITIISAEDLKNVNLFGKMKVYAVVWIDPSHkQSTPVDRDGGTNPTWNETLRFPLDErllqqGRLALTIEVYCERPSL 80

                        90       100
                ....*....|....*....|...
gi 15221718  79 EDDAVGEATIPLEPVFVEGSIPP 101
Cdd:cd04051  81 GDKLIGEVRVPLKDLLDGASPAG 103

C2 domain first repeat present in Tricalbin-like proteins; 5 to 6 copies of the C2 domain are present in Tricalbin, a yeast homolog of Synaptotagmin, which is involved in membrane trafficking and sorting. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the first C2 repeat, C2A, and has a type-II topology.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 15221718   4 GTLEVVLVSAKGLEDADFLNN-MDPYVQLT--CRTQDQKSNVAEGmGTTPEWNETFIFTVSEGTTELKAKIFDKDVGTED 80
Cdd:cd04044   2 GVLAVTIKSARGLKGSDIIGGtVDPYVTFSisNRRELARTKVKKD-TSNPVWNETKYILVNSLTEPLNLTVYDFNDKRKD 80

                        90       100       110       120
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 15221718  81 DAVGEATIPLEPVFVEGSIPPTAYNVVKDEEYKGEIWVALSFKP 124
Cdd:cd04044  81 KLIGTAEFDLSSLLQNPEQENLTKNLLRNGKPVGELNYDLRFFP 124

C2 domain found in the Human chromosome 21 open reading frame 25 (C21orf25) protein; The members in this cd are named after the Human C21orf25 which contains a single C2 domain. Several other members contain a C1 domain downstream of the C2 domain. No other information on this protein is currently known. The C2 domain was first identified in PKC. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 15221718  25 MDPYVQLTCRTQDQKSNVAEGMGTT-PEWNETFIFTVSEGTTELKAKIFDKDVGTEDDAVGEATIPLE 91
Cdd:cd08678  18 SNPYCVLEMDEPPQKYQSSTQKNTSnPFWDEHFLFELSPNSKELLFEVYDNGKKSDSKFLGLAIVPFD 85

C2 domain third repeat found in Multiple C2 domain and Transmembrane region Proteins (MCTP); MCTPs are involved in Ca2+ signaling at the membrane. The cds in this family contain multiple C2 domains as well as a C-terminal PRT domain. It is one of four protein classes that are anchored to membranes via a transmembrane region; the others being synaptotagmins, extended synaptotagmins, and ferlins. MCTPs are the only membrane-bound C2 domain proteins that contain two functional TMRs. MCTPs are unique in that they bind Ca2+ but not phospholipids. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the third C2 repeat, C2C, and has a type-II topology.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 15221718   4 GTLEVVLVSAKGLEDADFLNNMDPYVQLTC-----RTQDQKSNVaegmgtTPEWNETFIFTVSEGTTELKAKIFDKDVGT 78
Cdd:cd08377   1 GFLQVKVIRASGLAAADIGGKSDPFCVLELvnarlQTHTIYKTL------NPEWNKIFTFPIKDIHDVLEVTVYDEDKDK 74

                        90
                ....*....|..
gi 15221718  79 EDDAVGEATIPL 90
Cdd:cd08377  75 KPEFLGKVAIPL 86

C2 domain fourth repeat present in Tricalbin-like proteins; 5 to 6 copies of the C2 domain are present in Tricalbin, a yeast homolog of Synaptotagmin, which is involved in membrane trafficking and sorting. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the fifth C2 repeat, C2E, and has a type-II topology.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 15221718   6 LEVVLVSAKGLEDADFLNNMDPYVQLTC------RTQDQKSNVaegmgtTPEWNETFIFTV-SEGTTELKAKIFDKDVGT 78
Cdd:cd04040   1 LTVDVISAENLPSADRNGKSDPFVKFYLngekvfKTKTIKKTL------NPVWNESFEVPVpSRVRAVLKVEVYDWDRGG 74

                        90       100
                ....*....|....*....|
gi 15221718  79 EDDAVGEATIPLEPVFVEGS 98
Cdd:cd04040  75 KDDLLGSAYIDLSDLEPEET 94

C2 domain second repeat present in Rabphilin and Double C2 domain; Rabphilin is found neurons and in neuroendrocrine cells, while Doc2 is found not only in the brain but in tissues, including mast cells, chromaffin cells, and osteoblasts. Rabphilin and Doc2s share highly homologous tandem C2 domains, although their N-terminal structures are completely different: rabphilin contains an N-terminal Rab-binding domain (RBD),7 whereas Doc2 contains an N-terminal Munc13-1-interacting domain (MID). C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the second C2 repeat, C2B, and has a type-I topology.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 15221718   4 GTLEVVLVSAKGLEDADFLNNMDPYVQLTCR-----TQDQKSNVAEgMGTTPEWNETFIFTVSEgtTELKAK-----IFD 73
Cdd:cd08384  13 RGLIVGIIRCVNLAAMDANGYSDPFVKLYLKpdagkKSKHKTQVKK-KTLNPEFNEEFFYDIKH--SDLAKKtleitVWD 89

                        90
                ....*....|.
gi 15221718  74 KDVGTEDDAVG 84
Cdd:cd08384  90 KDIGKSNDYIG 100

C2 domain fifth repeat in Ferlin; Ferlins are involved in vesicle fusion events. Ferlins and other proteins, such as Synaptotagmins, are implicated in facilitating the fusion process when cell membranes fuse together. There are six known human Ferlins: Dysferlin (Fer1L1), Otoferlin (Fer1L2), Myoferlin (Fer1L3), Fer1L4, Fer1L5, and Fer1L6. Defects in these genes can lead to a wide range of diseases including muscular dystrophy (dysferlin), deafness (otoferlin), and infertility (fer-1, fertilization factor-1). Structurally they have 6 tandem C2 domains, designated as (C2A-C2F) and a single C-terminal transmembrane domain, though there is a new study that disputes this and claims that there are actually 7 tandem C2 domains with another C2 domain inserted between C2D and C2E. In a subset of them (Dysferlin, Myoferlin, and Fer1) there is an additional conserved domain called DysF. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the fifth C2 repeat, C2E, and has a type-II topology.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 15221718  11 VSAKGLEDADFLNNMDPYVQLTCR--TQDQKSNVAEGmGTTPEWNETFIFTVS-EGTTELKAKIFDKDVGTEDDAVGEAT 87
Cdd:cd04037   7 VRARNLQPKDPNGKSDPYLKIKLGkkKINDRDNYIPN-TLNPVFGKMFELEATlPGNSILKISVMDYDLLGSDDLIGETV 85

                ....
gi 15221718  88 IPLE 91
Cdd:cd04037  86 IDLE 89

C2A domain first repeat present in Synaptotagmin 7; Synaptotagmin is a membrane-trafficking protein characterized by a N-terminal transmembrane region, a linker, and 2 C-terminal C2 domains. Synaptotagmin 7, a member of class 2 synaptotagmins, is located in presynaptic plasma membranes in neurons, dense-core vesicles in endocrine cells, and lysosomes in fibroblasts. It has been shown to play a role in regulation of Ca2+-dependent lysosomal exocytosis in fibroblasts and may also function as a vesicular Ca2+-sensor. It is distinguished from the other synaptotagmins by having over 12 splice forms. Previously all synaptotagmins were thought to be calcium sensors in the regulation of neurotransmitter release and hormone secretion, but it has been shown that not all of them bind calcium. Of the 17 identified synaptotagmins only 8 bind calcium (1-3, 5-7, 9, 10). The function of the two C2 domains that bind calcium are: regulating the fusion step of synaptic vesicle exocytosis (C2A) and binding to phosphatidyl-inositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) in the absence of calcium ions and to phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) in their presence (C2B). C2B also regulates also the recycling step of synaptic vesicles. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the first C2 repeat, C2A, and has a type-I topology.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 15221718   5 TLEVVLVSAKGLEDADFLNNMDPYVQlTCRTQDQKSNvaegMGT-------TPEWNETFIFtvsEGTTELKAK------- 70
Cdd:cd08386  17 TLTLKILKAVELPAKDFSGTSDPFVK-IYLLPDKKHK----LETkvkrknlNPHWNETFLF---EGFPYEKLQqrvlylq 88

                        90       100
                ....*....|....*....|...
gi 15221718  71 IFDKDVGTEDDAVGEATIPLEPV 93
Cdd:cd08386  89 VLDYDRFSRNDPIGEVSLPLNKV 111

C2 domain second repeat present in Synaptotagmin; Synaptotagmin is a membrane-trafficking protein characterized by a N-terminal transmembrane region, a linker, and 2 C-terminal C2 domains. There are several classes of Synaptotagmins. Previously all synaptotagmins were thought to be calcium sensors in the regulation of neurotransmitter release and hormone secretion, but it has been shown that not all of them bind calcium. Of the 17 identified synaptotagmins only 8 bind calcium (1-3, 5-7, 9, 10). The function of the two C2 domains that bind calcium are: regulating the fusion step of synaptic vesicle exocytosis (C2A) and binding to phosphatidyl-inositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) in the absence of calcium ions and to phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) in their presence (C2B). C2B also regulates also the recycling step of synaptic vesicles. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the second C2 repeat, C2B, and has a type-I topology.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 15221718   4 GTLEVVLVSAKGLEDADFLNNMDPYVQLTCRTQDQ---KSNVAEGMGTT-PEWNETFIFTVSEGTTE---LKAKIFDKDV 76
Cdd:cd00276  14 ERLTVVVLKARNLPPSDGKGLSDPYVKVSLLQGGKklkKKKTSVKKGTLnPVFNEAFSFDVPAEQLEevsLVITVVDKDS 93

                        90
                ....*....|....*
gi 15221718  77 GTEDDAVGEATIPLE 91
Cdd:cd00276  94 VGRNEVIGQVVLGPD 108

C2 domain second repeat in Ferlin; Ferlins are involved in vesicle fusion events. Ferlins and other proteins, such as Synaptotagmins, are implicated in facilitating the fusion process when cell membranes fuse together. There are six known human Ferlins: Dysferlin (Fer1L1), Otoferlin (Fer1L2), Myoferlin (Fer1L3), Fer1L4, Fer1L5, and Fer1L6. Defects in these genes can lead to a wide range of diseases including muscular dystrophy (dysferlin), deafness (otoferlin), and infertility (fer-1, fertilization factor-1). Structurally they have 6 tandem C2 domains, designated as (C2A-C2F) and a single C-terminal transmembrane domain, though there is a new study that disputes this and claims that there are actually 7 tandem C2 domains with another C2 domain inserted between C2D and C2E. In a subset of them (Dysferlin, Myoferlin, and Fer1) there is an additional conserved domain called DysF. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the second C2 repeat, C2B, and has a type-II topology.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 15221718  23 NNMDPYVQLTCRTQDQKSNVAEGMgTTPEWNETFIFTVSEGTTELKAKI-----FDKDVGTEDDAVGE 85
Cdd:cd04011  19 GNIDPVVKVEVGGQKKYTSVKKGT-NCPFYNEYFFFNFHESPDELFDKIikisvYDSRSLRSDTLIGS 85

C2 domain first repeat found in Multiple C2 domain and Transmembrane region Proteins (MCTP); MCTPs are involved in Ca2+ signaling at the membrane. MCTP is composed of a variable N-terminal sequence, three C2 domains, two transmembrane regions (TMRs), and a short C-terminal sequence. It is one of four protein classes that are anchored to membranes via a transmembrane region; the others being synaptotagmins, extended synaptotagmins, and ferlins. MCTPs are the only membrane-bound C2 domain proteins that contain two functional TMRs. MCTPs are unique in that they bind Ca2+ but not phospholipids. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the first C2 repeat, C2A, and has a type-II topology.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 15221718  50 PEWNETFIFTVSEGTTELKAKIFDKDVGTEDDAVGEATIPL 90
Cdd:cd04042  46 PVWDEKFTLPIEDVTQPLYIKVFDYDRGLTDDFMGSAFVDL 86

C2A domain first repeat present in Synaptotagmin 8; Synaptotagmin is a membrane-trafficking protein characterized by a N-terminal transmembrane region, a linker, and 2 C-terminal C2 domains. Previously all synaptotagmins were thought to be calcium sensors in the regulation of neurotransmitter release and hormone secretion, but it has been shown that not all of them bind calcium. Of the 17 identified synaptotagmins only 8 bind calcium (1-3, 5-7, 9, 10). The function of the two C2 domains that bind calcium are: regulating the fusion step of synaptic vesicle exocytosis (C2A) and binding to phosphatidyl-inositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) in the absence of calcium ions and to phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) in their presence (C2B). C2B also regulates also the recycling step of synaptic vesicles. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the first C2 repeat, C2A, and has a type-I topology.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 15221718   2 PHGTLEVVLVSAKGLEDADFLNNMDPYVQL--------TCRTQDQKSNVaegmgtTPEWNETFIFTVSEGTTE---LKAK 70
Cdd:cd08387  14 DMGILNVKLIQARNLQPRDFSGTADPYCKVrllpdrsnTKQSKIHKKTL------NPEFDESFVFEVPPQELPkrtLEVL 87

                        90       100
                ....*....|....*....|...
gi 15221718  71 IFDKDVGTEDDAVGEATIPLEPV 93
Cdd:cd08387  88 LYDFDQFSRDECIGVVELPLAEV 110

C2 domain second repeat in Munc13 (mammalian uncoordinated) proteins; C2-like domains are thought to be involved in phospholipid binding in a Ca2+ independent manner in both Unc13 and Munc13. Caenorabditis elegans Unc13 has a central domain with sequence similarity to PKC, which includes C1 and C2-related domains. Unc13 binds phorbol esters and DAG with high affinity in a phospholipid manner. Mutations in Unc13 results in abnormal neuronal connections and impairment in cholinergic neurotransmission in the nematode. Munc13 is the mammalian homolog which are expressed in the brain. There are 3 isoforms (Munc13-1, -2, -3) and are thought to play a role in neurotransmitter release and are hypothesized to be high-affinity receptors for phorbol esters. Unc13 and Munc13 contain both C1 and C2 domains. There are two C2 related domains present, one central and one at the carboxyl end. Munc13-1 contains a third C2-like domain. Munc13 interacts with syntaxin, synaptobrevin, and synaptotagmin suggesting a role for these as scaffolding proteins. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the second C2 repeat, C2B, and has a type-II topology.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 15221718   6 LEVVLVSAKGLEDADFLNNMDPYVQLTC-RTQDQKSNVAEGMgtTPEWNETFIFTVSEGTTELKAKIFDKD 75
Cdd:cd04027   3 ISITVVCAQGLIAKDKTGTSDPYVTVQVgKTKKRTKTIPQNL--NPVWNEKFHFECHNSSDRIKVRVWDED 71

C2 domain first repeat; fungal group; C2 domains were first identified in Protein Kinase C (PKC). C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 15221718   4 GTLEVVLVSAKGLEDADF-LNNMDPYVQLTC--------RTQDQKSNvaegmgTTPEWNET-FIFTVSEGTT---ELKAK 70
Cdd:cd04041   1 GVLVVTIHRATDLPKADFgTGSSDPYVTASFakfgkplySTRIIRKD------LNPVWEETwFVLVTPDEVKageRLSCR 74

                        90       100
                ....*....|....*....|..
gi 15221718  71 IFDKDVGTEDDAVGEATIPLEP 92
Cdd:cd04041  75 LWDSDRFTADDRLGRVEIDLKE 96

C2 domain second repeat present in Synaptotagmin 1; Synaptotagmin is a membrane-trafficking protein characterized by a N-terminal transmembrane region, a linker, and 2 C-terminal C2 domains. Synaptotagmin 1, a member of the class 1 synaptotagmins, is located in the brain and endocranium and localized to the synaptic vesicles and secretory granules. It functions as a Ca2+ sensor for fast exocytosis. It, like synaptotagmin-2, has an N-glycosylated N-terminus. Synaptotagmin 4, a member of class 4 synaptotagmins, is located in the brain. It functions are unknown. It, like synaptotagmin-11, has an Asp to Ser substitution in its C2A domain. Previously all synaptotagmins were thought to be calcium sensors in the regulation of neurotransmitter release and hormone secretion, but it has been shown that not all of them bind calcium. Of the 17 identified synaptotagmins only 8 bind calcium (1-3, 5-7, 9, 10). The function of the two C2 domains that bind calcium are: regulating the fusion step of synaptic vesicle exocytosis (C2A) and binding to phosphatidyl-inositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) in the absence of calcium ions and to phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) in their presence (C2B). C2B also regulates also the recycling step of synaptic vesicles. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the second C2 repeat, C2B, and has a type-I topology.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 15221718   4 GTLEVVLVSAKGLEDADFLNNMDPYVQLTC-----RTQDQKSNVAegMGT-TPEWNETFIFTVSE---GTTELKAKIFDK 74
Cdd:cd08402  15 GKLTVVILEAKNLKKMDVGGLSDPYVKIHLmqngkRLKKKKTTIK--KRTlNPYYNESFSFEVPFeqiQKVHLIVTVLDY 92

                        90
                ....*....|....
gi 15221718  75 DVGTEDDAVGEATI 88
Cdd:cd08402  93 DRIGKNDPIGKVVL 106

C2 domain present in Phosphoinositide-specific phospholipases C (PLC); PLCs are involved in the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) to d-myo-inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (1,4,5-IP3) and sn-1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG). 1,4,5-IP3 and DAG are second messengers in eukaryotic signal transduction cascades. PLC is composed of a N-terminal PH domain followed by a series of EF hands, a catalytic TIM barrel and a C-terminal C2 domain. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. Members here have a type-II topology.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 15221718   5 TLEVVLVSAKGLEDADFLNN--MDPYVQL------TCRTQDQKSNVAEGMGTTPEWNETFIFTVSEgtTEL---KAKIFD 73
Cdd:cd00275   3 TLTIKIISGQQLPKPKGDKGsiVDPYVEVeihglpADDSAKFKTKVVKNNGFNPVWNETFEFDVTV--PELaflRFVVYD 80

                        90
                ....*....|....*..
gi 15221718  74 KDvGTEDDAVGEATIPL 90
Cdd:cd00275  81 ED-SGDDDFLGQACLPL 96

C2 domain first repeat contained in Rab3-interacting molecule (RIM) proteins; RIMs are believed to organize specialized sites of the plasma membrane called active zones. They also play a role in controlling neurotransmitter release, plasticity processes, as well as memory and learning. RIM contains an N-terminal zinc finger domain, a PDZ domain, and two C-terminal C2 domains (C2A, C2B). C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. Members here have a type-I topology and do not bind Ca2+.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 15221718   4 GTLEVVLVSAKGLEDADFLNNMDPYVQ---LTCRTQDQKSNvAEGMGTT--PEWNETFIFTVSEGTTeLKAK-----IFD 73
Cdd:cd04031  16 SQLIVTVLQARDLPPRDDGSLRNPYVKvylLPDRSEKSKRR-TKTVKKTlnPEWNQTFEYSNVRRET-LKERtlevtVWD 93

                        90       100
                ....*....|....*....|....
gi 15221718  74 KDVGTEDDAVGEATIPLEPVFVEG 97
Cdd:cd04031  94 YDRDGENDFLGEVVIDLADALLDD 117

C2 domain first repeat present in Synaptotagmin-like proteins; All Slp members basically share an N-terminal Slp homology domain (SHD) and C-terminal tandem C2 domains (named the C2A domain and the C2B domain) with the SHD and C2 domains being separated by a linker sequence of various length. Slp1/JFC1 and Slp2/exophilin 4 promote granule docking to the plasma membrane. Additionally, their C2A domains are both Ca2+ independent, unlike the case in Slp3 and Slp4/granuphilin in which their C2A domains are Ca2+ dependent. It is thought that SHD (except for the Slp4-SHD) functions as a specific Rab27A/B-binding domain. In addition to Slps, rabphilin, Noc2, and Munc13-4 also function as Rab27-binding proteins. It has been demonstrated that Slp3 and Slp4/granuphilin promote dense-core vesicle exocytosis. Slp5 mRNA has been shown to be restricted to human placenta and liver suggesting a role in Rab27A-dependent membrane trafficking in specific tissues. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the first C2 repeat, C2A, and has a type-I topology.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 15221718   4 GTLEVVLVSAKGLEDADFLNNM-DPYVQ---LTCRTQDQKSNVAEGMGTT-PEWNETFIFTVSEgtTELKAK-----IFD 73
Cdd:cd08521  14 GSLEVHIKECRNLAYADEKKKRsNPYVKvylLPDKSKQSKRKTSVKKNTTnPVFNETLKYHISK--SQLETRtlqlsVWH 91

                        90
                ....*....|....*..
gi 15221718  74 KDVGTEDDAVGEATIPL 90
Cdd:cd08521  92 HDRFGRNTFLGEVEIPL 108

C2 domain of Perforin; Perforin contains a single copy of a C2 domain in its C-terminus and plays a role in lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity. Mutations in perforin leads to familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis type 2. The function of perforin is calcium dependent and the C2 domain is thought to confer this binding to target cell membranes. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 15221718   4 GTLEVVLVSAKGLEdADFLNNMDPYVQLTCRTQDQKSNVAEGmGTTPEWNETFIF---TVSEGTtELKAKIFDKDVGTED 80
Cdd:cd04032  28 ATLTVTVLRATGLW-GDYFTSTDGYVKVFFGGQEKRTEVIWN-NNNPRWNATFDFgsvELSPGG-KLRFEVWDRDNGWDD 104

                        90
                ....*....|....*.
gi 15221718  81 DAVGEATIPLEPVFVE 96
Cdd:cd04032 105 DLLGTCSVVPEAGVHE 120

C2 domain second repeat present in Synaptotagmin 7; Synaptotagmin is a membrane-trafficking protein characterized by a N-terminal transmembrane region, a linker, and 2 C-terminal C2 domains. Synaptotagmin 7, a member of class 2 synaptotagmins, is located in presynaptic plasma membranes in neurons, dense-core vesicles in endocrine cells, and lysosomes in fibroblasts. It has been shown to play a role in regulation of Ca2+-dependent lysosomal exocytosis in fibroblasts and may also function as a vesicular Ca2+-sensor. It is distinguished from the other synaptotagmins by having over 12 splice forms. Previously all synaptotagmins were thought to be calcium sensors in the regulation of neurotransmitter release and hormone secretion, but it has been shown that not all of them bind calcium. Of the 17 identified synaptotagmins only 8 bind calcium (1-3, 5-7, 9, 10). The function of the two C2 domains that bind calcium are: regulating the fusion step of synaptic vesicle exocytosis (C2A) and binding to phosphatidyl-inositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) in the absence of calcium ions and to phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) in their presence (C2B). C2B also regulates also the recycling step of synaptic vesicles. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the second C2 repeat, C2B, and has a type-I topology.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 15221718   4 GTLEVVLVSAKGLEDADFLNNMDPYVQLTCRTQD----QKSNVAEGMGTTPEWNETFIFTVSEGT---TELKAKIFDKDV 76
Cdd:cd08405  15 NRITVNIIKARNLKAMDINGTSDPYVKVWLMYKDkrveKKKTVIKKRTLNPVFNESFIFNIPLERlreTTLIITVMDKDR 94

                        90
                ....*....|...
gi 15221718  77 GTEDDAVGEATIP 89
Cdd:cd08405  95 LSRNDLIGKIYLG 107

C2 domain in Protein Kinase C (PKC) epsilon; A single C2 domain is found in PKC epsilon. The PKC family of serine/threonine kinases regulates apoptosis, proliferation, migration, motility, chemo-resistance, and differentiation. There are 3 groups: group 1 (alpha, betaI, beta II, gamma) which require phospholipids and calcium, group 2 (delta, epsilon, theta, eta) which do not require calcium for activation, and group 3 (xi, iota/lambda) which are atypical and can be activated in the absence of diacylglycerol and calcium. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. Members here have a type-II topology.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 15221718   4 GTLEVVLVSAKGLEDADF----------LNNMDPYVQLTC------RTQ-DQKSNvaegmgtTPEWNETFIFTVSEGTTE 66
Cdd:cd04014   4 GTLKIKICEAVDLKPTDWstrhavpkkgSQLLDPYVSIDVddthigKTStKPKTN-------SPVWNEEFTTEVHNGRNL 76

                        90       100       110       120       130
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 15221718  67 LKAKIFDKDVGtEDDAVGEATIPLEpvfvegsipptayNVVKDEEYKGEIWVAL 120
Cdd:cd04014  77 ELTVFHDAAIG-PDDFVANCTISFE-------------DLIQRGSGSFDLWVDL 116

C2 domain present in Smad ubiquitination-related factor (Smurf)-like proteins; A single C2 domain is found in Smurf proteins, C2-WW-HECT-domain E3s, which play an important role in the downregulation of the TGF-beta signaling pathway. Smurf proteins also regulate cell shape, motility, and polarity by degrading small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases). C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. Members here have type-II topology.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 15221718   6 LEVVLVSAKGLEDADFLNNMDPYVQLTCRT-QDQKSNVAEGMgTTPEWNETFIFTVSEGTTeLKAKIFDK 74
Cdd:cd08382   2 VRLTVLCADGLAKRDLFRLPDPFAVITVDGgQTHSTDVAKKT-LDPKWNEHFDLTVGPSSI-ITIQVFDQ 69