Glyoxysomal and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenases; MDH is one of the key enzymes in the ...
1-310
0e+00
Glyoxysomal and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenases; MDH is one of the key enzymes in the citric acid cycle, facilitating both the conversion of malate to oxaloacetate and replenishing levels of oxalacetate by reductive carboxylation of pyruvate. Members of this subfamily are localized to the glycosome and mitochondria. MDHs are part of the NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold superfamily, which includes a wide variety of protein families including the NAD(P)-binding domains of alcohol dehydrogenases, tyrosine-dependent oxidoreductases, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases, formate/glycerate dehydrogenases, siroheme synthases, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases, aminoacid dehydrogenases, repressor rex, and NAD-binding potassium channel domains, among others.
:
Pssm-ID: 133422 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 310 Bit Score: 504.33 E-value: 0e+00
Glyoxysomal and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenases; MDH is one of the key enzymes in the ...
1-310
0e+00
Glyoxysomal and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenases; MDH is one of the key enzymes in the citric acid cycle, facilitating both the conversion of malate to oxaloacetate and replenishing levels of oxalacetate by reductive carboxylation of pyruvate. Members of this subfamily are localized to the glycosome and mitochondria. MDHs are part of the NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold superfamily, which includes a wide variety of protein families including the NAD(P)-binding domains of alcohol dehydrogenases, tyrosine-dependent oxidoreductases, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases, formate/glycerate dehydrogenases, siroheme synthases, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases, aminoacid dehydrogenases, repressor rex, and NAD-binding potassium channel domains, among others.
Pssm-ID: 133422 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 310 Bit Score: 504.33 E-value: 0e+00
malate dehydrogenase, NAD-dependent; This model represents the NAD-dependent malate ...
2-312
8.12e-180
malate dehydrogenase, NAD-dependent; This model represents the NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase found in eukaryotes and certain gamma proteobacteria. The enzyme is involved in the citric acid cycle as well as the glyoxalate cycle. Several isoforms exidt in eukaryotes. In S. cereviseae, for example, there are cytoplasmic, mitochondrial and peroxisomal forms. Although malate dehydrogenases have in some cases been mistaken for lactate dehydrogenases due to the similarity of these two substrates and the apparent ease with which evolution can toggle these activities, critical residues have been identified which can discriminate between the two activities. At the time of the creation of this model no hits above the trusted cutoff contained critical residues typical of lactate dehydrogenases. [Energy metabolism, TCA cycle]
Pssm-ID: 130833 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 312 Bit Score: 498.85 E-value: 8.12e-180
lactate/malate dehydrogenase, alpha/beta C-terminal domain; L-lactate dehydrogenases are ...
147-310
4.74e-59
lactate/malate dehydrogenase, alpha/beta C-terminal domain; L-lactate dehydrogenases are metabolic enzymes which catalyze the conversion of L-lactate to pyruvate, the last step in anaerobic glycolysis. L-2-hydroxyisocaproate dehydrogenases are also members of the family. Malate dehydrogenases catalyze the interconversion of malate to oxaloacetate. The enzyme participates in the citric acid cycle. L-lactate dehydrogenase is also found as a lens crystallin in bird and crocodile eyes.
Pssm-ID: 397136 Cd Length: 173 Bit Score: 186.80 E-value: 4.74e-59
Glyoxysomal and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenases; MDH is one of the key enzymes in the ...
1-310
0e+00
Glyoxysomal and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenases; MDH is one of the key enzymes in the citric acid cycle, facilitating both the conversion of malate to oxaloacetate and replenishing levels of oxalacetate by reductive carboxylation of pyruvate. Members of this subfamily are localized to the glycosome and mitochondria. MDHs are part of the NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold superfamily, which includes a wide variety of protein families including the NAD(P)-binding domains of alcohol dehydrogenases, tyrosine-dependent oxidoreductases, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases, formate/glycerate dehydrogenases, siroheme synthases, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases, aminoacid dehydrogenases, repressor rex, and NAD-binding potassium channel domains, among others.
Pssm-ID: 133422 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 310 Bit Score: 504.33 E-value: 0e+00
malate dehydrogenase, NAD-dependent; This model represents the NAD-dependent malate ...
2-312
8.12e-180
malate dehydrogenase, NAD-dependent; This model represents the NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase found in eukaryotes and certain gamma proteobacteria. The enzyme is involved in the citric acid cycle as well as the glyoxalate cycle. Several isoforms exidt in eukaryotes. In S. cereviseae, for example, there are cytoplasmic, mitochondrial and peroxisomal forms. Although malate dehydrogenases have in some cases been mistaken for lactate dehydrogenases due to the similarity of these two substrates and the apparent ease with which evolution can toggle these activities, critical residues have been identified which can discriminate between the two activities. At the time of the creation of this model no hits above the trusted cutoff contained critical residues typical of lactate dehydrogenases. [Energy metabolism, TCA cycle]
Pssm-ID: 130833 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 312 Bit Score: 498.85 E-value: 8.12e-180
NAD-dependent, lactate dehydrogenase-like, 2-hydroxycarboxylate dehydrogenase family; Members ...
3-303
1.23e-68
NAD-dependent, lactate dehydrogenase-like, 2-hydroxycarboxylate dehydrogenase family; Members of this family include ubiquitous enzymes like L-lactate dehydrogenases (LDH), L-2-hydroxyisocaproate dehydrogenases, and some malate dehydrogenases (MDH). LDH catalyzes the last step of glycolysis in which pyruvate is converted to L-lactate. MDH is one of the key enzymes in the citric acid cycle, facilitating both the conversion of malate to oxaloacetate and replenishing levels of oxalacetate by reductive carboxylation of pyruvate. The LDH/MDH-like proteins are part of the NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold superfamily, which includes a wide variety of protein families including the NAD(P)-binding domains of alcohol dehydrogenases, tyrosine-dependent oxidoreductases, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases, formate/glycerate dehydrogenases, siroheme synthases, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases, aminoacid dehydrogenases, repressor rex, and NAD-binding potassium channel domains, among others.
Pssm-ID: 133419 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 263 Bit Score: 214.49 E-value: 1.23e-68
lactate/malate dehydrogenase, alpha/beta C-terminal domain; L-lactate dehydrogenases are ...
147-310
4.74e-59
lactate/malate dehydrogenase, alpha/beta C-terminal domain; L-lactate dehydrogenases are metabolic enzymes which catalyze the conversion of L-lactate to pyruvate, the last step in anaerobic glycolysis. L-2-hydroxyisocaproate dehydrogenases are also members of the family. Malate dehydrogenases catalyze the interconversion of malate to oxaloacetate. The enzyme participates in the citric acid cycle. L-lactate dehydrogenase is also found as a lens crystallin in bird and crocodile eyes.
Pssm-ID: 397136 Cd Length: 173 Bit Score: 186.80 E-value: 4.74e-59
lactate/malate dehydrogenase, NAD binding domain; L-lactate dehydrogenases are metabolic ...
1-145
8.05e-51
lactate/malate dehydrogenase, NAD binding domain; L-lactate dehydrogenases are metabolic enzymes which catalyze the conversion of L-lactate to pyruvate, the last step in anaerobic glycolysis. L-2-hydroxyisocaproate dehydrogenases are also members of the family. Malate dehydrogenases catalyze the interconversion of malate to oxaloacetate. The enzyme participates in the citric acid cycle. L-lactate dehydrogenase is also found as a lens crystallin in bird and crocodile eyes. N-terminus (this family) is a Rossmann NAD-binding fold. C-terminus is an unusual alpha+beta fold.
Pssm-ID: 395010 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 141 Bit Score: 164.70 E-value: 8.05e-51
L-lactate dehydrogenase-like malate dehydrogenase proteins; Members of this subfamily have an ...
3-304
2.90e-44
L-lactate dehydrogenase-like malate dehydrogenase proteins; Members of this subfamily have an LDH-like structure and an MDH enzymatic activity. Some members, like MJ0490 from Methanococcus jannaschii, exhibit both MDH and LDH activities. Tetrameric MDHs, including those from phototrophic bacteria, are more similar to LDHs than to other MDHs. LDH catalyzes the last step of glycolysis in which pyruvate is converted to L-lactate. MDH is one of the key enzymes in the citric acid cycle, facilitating both the conversion of malate to oxaloacetate and replenishing levels of oxalacetate by reductive carboxylation of pyruvate. The LDH-like MDHs are part of the NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold superfamily, which includes a wide variety of protein families including the NAD(P)-binding domains of alcohol dehydrogenases, tyrosine-dependent oxidoreductases, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases, formate/glycerate dehydrogenases, siroheme synthases, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases, aminoacid dehydrogenases, repressor rex, and NAD-binding potassium channel domains, among others.
Pssm-ID: 133424 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 300 Bit Score: 153.01 E-value: 2.90e-44
L-2-hydroxyisocapronate dehydrogenases and some bacterial L-lactate dehydrogenases; ...
2-304
1.22e-33
L-2-hydroxyisocapronate dehydrogenases and some bacterial L-lactate dehydrogenases; L-2-hydroxyisocapronate dehydrogenase (HicDH) catalyzes the conversion of a variety of 2-oxo carboxylic acids with medium-sized aliphatic or aromatic side chains. This subfamily is composed of HicDHs and some bacterial L-lactate dehydrogenases (LDH). LDHs catalyze the last step of glycolysis in which pyruvate is converted to L-lactate. Bacterial LDHs can be non-allosteric or may be activated by an allosteric effector such as fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. Members of this subfamily with known structures such as the HicDH of Lactobacillus confusus, the non-allosteric LDH of Lactobacillus pentosus, and the allosteric LDH of Bacillus stearothermophilus, show that they exist as homotetramers. The HicDH-like subfamily is part of the NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold superfamily, which includes a wide variety of protein families including the NAD(P)-binding domains of alcohol dehydrogenases, tyrosine-dependent oxidoreductases, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases, formate/glycerate dehydrogenases, siroheme synthases, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases, aminoacid dehydrogenases, repressor rex, and NAD-binding potassium channel domains, among others.
Pssm-ID: 133427 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 306 Bit Score: 125.27 E-value: 1.22e-33
A lactate dehydrogenases-like structure with malate dehydrogenase enzymatic activity; The ...
1-277
1.67e-31
A lactate dehydrogenases-like structure with malate dehydrogenase enzymatic activity; The LDH-like MDH proteins have a lactate dehyhydrogenase-like (LDH-like) structure and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) enzymatic activity. This subgroup is composed of some archaeal LDH-like MDHs that prefer NADP(H) rather than NAD(H) as a cofactor. One member, MJ0490 from Methanococcus jannaschii, has been observed to form dimers and tetramers during crystalization, although it is believed to exist primarilly as a tetramer in solution. In addition to its MDH activity, MJ0490 also possesses fructose-1,6-bisphosphate-activated LDH activity. Members of this subgroup have a higher sequence similarity to LDHs than to other MDHs. LDH catalyzes the last step of glycolysis in which pyruvate is converted to L-lactate. MDH is one of the key enzymes in the citric acid cycle, facilitating both the conversion of malate to oxaloacetate and replenishing levels of oxalacetate by reductive carboxylation of pyruvate. The LDH-like MDHs are part of the NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold superfamily, which includes a wide variety of protein families including the NAD(P)- binding domains of alcohol dehydrogenases, tyrosine-dependent oxidoreductases, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases, formate/glycerate dehydrogenases, siroheme synthases, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, aminoacid dehydrogenases, repressor rex, and NAD-binding potassium channel domains, among others.
Pssm-ID: 133430 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 309 Bit Score: 119.43 E-value: 1.67e-31
L-lactate dehydrogenase-like enzymes; Members of this subfamily are tetrameric NAD-dependent ...
3-301
2.78e-29
L-lactate dehydrogenase-like enzymes; Members of this subfamily are tetrameric NAD-dependent 2-hydroxycarboxylate dehydrogenases including LDHs, L-2-hydroxyisocaproate dehydrogenases (L-HicDH), and LDH-like malate dehydrogenases (MDH). Dehydrogenases catalyze the conversion of carbonyl compounds to alcohols or amino acids. LDHs catalyze the last step of glycolysis in which pyruvate is converted to L-lactate. Vertebrate LDHs are non-allosteric, but some bacterial LDHs are activated by an allosteric effector such as fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. L-HicDH catalyzes the conversion of a variety of 2-oxo carboxylic acids with medium-sized aliphatic or aromatic side chains. MDH is one of the key enzymes in the citric acid cycle, facilitating both the conversion of malate to oxaloacetate and replenishing levels of oxalacetate by reductive carboxylation of pyruvate. The LDH-like subfamily is part of the NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold superfamily, which includes a wide variety of protein families including the NAD(P)-binding domains of alcohol dehydrogenases, tyrosine-dependent oxidoreductases, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases, formate/glycerate dehydrogenases, siroheme synthases, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases, aminoacid dehydrogenases, repressor rex, and NAD-binding potassium channel domains, among others.
Pssm-ID: 133418 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 300 Bit Score: 113.52 E-value: 2.78e-29
A subgroup of L-lactate dehydrogenases; L-lactate dehydrogenases (LDH) are tetrameric enzymes ...
1-304
3.66e-28
A subgroup of L-lactate dehydrogenases; L-lactate dehydrogenases (LDH) are tetrameric enzymes catalyzing the last step of glycolysis in which pyruvate is converted to L-lactate. This subgroup is composed predominantly of bacterial LDHs and a few fungal LDHs. Bacterial LDHs may be non-allosteric or may be activated by an allosteric effector such as fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. LDHs are part of the NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold superfamily, which includes a wide variety of protein families including the NAD(P)-binding domains of alcohol dehydrogenases, tyrosine-dependent oxidoreductases, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases, formate/glycerate dehydrogenases, siroheme synthases, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases, aminoacid dehydrogenases, repressor rex, and NAD-binding potassium channel domains, among others.
Pssm-ID: 133428 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 308 Bit Score: 110.66 E-value: 3.66e-28
L-lactate dehydrogenase; This model represents the NAD-dependent L-lactate dehydrogenases from ...
9-301
3.74e-28
L-lactate dehydrogenase; This model represents the NAD-dependent L-lactate dehydrogenases from bacteria and eukaryotes. This enzyme function as as the final step in anaerobic glycolysis. Although lactate dehydrogenases have in some cases been mistaken for malate dehydrogenases due to the similarity of these two substrates and the apparent ease with which evolution can toggle these activities, critical residues have been identified which can discriminate between the two activities. At the time of the creation of this model no hits above the trusted cutoff contained critical residues typical of malate dehydrogenases. [Energy metabolism, Anaerobic, Energy metabolism, Glycolysis/gluconeogenesis]
Pssm-ID: 273796 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 299 Bit Score: 110.37 E-value: 3.74e-28
A subgroup of L-lactate dehydrogenases; L-lactate dehydrogenases (LDH) are tetrameric enzymes ...
2-292
1.63e-19
A subgroup of L-lactate dehydrogenases; L-lactate dehydrogenases (LDH) are tetrameric enzymes catalyzing the last step of glycolysis in which pyruvate is converted to L-lactate. This subgroup is composed of some bacterial LDHs from firmicutes, gammaproteobacteria, and actinobacteria. Vertebrate LDHs are non-allosteric, but some bacterial LDHs are activated by an allosteric effector such as fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. LDHs are part of the NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold superfamily, which includes a wide variety of protein families including the NAD(P)-binding domains of alcohol dehydrogenases, tyrosine-dependent oxidoreductases, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases, formate/glycerate dehydrogenases, siroheme synthases, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, aminoacid dehydrogenases, repressor rex, and NAD-binding potassium channel domains, among others.
Pssm-ID: 133426 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 307 Bit Score: 87.00 E-value: 1.63e-19
A subgroup of L-lactate dehydrogenases; L-lactate dehydrogenases (LDH) are tetrameric enzymes ...
2-299
6.92e-19
A subgroup of L-lactate dehydrogenases; L-lactate dehydrogenases (LDH) are tetrameric enzymes catalyzing the last step of glycolysis in which pyruvate is converted to L-lactate. This subgroup is composed of eukaryotic LDHs. Vertebrate LDHs are non-allosteric. This is in contrast to some bacterial LDHs that are activated by an allosteric effector such as fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. LDHs are part of the NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold superfamily, which includes a wide variety of protein families including the NAD(P)-binding domains of alcohol dehydrogenases, tyrosine-dependent oxidoreductases, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases, formate/glycerate dehydrogenases, siroheme synthases, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases, aminoacid dehydrogenases, repressor rex, and NAD-binding potassium channel domains, among others.
Pssm-ID: 133429 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 312 Bit Score: 84.96 E-value: 6.92e-19
Malate dehydrogenase; Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) is one of the key enzymes in the citric acid ...
2-232
1.94e-15
Malate dehydrogenase; Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) is one of the key enzymes in the citric acid cycle, facilitating both the conversion of malate to oxaloacetate and replenishing levels of oxalacetate by reductive carboxylation of pyruvate. MDHs belong to the NAD-dependent, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)-like, 2-hydroxycarboxylate dehydrogenase family, which also includes the GH4 family of glycoside hydrolases. They are part of the NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold superfamily, which includes a wide variety of protein families including the NAD(P)-binding domains of alcohol dehydrogenases, tyrosine-dependent oxidoreductases, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases, formate/glycerate dehydrogenases, siroheme synthases, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases, aminoacid dehydrogenases, repressor rex, and NAD-binding potassium channel domains, among others.
Pssm-ID: 133420 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 323 Bit Score: 75.39 E-value: 1.94e-15
Chloroplast-like malate dehydrogenases; MDH is one of the key enzymes in the citric acid cycle, ...
1-301
5.69e-13
Chloroplast-like malate dehydrogenases; MDH is one of the key enzymes in the citric acid cycle, facilitating both the conversion of malate to oxaloacetate and replenishing levels of oxalacetate by reductive carboxylation of pyruvate. Members of this subfamily are bacterial MDHs, and plant MDHs localized to the chloroplasts. MDHs are part of the NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold superfamily, which includes a wide variety of protein families including the NAD(P)-binding domains of alcohol dehydrogenases, tyrosine-dependent oxidoreductases, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases, formate/glycerate dehydrogenases, siroheme synthases, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases, aminoacid dehydrogenases, repressor rex, and NAD-binding potassium channel domains, among others.
Pssm-ID: 133423 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 322 Bit Score: 68.38 E-value: 5.69e-13
malate dehydrogenase, NAD-dependent; This model represents the NAD-dependent cytosolic malate ...
2-231
1.07e-12
malate dehydrogenase, NAD-dependent; This model represents the NAD-dependent cytosolic malate dehydrogenase from eukaryotes. The enzyme from pig has been studied by X-ray crystallography
Pssm-ID: 130819 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 324 Bit Score: 67.56 E-value: 1.07e-12
Cytoplasmic and cytosolic Malate dehydrogenases; MDH is one of the key enzymes in the citric ...
2-231
9.86e-12
Cytoplasmic and cytosolic Malate dehydrogenases; MDH is one of the key enzymes in the citric acid cycle, facilitating both the conversion of malate to oxaloacetate and replenishing levels of oxalacetate by reductive carboxylation of pyruvate. Members of this subfamily are eukaryotic MDHs localized to the cytoplasm and cytosol. MDHs are part of the NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold superfamily, which includes a wide variety of protein families including the NAD(P)-binding domains of alcohol dehydrogenases, tyrosine-dependent oxidoreductases, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases, formate/glycerate dehydrogenases, siroheme synthases, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases, aminoacid dehydrogenases, repressor rex, and NAD-binding potassium channel domains, among others.
Pssm-ID: 133421 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 325 Bit Score: 64.57 E-value: 9.86e-12
lactate dehydrogenase; This model represents a family of protist lactate dehydrogenases which ...
65-211
4.43e-07
lactate dehydrogenase; This model represents a family of protist lactate dehydrogenases which have aparrently evolved from a recent protist malate dehydrogenase ancestor. Lactate dehydrogenase converts the hydroxyl at C-2 of lactate to a carbonyl in the product, pyruvate. The preference of this enzyme for NAD or NADP has not been determined. A critical residue in malate dehydrogenase, arginine-91 (T. vaginalis numbering) has been mutated to a leucine, eliminating the positive charge which complemeted the carboxylate in malate which is absent in lactate. Several other more subtle changes are proposed to make the active site smaller to accomadate the less bulky lactate molecule.
Pssm-ID: 130817 Cd Length: 313 Bit Score: 50.65 E-value: 4.43e-07
malate dehydrogenase, NADP-dependent; This model represents the NADP-dependent malate ...
1-190
1.00e-06
malate dehydrogenase, NADP-dependent; This model represents the NADP-dependent malate dehydrogenase found in plants, mosses and green algae and localized to the chloroplast. Malate dehydrogenase converts oxaloacetate into malate, a critical step in the C4 cycle which allows circumvention of the effects of photorespiration. Malate is subsequenctly transported from the chloroplast to the cytoplasm (and then to the bundle sheath cells in C4 plants). The plant and moss enzymes are light regulated via cysteine disulfide bonds. The enzyme from Sorghum has been crystallized.
Pssm-ID: 130818 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 387 Bit Score: 49.59 E-value: 1.00e-06
Escherichia coli Gne (a nucleoside-diphosphate-sugar 4-epimerase)-like, extended (e) SDRs; ...
1-112
3.10e-03
Escherichia coli Gne (a nucleoside-diphosphate-sugar 4-epimerase)-like, extended (e) SDRs; Nucleoside-diphosphate-sugar 4-epimerase has the characteristic active site tetrad and NAD-binding motif of the extended SDR, and is related to more specifically defined epimerases such as UDP-glucose 4 epimerase (aka UDP-galactose-4-epimerase), which catalyzes the NAD-dependent conversion of UDP-galactose to UDP-glucose, the final step in Leloir galactose synthesis. This subgroup includes Escherichia coli 055:H7 Gne, a UDP-GlcNAc 4-epimerase, essential for O55 antigen synthesis. Extended SDRs are distinct from classical SDRs. In addition to the Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet) core region typical of all SDRs, extended SDRs have a less conserved C-terminal extension of approximately 100 amino acids. Extended SDRs are a diverse collection of proteins, and include isomerases, epimerases, oxidoreductases, and lyases; they typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold, an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes is typically in the 15-30% range; they catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser and/or an Asn, contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Atypical SDRs generally lack the catalytic residues characteristic of the SDRs, and their glycine-rich NAD(P)-binding motif is often different from the forms normally seen in classical or extended SDRs. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif.
Pssm-ID: 187549 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 305 Bit Score: 38.52 E-value: 3.10e-03
Glycoside Hydrolases Family 4; Alpha-glucosidases and alpha-galactosidases; Glucosidases ...
1-87
5.63e-03
Glycoside Hydrolases Family 4; Alpha-glucosidases and alpha-galactosidases; Glucosidases cleave glycosidic bonds to release glucose from oligosaccharides. Alpha-glucosidases and alpha-galactosidases release alpha-D-glucose and alpha-D-galactose, respectively, via the hydrolysis of alpha-glycopyranoside bonds. Some bacteria simultaneously translocate and phosphorylate disaccharides via the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system (PEP-PTS). After translocation, these phospho-disaccharides may be hydrolyzed by the GH4 glycoside hydrolases such as the alpha-glucosidases. Other organsisms (such as archaea and Thermotoga maritima) lack the PEP-PTS system, but have several enzymes normally associated with the PEP-PTS operon. Alpha-glucosidases and alpha-galactosidases are part of the NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold superfamily, which includes a wide variety of protein families including the NAD(P)-binding domains of alcohol dehydrogenases, tyrosine-dependent oxidoreductases, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases, formate/glycerate dehydrogenases, siroheme synthases, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases, aminoacid dehydrogenases, repressor rex, and NAD-binding potassium channel domains, among others.
Pssm-ID: 133433 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 423 Bit Score: 37.93 E-value: 5.63e-03
Database: CDSEARCH/cdd Low complexity filter: no Composition Based Adjustment: yes E-value threshold: 0.01
References:
Wang J et al. (2023), "The conserved domain database in 2023", Nucleic Acids Res.51(D)384-8.
Lu S et al. (2020), "The conserved domain database in 2020", Nucleic Acids Res.48(D)265-8.
Marchler-Bauer A et al. (2017), "CDD/SPARCLE: functional classification of proteins via subfamily domain architectures.", Nucleic Acids Res.45(D)200-3.
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