acyl-CoA synthetase family member 4; This family of the adenylation (A) domain of nonribosomal ...
6987-7412
4.74e-160
acyl-CoA synthetase family member 4; This family of the adenylation (A) domain of nonribosomal peptide synthases (NRPS) contains acyl-CoA synthethase family member 4, also known as 2-aminoadipic 6-semialdehyde dehydrogenase or aminoadipate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, most of which are uncharacterized. Acyl-CoA synthetase catalyzes the initial reaction in fatty acid metabolism, by forming a thioester with CoA. NRPSs are large multifunctional enzymes which synthesize many therapeutically useful peptides in bacteria and fungi via a template-directed, nucleic acid independent nonribosomal mechanism. These natural products include antibiotics, immunosuppressants, plant and animal toxins, and enzyme inhibitors. NRPS has a distinct modular structure in which each module is responsible for the recognition, activation, and in some cases, modification of a single amino acid residue of the final peptide product. The modules can be subdivided into domains that catalyze specific biochemical reactions.
:
Pssm-ID: 341309 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 449 Bit Score: 504.70 E-value: 4.74e-160
polyketide synthases (PKSs) polymerize simple fatty acids into a large variety of different ...
1889-2282
5.41e-122
polyketide synthases (PKSs) polymerize simple fatty acids into a large variety of different products, called polyketides, by successive decarboxylating Claisen condensations. PKSs can be divided into 2 groups, modular type I PKSs consisting of one or more large multifunctional proteins and iterative type II PKSs, complexes of several monofunctional subunits.
:
Pssm-ID: 238429 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 421 Bit Score: 394.23 E-value: 5.41e-122
polyketide synthases (PKSs) polymerize simple fatty acids into a large variety of different ...
13-394
9.44e-106
polyketide synthases (PKSs) polymerize simple fatty acids into a large variety of different products, called polyketides, by successive decarboxylating Claisen condensations. PKSs can be divided into 2 groups, modular type I PKSs consisting of one or more large multifunctional proteins and iterative type II PKSs, complexes of several monofunctional subunits.
:
Pssm-ID: 238429 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 421 Bit Score: 347.24 E-value: 9.44e-106
polyketide synthases (PKSs) polymerize simple fatty acids into a large variety of different ...
4290-4628
2.55e-93
polyketide synthases (PKSs) polymerize simple fatty acids into a large variety of different products, called polyketides, by successive decarboxylating Claisen condensations. PKSs can be divided into 2 groups, modular type I PKSs consisting of one or more large multifunctional proteins and iterative type II PKSs, complexes of several monofunctional subunits.
:
Pssm-ID: 238429 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 421 Bit Score: 311.41 E-value: 2.55e-93
polyketide synthases (PKSs) polymerize simple fatty acids into a large variety of different ...
830-1197
1.30e-64
polyketide synthases (PKSs) polymerize simple fatty acids into a large variety of different products, called polyketides, by successive decarboxylating Claisen condensations. PKSs can be divided into 2 groups, modular type I PKSs consisting of one or more large multifunctional proteins and iterative type II PKSs, complexes of several monofunctional subunits.
:
Pssm-ID: 238429 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 421 Bit Score: 228.60 E-value: 1.30e-64
This enzymatic domain is part of bacterial polyketide synthases; It catalyses the first step ...
3203-3377
8.26e-43
This enzymatic domain is part of bacterial polyketide synthases; It catalyses the first step in the reductive modification of the beta-carbonyl centres in the growing polyketide chain. It uses NADPH to reduce the keto group to a hydroxy group.
:
Pssm-ID: 214833 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 180 Bit Score: 156.49 E-value: 8.26e-43
Rossmann-fold NAD(P)(+)-binding proteins; A large family of proteins that share a ...
4991-5131
7.38e-16
Rossmann-fold NAD(P)(+)-binding proteins; A large family of proteins that share a Rossmann-fold NAD(P)H/NAD(P)(+) binding (NADB) domain. The NADB domain is found in numerous dehydrogenases of metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, and many other redox enzymes. NAD binding involves numerous hydrogen-bonds and van der Waals contacts, in particular H-bonding of residues in a turn between the first strand and the subsequent helix of the Rossmann-fold topology. Characteristically, this turn exhibits a consensus binding pattern similar to GXGXXG, in which the first 2 glycines participate in NAD(P)-binding, and the third facilitates close packing of the helix to the beta-strand. Typically, proteins in this family contain a second domain in addition to the NADB domain, which is responsible for specifically binding a substrate and catalyzing a particular enzymatic reaction.
The actual alignment was detected with superfamily member cd05274:
Pssm-ID: 473865 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 375 Bit Score: 83.59 E-value: 7.38e-16
The hotdog fold was initially identified in the E. coli FabA (beta-hydroxydecanoyl-acyl ...
1544-1759
3.71e-11
The hotdog fold was initially identified in the E. coli FabA (beta-hydroxydecanoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP)-dehydratase) structure and subsequently in 4HBT (4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA thioesterase) from Pseudomonas. A number of other seemingly unrelated proteins also share the hotdog fold. These proteins have related, but distinct, catalytic activities that include metabolic roles such as thioester hydrolysis in fatty acid metabolism, and degradation of phenylacetic acid and the environmental pollutant 4-chlorobenzoate. This superfamily also includes the PaaI-like protein FapR, a non-catalytic bacterial homolog involved in transcriptional regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis.
The actual alignment was detected with superfamily member pfam14765:
Pssm-ID: 469797 Cd Length: 296 Bit Score: 68.17 E-value: 3.71e-11
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the ...
2943-3024
1.00e-10
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the prosthetic group of acyl carrier proteins (ACP) in some multienzyme complexes where it serves as a 'swinging arm' for the attachment of activated fatty acid and amino-acid groups.
:
Pssm-ID: 214834 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 86 Bit Score: 61.50 E-value: 1.00e-10
Rossmann-fold NAD(P)(+)-binding proteins; A large family of proteins that share a ...
6237-6393
4.46e-10
Rossmann-fold NAD(P)(+)-binding proteins; A large family of proteins that share a Rossmann-fold NAD(P)H/NAD(P)(+) binding (NADB) domain. The NADB domain is found in numerous dehydrogenases of metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, and many other redox enzymes. NAD binding involves numerous hydrogen-bonds and van der Waals contacts, in particular H-bonding of residues in a turn between the first strand and the subsequent helix of the Rossmann-fold topology. Characteristically, this turn exhibits a consensus binding pattern similar to GXGXXG, in which the first 2 glycines participate in NAD(P)-binding, and the third facilitates close packing of the helix to the beta-strand. Typically, proteins in this family contain a second domain in addition to the NADB domain, which is responsible for specifically binding a substrate and catalyzing a particular enzymatic reaction.
The actual alignment was detected with superfamily member cd08953:
Pssm-ID: 473865 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 436 Bit Score: 66.24 E-value: 4.46e-10
The hotdog fold was initially identified in the E. coli FabA (beta-hydroxydecanoyl-acyl ...
3994-4216
4.11e-09
The hotdog fold was initially identified in the E. coli FabA (beta-hydroxydecanoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP)-dehydratase) structure and subsequently in 4HBT (4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA thioesterase) from Pseudomonas. A number of other seemingly unrelated proteins also share the hotdog fold. These proteins have related, but distinct, catalytic activities that include metabolic roles such as thioester hydrolysis in fatty acid metabolism, and degradation of phenylacetic acid and the environmental pollutant 4-chlorobenzoate. This superfamily also includes the PaaI-like protein FapR, a non-catalytic bacterial homolog involved in transcriptional regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis.
The actual alignment was detected with superfamily member pfam14765:
Pssm-ID: 469797 Cd Length: 296 Bit Score: 62.00 E-value: 4.11e-09
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the ...
2790-2867
9.93e-09
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the prosthetic group of acyl carrier proteins (ACP) in some multienzyme complexes where it serves as a 'swinging arm' for the attachment of activated fatty acid and amino-acid groups.
:
Pssm-ID: 214834 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 86 Bit Score: 55.72 E-value: 9.93e-09
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the ...
1806-1857
5.17e-08
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the prosthetic group of acyl carrier proteins (ACP) in some multienzyme complexes where it serves as a 'swinging arm' for the attachment of activated fatty acid and amino-acid groups.
:
Pssm-ID: 214834 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 86 Bit Score: 53.79 E-value: 5.17e-08
Ketoacyl-synthetase C-terminal extension; KAsynt_C_assoc represents the very C-terminus of a ...
376-431
6.77e-06
Ketoacyl-synthetase C-terminal extension; KAsynt_C_assoc represents the very C-terminus of a subset of proteins from the keto-acyl-synthetase 2 family. It is found in proteins ranging from bacteria to human.
The actual alignment was detected with superfamily member pfam16197:
Pssm-ID: 465059 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 111 Bit Score: 48.70 E-value: 6.77e-06
Ketoacyl-synthetase C-terminal extension; KAsynt_C_assoc represents the very C-terminus of a ...
4614-4695
1.03e-05
Ketoacyl-synthetase C-terminal extension; KAsynt_C_assoc represents the very C-terminus of a subset of proteins from the keto-acyl-synthetase 2 family. It is found in proteins ranging from bacteria to human.
The actual alignment was detected with superfamily member pfam16197:
Pssm-ID: 465059 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 111 Bit Score: 47.92 E-value: 1.03e-05
acyl-CoA synthetase family member 4; This family of the adenylation (A) domain of nonribosomal ...
6987-7412
4.74e-160
acyl-CoA synthetase family member 4; This family of the adenylation (A) domain of nonribosomal peptide synthases (NRPS) contains acyl-CoA synthethase family member 4, also known as 2-aminoadipic 6-semialdehyde dehydrogenase or aminoadipate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, most of which are uncharacterized. Acyl-CoA synthetase catalyzes the initial reaction in fatty acid metabolism, by forming a thioester with CoA. NRPSs are large multifunctional enzymes which synthesize many therapeutically useful peptides in bacteria and fungi via a template-directed, nucleic acid independent nonribosomal mechanism. These natural products include antibiotics, immunosuppressants, plant and animal toxins, and enzyme inhibitors. NRPS has a distinct modular structure in which each module is responsible for the recognition, activation, and in some cases, modification of a single amino acid residue of the final peptide product. The modules can be subdivided into domains that catalyze specific biochemical reactions.
Pssm-ID: 341309 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 449 Bit Score: 504.70 E-value: 4.74e-160
polyketide synthases (PKSs) polymerize simple fatty acids into a large variety of different ...
5258-5645
5.51e-123
polyketide synthases (PKSs) polymerize simple fatty acids into a large variety of different products, called polyketides, by successive decarboxylating Claisen condensations. PKSs can be divided into 2 groups, modular type I PKSs consisting of one or more large multifunctional proteins and iterative type II PKSs, complexes of several monofunctional subunits.
Pssm-ID: 238429 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 421 Bit Score: 396.93 E-value: 5.51e-123
polyketide synthases (PKSs) polymerize simple fatty acids into a large variety of different ...
1889-2282
5.41e-122
polyketide synthases (PKSs) polymerize simple fatty acids into a large variety of different products, called polyketides, by successive decarboxylating Claisen condensations. PKSs can be divided into 2 groups, modular type I PKSs consisting of one or more large multifunctional proteins and iterative type II PKSs, complexes of several monofunctional subunits.
Pssm-ID: 238429 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 421 Bit Score: 394.23 E-value: 5.41e-122
polyketide synthases (PKSs) polymerize simple fatty acids into a large variety of different ...
13-394
9.44e-106
polyketide synthases (PKSs) polymerize simple fatty acids into a large variety of different products, called polyketides, by successive decarboxylating Claisen condensations. PKSs can be divided into 2 groups, modular type I PKSs consisting of one or more large multifunctional proteins and iterative type II PKSs, complexes of several monofunctional subunits.
Pssm-ID: 238429 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 421 Bit Score: 347.24 E-value: 9.44e-106
polyketide synthases (PKSs) polymerize simple fatty acids into a large variety of different ...
4290-4628
2.55e-93
polyketide synthases (PKSs) polymerize simple fatty acids into a large variety of different products, called polyketides, by successive decarboxylating Claisen condensations. PKSs can be divided into 2 groups, modular type I PKSs consisting of one or more large multifunctional proteins and iterative type II PKSs, complexes of several monofunctional subunits.
Pssm-ID: 238429 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 421 Bit Score: 311.41 E-value: 2.55e-93
Beta-ketoacyl synthase; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the ...
1891-2282
1.47e-81
Beta-ketoacyl synthase; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the thiolase family and also chalcone synthase. The active site of beta-ketoacyl synthase is located between the N and C-terminal domains.
Pssm-ID: 214836 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 298 Bit Score: 272.67 E-value: 1.47e-81
Beta-ketoacyl synthase; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the ...
5260-5646
5.19e-81
Beta-ketoacyl synthase; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the thiolase family and also chalcone synthase. The active site of beta-ketoacyl synthase is located between the N and C-terminal domains.
Pssm-ID: 214836 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 298 Bit Score: 271.12 E-value: 5.19e-81
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, N-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar ...
1889-2124
2.60e-75
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, N-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the thiolase family (pfam00108) and also chalcone synthase. The active site of beta-ketoacyl synthase is located between the N and C-terminal domains. The N-terminal domain contains most of the structures involved in dimer formation and also the active site cysteine.
Pssm-ID: 425468 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 251 Bit Score: 252.94 E-value: 2.60e-75
Beta-ketoacyl synthase; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the ...
57-395
3.43e-72
Beta-ketoacyl synthase; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the thiolase family and also chalcone synthase. The active site of beta-ketoacyl synthase is located between the N and C-terminal domains.
Pssm-ID: 214836 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 298 Bit Score: 245.70 E-value: 3.43e-72
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, N-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar ...
6-236
5.34e-65
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, N-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the thiolase family (pfam00108) and also chalcone synthase. The active site of beta-ketoacyl synthase is located between the N and C-terminal domains. The N-terminal domain contains most of the structures involved in dimer formation and also the active site cysteine.
Pssm-ID: 425468 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 251 Bit Score: 223.28 E-value: 5.34e-65
polyketide synthases (PKSs) polymerize simple fatty acids into a large variety of different ...
830-1197
1.30e-64
polyketide synthases (PKSs) polymerize simple fatty acids into a large variety of different products, called polyketides, by successive decarboxylating Claisen condensations. PKSs can be divided into 2 groups, modular type I PKSs consisting of one or more large multifunctional proteins and iterative type II PKSs, complexes of several monofunctional subunits.
Pssm-ID: 238429 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 421 Bit Score: 228.60 E-value: 1.30e-64
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, N-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar ...
4242-4472
2.57e-60
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, N-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the thiolase family (pfam00108) and also chalcone synthase. The active site of beta-ketoacyl synthase is located between the N and C-terminal domains. The N-terminal domain contains most of the structures involved in dimer formation and also the active site cysteine.
Pssm-ID: 425468 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 251 Bit Score: 209.80 E-value: 2.57e-60
Beta-ketoacyl synthase; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the ...
4295-4628
1.52e-57
Beta-ketoacyl synthase; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the thiolase family and also chalcone synthase. The active site of beta-ketoacyl synthase is located between the N and C-terminal domains.
Pssm-ID: 214836 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 298 Bit Score: 203.71 E-value: 1.52e-57
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, N-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar ...
825-1056
2.94e-53
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, N-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the thiolase family (pfam00108) and also chalcone synthase. The active site of beta-ketoacyl synthase is located between the N and C-terminal domains. The N-terminal domain contains most of the structures involved in dimer formation and also the active site cysteine.
Pssm-ID: 425468 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 251 Bit Score: 189.38 E-value: 2.94e-53
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, N-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar ...
5259-5480
3.04e-48
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, N-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the thiolase family (pfam00108) and also chalcone synthase. The active site of beta-ketoacyl synthase is located between the N and C-terminal domains. The N-terminal domain contains most of the structures involved in dimer formation and also the active site cysteine.
Pssm-ID: 425468 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 251 Bit Score: 175.13 E-value: 3.04e-48
This enzymatic domain is part of bacterial polyketide synthases; It catalyses the first step ...
3203-3377
8.26e-43
This enzymatic domain is part of bacterial polyketide synthases; It catalyses the first step in the reductive modification of the beta-carbonyl centres in the growing polyketide chain. It uses NADPH to reduce the keto group to a hydroxy group.
Pssm-ID: 214833 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 180 Bit Score: 156.49 E-value: 8.26e-43
ketoreductase (KR) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), complex (x) SDRs; Ketoreductase, a module of ...
3200-3424
3.72e-42
ketoreductase (KR) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), complex (x) SDRs; Ketoreductase, a module of the multidomain polyketide synthase (PKS), has 2 subdomains, each corresponding to a SDR family monomer. The C-terminal subdomain catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of the beta-carbonyl of a polyketide to a hydroxyl group, a step in the biosynthesis of polyketides, such as erythromycin. The N-terminal subdomain, an interdomain linker, is a truncated Rossmann fold which acts to stabilizes the catalytic subdomain. Unlike typical SDRs, the isolated domain does not oligomerize but is composed of 2 subdomains, each resembling an SDR monomer. The active site resembles that of typical SDRs, except that the usual positions of the catalytic Asn and Tyr are swapped, so that the canonical YXXXK motif changes to YXXXN. Modular PKSs are multifunctional structures in which the makeup recapitulates that found in (and may have evolved from) FAS. In some instances, such as porcine FAS, an enoyl reductase (ER) module is inserted between the sub-domains. Fatty acid synthesis occurs via the stepwise elongation of a chain (which is attached to acyl carrier protein, ACP) with 2-carbon units. Eukaryotic systems consist of large, multifunctional synthases (type I) while bacterial, type II systems, use single function proteins. Fungal fatty acid synthase uses a dodecamer of 6 alpha and 6 beta subunits. In mammalian type FAS cycles, ketoacyl synthase forms acetoacetyl-ACP which is reduced by the NADP-dependent beta-KR, forming beta-hydroxyacyl-ACP, which is in turn dehydrated by dehydratase to a beta-enoyl intermediate, which is reduced by NADP-dependent beta-ER. Polyketide synthesis also proceeds via the addition of 2-carbon units as in fatty acid synthesis. The complex SDR NADP-binding motif, GGXGXXG, is often present, but is not strictly conserved in each instance of the module. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type KRs have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187582 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 375 Bit Score: 161.78 E-value: 3.72e-42
Beta-ketoacyl synthase; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the ...
830-1197
5.72e-41
Beta-ketoacyl synthase; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the thiolase family and also chalcone synthase. The active site of beta-ketoacyl synthase is located between the N and C-terminal domains.
Pssm-ID: 214836 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 298 Bit Score: 155.56 E-value: 5.72e-41
KR domain; This enzymatic domain is part of bacterial polyketide synthases and catalyzes the ...
3203-3377
3.20e-40
KR domain; This enzymatic domain is part of bacterial polyketide synthases and catalyzes the first step in the reductive modification of the beta-carbonyl centres in the growing polyketide chain. It uses NADPH to reduce the keto group to a hydroxy group.
Pssm-ID: 430138 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 180 Bit Score: 149.25 E-value: 3.20e-40
malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase; This enzyme of fatty acid biosynthesis ...
3644-3925
3.61e-40
malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase; This enzyme of fatty acid biosynthesis transfers the malonyl moeity from coenzyme A to acyl-carrier protein. The seed alignment for this family of proteins contains a single member each from a number of bacterial species but also an additional pair of closely related, uncharacterized proteins from B. subtilis, one of which has a long C-terminal extension. [Fatty acid and phospholipid metabolism, Biosynthesis]
Pssm-ID: 272922 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 290 Bit Score: 153.01 E-value: 3.61e-40
amino acid adenylation domain; This model represents a domain responsible for the specific ...
7000-7356
5.07e-38
amino acid adenylation domain; This model represents a domain responsible for the specific recognition of amino acids and activation as adenylyl amino acids. The reaction catalyzed is aa + ATP -> aa-AMP + PPi. These domains are usually found as components of multi-domain non-ribosomal peptide synthetases and are usually called "A-domains" in that context. A-domains are almost invariably followed by "T-domains" (thiolation domains, pfam00550) to which the amino acid adenylate is transferred as a thiol-ester to a bound pantetheine cofactor with the release of AMP (these are also called peptide carrier proteins, or PCPs. When the A-domain does not represent the first module (corresponding to the first amino acid in the product molecule) it is usually preceded by a "C-domain" (condensation domain, pfam00668) which catalyzes the ligation of two amino acid thiol-esters from neighboring modules. This domain is a subset of the AMP-binding domain found in Pfam (pfam00501) which also hits substrate--CoA ligases and luciferases. Sequences scoring in between trusted and noise for this model may be ambiguous as to whether they activate amino acids or other molecules lacking an alpha amino group.
Pssm-ID: 273779 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 409 Bit Score: 150.49 E-value: 5.07e-38
polyketide-type polyunsaturated fatty acid synthase PfaA; Members of the seed for this ...
126-599
2.33e-27
polyketide-type polyunsaturated fatty acid synthase PfaA; Members of the seed for this alignment are involved in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, such as the protein PfaA from the eicosapentaenoic acid biosynthesis operon in Photobacterium profundum strain SS9. PfaA is encoded together with PfaB, PfaC, and PfaD, and the functions of the individual polypeptides have not yet been described. More distant homologs of PfaA, also included with the reach of this model, appear to be involved in polyketide-like biosynthetic mechanisms of polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, an alternative to the more familiar iterated mechanism of chain extension and desaturation, and in most cases are encoded near genes for homologs of PfaB, PfaC, and/or PfaD.
Pssm-ID: 274311 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 2582 Bit Score: 124.73 E-value: 2.33e-27
polyketide-type polyunsaturated fatty acid synthase PfaA; Members of the seed for this ...
1885-2355
6.16e-24
polyketide-type polyunsaturated fatty acid synthase PfaA; Members of the seed for this alignment are involved in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, such as the protein PfaA from the eicosapentaenoic acid biosynthesis operon in Photobacterium profundum strain SS9. PfaA is encoded together with PfaB, PfaC, and PfaD, and the functions of the individual polypeptides have not yet been described. More distant homologs of PfaA, also included with the reach of this model, appear to be involved in polyketide-like biosynthetic mechanisms of polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, an alternative to the more familiar iterated mechanism of chain extension and desaturation, and in most cases are encoded near genes for homologs of PfaB, PfaC, and/or PfaD.
Pssm-ID: 274311 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 2582 Bit Score: 113.18 E-value: 6.16e-24
Condensation domain; This domain is found in many multi-domain enzymes which synthesize ...
6558-6980
5.33e-21
Condensation domain; This domain is found in many multi-domain enzymes which synthesize peptide antibiotics. This domain catalyzes a condensation reaction to form peptide bonds in non- ribosomal peptide biosynthesis. It is usually found to the carboxy side of a phosphopantetheine binding domain (pfam00550). It has been shown that mutations in the HHXXXDG motif abolish activity suggesting this is part of the active site.
Pssm-ID: 395541 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 454 Bit Score: 100.49 E-value: 5.33e-21
Condensation domain of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs); Condensation (C) domains of ...
6560-6954
6.24e-17
Condensation domain of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs); Condensation (C) domains of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) catalyze peptide bond formation within (usually) large multi-modular enzymatic complexes. NRPS can use a large variety of acyl monomers (approximately 500 different possible monomer substrates as opposed to the 20 standard amino acids in ribosomal protein synthesis) to construct bioactive secondary metabolites of 2 to 18 units long, with various activities such as antibiotic, antifungal, antitumor and immunosuppression. There are various subtypes of C-domains such as the LCL-type which catalyzes peptide bond formation between two L-amino acids, the DCL-type which links an L-amino acid to the D-amino acid at the end of a growing peptide, starter C-domains which acylate the first amino acid with a beta-hydroxy carboxylic acid, and heterocyclization (Cyc) domains which catalyze both peptide bond formation and cyclization of Cys, Ser, or Thr residues. Typically, an NRPS module consists of an adenylation domain, a peptidyl carrier protein (PCP) domain (also known as thiolation (T) domain) and a C-domain. NRPS modules may also include specialized domains such as the terminal-module thioesterase (Te) domain that releases the product via hydrolysis or macrocyclization and any of various C-domain family members such as the epimerization (E) domain, the ester-bond forming C-domain, dual E/C (epimerization and condensation) domains, and the X-domain. C-domains typically have a conserved HHxxxD motif at the active site; mutations in this motif can abolish or diminish condensation activity.
Pssm-ID: 380453 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 427 Bit Score: 87.46 E-value: 6.24e-17
ketoreductase (KR) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), complex (x) SDRs; Ketoreductase, a module of ...
4991-5131
7.38e-16
ketoreductase (KR) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), complex (x) SDRs; Ketoreductase, a module of the multidomain polyketide synthase (PKS), has 2 subdomains, each corresponding to a SDR family monomer. The C-terminal subdomain catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of the beta-carbonyl of a polyketide to a hydroxyl group, a step in the biosynthesis of polyketides, such as erythromycin. The N-terminal subdomain, an interdomain linker, is a truncated Rossmann fold which acts to stabilizes the catalytic subdomain. Unlike typical SDRs, the isolated domain does not oligomerize but is composed of 2 subdomains, each resembling an SDR monomer. The active site resembles that of typical SDRs, except that the usual positions of the catalytic Asn and Tyr are swapped, so that the canonical YXXXK motif changes to YXXXN. Modular PKSs are multifunctional structures in which the makeup recapitulates that found in (and may have evolved from) FAS. In some instances, such as porcine FAS, an enoyl reductase (ER) module is inserted between the sub-domains. Fatty acid synthesis occurs via the stepwise elongation of a chain (which is attached to acyl carrier protein, ACP) with 2-carbon units. Eukaryotic systems consist of large, multifunctional synthases (type I) while bacterial, type II systems, use single function proteins. Fungal fatty acid synthase uses a dodecamer of 6 alpha and 6 beta subunits. In mammalian type FAS cycles, ketoacyl synthase forms acetoacetyl-ACP which is reduced by the NADP-dependent beta-KR, forming beta-hydroxyacyl-ACP, which is in turn dehydrated by dehydratase to a beta-enoyl intermediate, which is reduced by NADP-dependent beta-ER. Polyketide synthesis also proceeds via the addition of 2-carbon units as in fatty acid synthesis. The complex SDR NADP-binding motif, GGXGXXG, is often present, but is not strictly conserved in each instance of the module. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type KRs have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187582 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 375 Bit Score: 83.59 E-value: 7.38e-16
polyketide-type polyunsaturated fatty acid synthase PfaA; Members of the seed for this ...
950-1197
4.26e-15
polyketide-type polyunsaturated fatty acid synthase PfaA; Members of the seed for this alignment are involved in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, such as the protein PfaA from the eicosapentaenoic acid biosynthesis operon in Photobacterium profundum strain SS9. PfaA is encoded together with PfaB, PfaC, and PfaD, and the functions of the individual polypeptides have not yet been described. More distant homologs of PfaA, also included with the reach of this model, appear to be involved in polyketide-like biosynthetic mechanisms of polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, an alternative to the more familiar iterated mechanism of chain extension and desaturation, and in most cases are encoded near genes for homologs of PfaB, PfaC, and/or PfaD.
Pssm-ID: 274311 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 2582 Bit Score: 84.29 E-value: 4.26e-15
This enzymatic domain is part of bacterial polyketide synthases; It catalyses the first step ...
4991-5081
4.13e-14
This enzymatic domain is part of bacterial polyketide synthases; It catalyses the first step in the reductive modification of the beta-carbonyl centres in the growing polyketide chain. It uses NADPH to reduce the keto group to a hydroxy group.
Pssm-ID: 214833 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 180 Bit Score: 74.06 E-value: 4.13e-14
malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase; This enzyme of fatty acid biosynthesis ...
5803-6010
7.69e-12
malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase; This enzyme of fatty acid biosynthesis transfers the malonyl moeity from coenzyme A to acyl-carrier protein. The seed alignment for this family of proteins contains a single member each from a number of bacterial species but also an additional pair of closely related, uncharacterized proteins from B. subtilis, one of which has a long C-terminal extension. [Fatty acid and phospholipid metabolism, Biosynthesis]
Pssm-ID: 272922 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 290 Bit Score: 70.19 E-value: 7.69e-12
Polyketide synthase dehydratase; This is the dehydratase domain of polyketide synthases. ...
1544-1759
3.71e-11
Polyketide synthase dehydratase; This is the dehydratase domain of polyketide synthases. Structural analysis shows these DH domains are double hotdogs in which the active site contains a histidine from the N-terminal hotdog and an aspartate from the C-terminal hotdog. Studies have uncovered that a substrate tunnel formed between the DH domains may be essential for loading substrates and unloading products.
Pssm-ID: 434191 Cd Length: 296 Bit Score: 68.17 E-value: 3.71e-11
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the ...
2943-3024
1.00e-10
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the prosthetic group of acyl carrier proteins (ACP) in some multienzyme complexes where it serves as a 'swinging arm' for the attachment of activated fatty acid and amino-acid groups.
Pssm-ID: 214834 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 86 Bit Score: 61.50 E-value: 1.00e-10
ketoreductase (KR), subgroup 2, complex (x) SDRs; Ketoreductase, a module of the multidomain ...
6237-6393
4.46e-10
ketoreductase (KR), subgroup 2, complex (x) SDRs; Ketoreductase, a module of the multidomain polyketide synthase (PKS), has 2 subdomains, each corresponding to a SDR family monomer. The C-terminal subdomain catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of the beta-carbonyl of a polyketide to a hydroxyl group, a step in the biosynthesis of polyketides, such as erythromycin. The N-terminal subdomain, an interdomain linker, is a truncated Rossmann fold which acts to stabilizes the catalytic subdomain. Unlike typical SDRs, the isolated domain does not oligomerize but is composed of 2 subdomains, each resembling an SDR monomer. The active site resembles that of typical SDRs, except that the usual positions of the catalytic Asn and Tyr are swapped, so that the canonical YXXXK motif changes to YXXXN. Modular PKSs are multifunctional structures in which the makeup recapitulates that found in (and may have evolved from) FAS. Polyketide synthesis also proceeds via the addition of 2-carbon units as in fatty acid synthesis. The complex SDR NADP-binding motif, GGXGXXG, is often present, but is not strictly conserved in each instance of the module. This subfamily includes both KR domains of the Bacillus subtilis Pks J,-L, and PksM, and all three KR domains of PksN, components of the megacomplex bacillaene synthase, which synthesizes the antibiotic bacillaene. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type KRs have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187656 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 436 Bit Score: 66.24 E-value: 4.46e-10
KR domain; This enzymatic domain is part of bacterial polyketide synthases and catalyzes the ...
6214-6369
1.15e-09
KR domain; This enzymatic domain is part of bacterial polyketide synthases and catalyzes the first step in the reductive modification of the beta-carbonyl centres in the growing polyketide chain. It uses NADPH to reduce the keto group to a hydroxy group.
Pssm-ID: 430138 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 180 Bit Score: 61.42 E-value: 1.15e-09
Polyketide synthase dehydratase; This is the dehydratase domain of polyketide synthases. ...
3994-4216
4.11e-09
Polyketide synthase dehydratase; This is the dehydratase domain of polyketide synthases. Structural analysis shows these DH domains are double hotdogs in which the active site contains a histidine from the N-terminal hotdog and an aspartate from the C-terminal hotdog. Studies have uncovered that a substrate tunnel formed between the DH domains may be essential for loading substrates and unloading products.
Pssm-ID: 434191 Cd Length: 296 Bit Score: 62.00 E-value: 4.11e-09
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the ...
2790-2867
9.93e-09
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the prosthetic group of acyl carrier proteins (ACP) in some multienzyme complexes where it serves as a 'swinging arm' for the attachment of activated fatty acid and amino-acid groups.
Pssm-ID: 214834 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 86 Bit Score: 55.72 E-value: 9.93e-09
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; A 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group is attached ...
2800-2863
4.16e-08
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; A 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group is attached through a serine. This prosthetic group acts as a a 'swinging arm' for the attachment of activated fatty acid and amino-acid groups. This domain forms a four helix bundle. This family includes members not included in Prosite. The inclusion of these members is supported by sequence analysis and functional evidence. The related domain of Swiss:P19828 has the attachment serine replaced by an alanine.
Pssm-ID: 425746 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 62 Bit Score: 53.34 E-value: 4.16e-08
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the ...
1806-1857
5.17e-08
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the prosthetic group of acyl carrier proteins (ACP) in some multienzyme complexes where it serves as a 'swinging arm' for the attachment of activated fatty acid and amino-acid groups.
Pssm-ID: 214834 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 86 Bit Score: 53.79 E-value: 5.17e-08
This enzymatic domain is part of bacterial polyketide synthases; It catalyses the first step ...
6265-6369
1.31e-07
This enzymatic domain is part of bacterial polyketide synthases; It catalyses the first step in the reductive modification of the beta-carbonyl centres in the growing polyketide chain. It uses NADPH to reduce the keto group to a hydroxy group.
Pssm-ID: 214833 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 180 Bit Score: 55.18 E-value: 1.31e-07
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; A 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group is attached ...
3485-3543
1.90e-07
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; A 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group is attached through a serine. This prosthetic group acts as a a 'swinging arm' for the attachment of activated fatty acid and amino-acid groups. This domain forms a four helix bundle. This family includes members not included in Prosite. The inclusion of these members is supported by sequence analysis and functional evidence. The related domain of Swiss:P19828 has the attachment serine replaced by an alanine.
Pssm-ID: 425746 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 62 Bit Score: 51.41 E-value: 1.90e-07
KR domain; This enzymatic domain is part of bacterial polyketide synthases and catalyzes the ...
4943-5081
3.03e-07
KR domain; This enzymatic domain is part of bacterial polyketide synthases and catalyzes the first step in the reductive modification of the beta-carbonyl centres in the growing polyketide chain. It uses NADPH to reduce the keto group to a hydroxy group.
Pssm-ID: 430138 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 180 Bit Score: 54.11 E-value: 3.03e-07
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the ...
3485-3552
5.34e-07
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the prosthetic group of acyl carrier proteins (ACP) in some multienzyme complexes where it serves as a 'swinging arm' for the attachment of activated fatty acid and amino-acid groups.
Pssm-ID: 214834 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 86 Bit Score: 50.71 E-value: 5.34e-07
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; A 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group is attached ...
2949-3016
6.59e-06
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; A 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group is attached through a serine. This prosthetic group acts as a a 'swinging arm' for the attachment of activated fatty acid and amino-acid groups. This domain forms a four helix bundle. This family includes members not included in Prosite. The inclusion of these members is supported by sequence analysis and functional evidence. The related domain of Swiss:P19828 has the attachment serine replaced by an alanine.
Pssm-ID: 425746 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 62 Bit Score: 47.17 E-value: 6.59e-06
Ketoacyl-synthetase C-terminal extension; KAsynt_C_assoc represents the very C-terminus of a ...
376-431
6.77e-06
Ketoacyl-synthetase C-terminal extension; KAsynt_C_assoc represents the very C-terminus of a subset of proteins from the keto-acyl-synthetase 2 family. It is found in proteins ranging from bacteria to human.
Pssm-ID: 465059 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 111 Bit Score: 48.70 E-value: 6.77e-06
Ketoacyl-synthetase C-terminal extension; KAsynt_C_assoc represents the very C-terminus of a ...
4614-4695
1.03e-05
Ketoacyl-synthetase C-terminal extension; KAsynt_C_assoc represents the very C-terminus of a subset of proteins from the keto-acyl-synthetase 2 family. It is found in proteins ranging from bacteria to human.
Pssm-ID: 465059 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 111 Bit Score: 47.92 E-value: 1.03e-05
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; A 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group is attached ...
736-792
3.03e-04
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; A 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group is attached through a serine. This prosthetic group acts as a a 'swinging arm' for the attachment of activated fatty acid and amino-acid groups. This domain forms a four helix bundle. This family includes members not included in Prosite. The inclusion of these members is supported by sequence analysis and functional evidence. The related domain of Swiss:P19828 has the attachment serine replaced by an alanine.
Pssm-ID: 425746 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 62 Bit Score: 42.17 E-value: 3.03e-04
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; A 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group is attached ...
5168-5222
3.76e-04
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; A 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group is attached through a serine. This prosthetic group acts as a a 'swinging arm' for the attachment of activated fatty acid and amino-acid groups. This domain forms a four helix bundle. This family includes members not included in Prosite. The inclusion of these members is supported by sequence analysis and functional evidence. The related domain of Swiss:P19828 has the attachment serine replaced by an alanine.
Pssm-ID: 425746 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 62 Bit Score: 42.17 E-value: 3.76e-04
Thioesterase domain; Peptide synthetases are involved in the non-ribosomal synthesis of ...
7527-7622
4.30e-04
Thioesterase domain; Peptide synthetases are involved in the non-ribosomal synthesis of peptide antibiotics. Next to the operons encoding these enzymes, in almost all cases, are genes that encode proteins that have similarity to the type II fatty acid thioesterases of vertebrates. There are also modules within the peptide synthetases that also share this similarity. With respect to antibiotic production, thioesterases are required for the addition of the last amino acid to the peptide antibiotic, thereby forming a cyclic antibiotic. Thioesterases (non-integrated) have molecular masses of 25-29 kDa.
Pssm-ID: 395776 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 223 Bit Score: 45.84 E-value: 4.30e-04
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the ...
6475-6539
9.54e-04
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the prosthetic group of acyl carrier proteins (ACP) in some multienzyme complexes where it serves as a 'swinging arm' for the attachment of activated fatty acid and amino-acid groups.
Pssm-ID: 214834 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 86 Bit Score: 41.85 E-value: 9.54e-04
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the ...
5186-5230
4.22e-03
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the prosthetic group of acyl carrier proteins (ACP) in some multienzyme complexes where it serves as a 'swinging arm' for the attachment of activated fatty acid and amino-acid groups.
Pssm-ID: 214834 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 86 Bit Score: 39.93 E-value: 4.22e-03
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; A 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group is attached ...
1806-1848
8.24e-03
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; A 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group is attached through a serine. This prosthetic group acts as a a 'swinging arm' for the attachment of activated fatty acid and amino-acid groups. This domain forms a four helix bundle. This family includes members not included in Prosite. The inclusion of these members is supported by sequence analysis and functional evidence. The related domain of Swiss:P19828 has the attachment serine replaced by an alanine.
Pssm-ID: 425746 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 62 Bit Score: 38.31 E-value: 8.24e-03
acyl-CoA synthetase family member 4; This family of the adenylation (A) domain of nonribosomal ...
6987-7412
4.74e-160
acyl-CoA synthetase family member 4; This family of the adenylation (A) domain of nonribosomal peptide synthases (NRPS) contains acyl-CoA synthethase family member 4, also known as 2-aminoadipic 6-semialdehyde dehydrogenase or aminoadipate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, most of which are uncharacterized. Acyl-CoA synthetase catalyzes the initial reaction in fatty acid metabolism, by forming a thioester with CoA. NRPSs are large multifunctional enzymes which synthesize many therapeutically useful peptides in bacteria and fungi via a template-directed, nucleic acid independent nonribosomal mechanism. These natural products include antibiotics, immunosuppressants, plant and animal toxins, and enzyme inhibitors. NRPS has a distinct modular structure in which each module is responsible for the recognition, activation, and in some cases, modification of a single amino acid residue of the final peptide product. The modules can be subdivided into domains that catalyze specific biochemical reactions.
Pssm-ID: 341309 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 449 Bit Score: 504.70 E-value: 4.74e-160
polyketide synthases (PKSs) polymerize simple fatty acids into a large variety of different ...
5258-5645
5.51e-123
polyketide synthases (PKSs) polymerize simple fatty acids into a large variety of different products, called polyketides, by successive decarboxylating Claisen condensations. PKSs can be divided into 2 groups, modular type I PKSs consisting of one or more large multifunctional proteins and iterative type II PKSs, complexes of several monofunctional subunits.
Pssm-ID: 238429 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 421 Bit Score: 396.93 E-value: 5.51e-123
polyketide synthases (PKSs) polymerize simple fatty acids into a large variety of different ...
1889-2282
5.41e-122
polyketide synthases (PKSs) polymerize simple fatty acids into a large variety of different products, called polyketides, by successive decarboxylating Claisen condensations. PKSs can be divided into 2 groups, modular type I PKSs consisting of one or more large multifunctional proteins and iterative type II PKSs, complexes of several monofunctional subunits.
Pssm-ID: 238429 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 421 Bit Score: 394.23 E-value: 5.41e-122
polyketide synthases (PKSs) polymerize simple fatty acids into a large variety of different ...
13-394
9.44e-106
polyketide synthases (PKSs) polymerize simple fatty acids into a large variety of different products, called polyketides, by successive decarboxylating Claisen condensations. PKSs can be divided into 2 groups, modular type I PKSs consisting of one or more large multifunctional proteins and iterative type II PKSs, complexes of several monofunctional subunits.
Pssm-ID: 238429 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 421 Bit Score: 347.24 E-value: 9.44e-106
polyketide synthases (PKSs) polymerize simple fatty acids into a large variety of different ...
4290-4628
2.55e-93
polyketide synthases (PKSs) polymerize simple fatty acids into a large variety of different products, called polyketides, by successive decarboxylating Claisen condensations. PKSs can be divided into 2 groups, modular type I PKSs consisting of one or more large multifunctional proteins and iterative type II PKSs, complexes of several monofunctional subunits.
Pssm-ID: 238429 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 421 Bit Score: 311.41 E-value: 2.55e-93
Beta-ketoacyl synthase; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the ...
1891-2282
1.47e-81
Beta-ketoacyl synthase; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the thiolase family and also chalcone synthase. The active site of beta-ketoacyl synthase is located between the N and C-terminal domains.
Pssm-ID: 214836 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 298 Bit Score: 272.67 E-value: 1.47e-81
Beta-ketoacyl synthase; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the ...
5260-5646
5.19e-81
Beta-ketoacyl synthase; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the thiolase family and also chalcone synthase. The active site of beta-ketoacyl synthase is located between the N and C-terminal domains.
Pssm-ID: 214836 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 298 Bit Score: 271.12 E-value: 5.19e-81
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, N-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar ...
1889-2124
2.60e-75
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, N-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the thiolase family (pfam00108) and also chalcone synthase. The active site of beta-ketoacyl synthase is located between the N and C-terminal domains. The N-terminal domain contains most of the structures involved in dimer formation and also the active site cysteine.
Pssm-ID: 425468 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 251 Bit Score: 252.94 E-value: 2.60e-75
Beta-ketoacyl synthase; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the ...
57-395
3.43e-72
Beta-ketoacyl synthase; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the thiolase family and also chalcone synthase. The active site of beta-ketoacyl synthase is located between the N and C-terminal domains.
Pssm-ID: 214836 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 298 Bit Score: 245.70 E-value: 3.43e-72
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, N-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar ...
6-236
5.34e-65
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, N-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the thiolase family (pfam00108) and also chalcone synthase. The active site of beta-ketoacyl synthase is located between the N and C-terminal domains. The N-terminal domain contains most of the structures involved in dimer formation and also the active site cysteine.
Pssm-ID: 425468 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 251 Bit Score: 223.28 E-value: 5.34e-65
polyketide synthases (PKSs) polymerize simple fatty acids into a large variety of different ...
830-1197
1.30e-64
polyketide synthases (PKSs) polymerize simple fatty acids into a large variety of different products, called polyketides, by successive decarboxylating Claisen condensations. PKSs can be divided into 2 groups, modular type I PKSs consisting of one or more large multifunctional proteins and iterative type II PKSs, complexes of several monofunctional subunits.
Pssm-ID: 238429 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 421 Bit Score: 228.60 E-value: 1.30e-64
Malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase [Lipid transport and metabolism]; Malonyl ...
3644-3925
1.73e-61
Malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase [Lipid transport and metabolism]; Malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase is part of the Pathway/BioSystem: Fatty acid biosynthesis
Pssm-ID: 440100 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 306 Bit Score: 215.38 E-value: 1.73e-61
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, N-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar ...
4242-4472
2.57e-60
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, N-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the thiolase family (pfam00108) and also chalcone synthase. The active site of beta-ketoacyl synthase is located between the N and C-terminal domains. The N-terminal domain contains most of the structures involved in dimer formation and also the active site cysteine.
Pssm-ID: 425468 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 251 Bit Score: 209.80 E-value: 2.57e-60
Beta-ketoacyl synthase; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the ...
4295-4628
1.52e-57
Beta-ketoacyl synthase; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the thiolase family and also chalcone synthase. The active site of beta-ketoacyl synthase is located between the N and C-terminal domains.
Pssm-ID: 214836 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 298 Bit Score: 203.71 E-value: 1.52e-57
The adenylation domain of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS); The adenylation (A) domain ...
6989-7412
1.11e-54
The adenylation domain of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS); The adenylation (A) domain of NRPS recognizes a specific amino acid or hydroxy acid and activates it as an (amino) acyl adenylate by hydrolysis of ATP. The activated acyl moiety then forms a thioester bond to the enzyme-bound cofactor phosphopantetheine of a peptidyl carrier protein domain. NRPSs are large multifunctional enzymes which synthesize many therapeutically useful peptides in bacteria and fungi via a template-directed, nucleic acid independent nonribosomal mechanism. These natural products include antibiotics, immunosuppressants, plant and animal toxins, and enzyme inhibitors. NRPS has a distinct modular structure in which each module is responsible for the recognition, activation, and in some cases, modification of a single amino acid residue of the final peptide product. The modules can be subdivided into domains that catalyze specific biochemical reactions.
Pssm-ID: 341253 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 444 Bit Score: 200.45 E-value: 1.11e-54
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, N-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar ...
825-1056
2.94e-53
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, N-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the thiolase family (pfam00108) and also chalcone synthase. The active site of beta-ketoacyl synthase is located between the N and C-terminal domains. The N-terminal domain contains most of the structures involved in dimer formation and also the active site cysteine.
Pssm-ID: 425468 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 251 Bit Score: 189.38 E-value: 2.94e-53
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, N-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar ...
5259-5480
3.04e-48
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, N-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the thiolase family (pfam00108) and also chalcone synthase. The active site of beta-ketoacyl synthase is located between the N and C-terminal domains. The N-terminal domain contains most of the structures involved in dimer formation and also the active site cysteine.
Pssm-ID: 425468 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 251 Bit Score: 175.13 E-value: 3.04e-48
The adenylation (A) domain of siderophore-synthesizing nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS); ...
7027-7419
2.02e-47
The adenylation (A) domain of siderophore-synthesizing nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS); The adenylation (A) domain of NRPS recognizes a specific amino acid or hydroxy acid and activates it as an (amino) acyl adenylate by hydrolysis of ATP. The activated acyl moiety then forms a thioester to the enzyme-bound cofactor phosphopantetheine of a peptidyl carrier protein domain. This family of siderophore-synthesizing NRPS includes the third adenylation domain of SidN from the endophytic fungus Neotyphodium lolii, ferrichrome siderophore synthetase, HC-toxin synthetase, and enniatin synthase. NRPSs are large multifunctional enzymes which synthesize many therapeutically useful peptides. These natural products include antibiotics, immunosuppressants, plant and animal toxins, and enzyme inhibitors. NRPS has a distinct modular structure in which each module is responsible for the recognition, activation, and in some cases, modification of a single amino acid residue of the final peptide product. The modules can be subdivided into domains that catalyze specific biochemical reactions.
Pssm-ID: 341242 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 481 Bit Score: 180.05 E-value: 2.02e-47
nonribosomal peptide synthase GliP-like; This family includes the adenylation (A) domain of ...
6991-7414
1.23e-45
nonribosomal peptide synthase GliP-like; This family includes the adenylation (A) domain of nonribosomal peptide synthases (NRPS) gliotoxin biosynthesis protein P (GliP), thioclapurine biosynthesis protein P (tcpP) and Sirodesmin biosynthesis protein P (SirP). In the filamentous fungus Aspergillus fumigatus, NRPS GliP is involved in the biosynthesis of gliotoxin, which is initiated by the condensation of serine and phenylalanine. Studies show that GliP is not required for invasive aspergillosis, suggesting that the principal targets of gliotoxin are neutrophils or other phagocytes. SirP is a phytotoxin produced by the fungus Leptosphaeria maculans, which causes blackleg disease of canola (Brassica napus). In the fungus Claviceps purpurea, NRPS tcpP catalyzes condensation of tyrosine and glycine, part of biosynthesis of an unusual class of epipolythiodioxopiperazines (ETPs) that lacks the reactive thiol group for toxicity. The adenylation (A) domain of NRPS recognizes a specific amino acid or hydroxy acid and activates it as an (amino) acyl adenylate by hydrolysis of ATP. The activated acyl moiety then forms a thioester bond to the enzyme-bound cofactor phosphopantetheine of a peptidyl carrier protein domain. NRPSs are large multifunctional enzymes which synthesize many therapeutically useful peptides in bacteria and fungi via a template-directed, nucleic acid independent nonribosomal mechanism. These natural products include antibiotics, immunosuppressants, plant and animal toxins, and enzyme inhibitors. NRPS has a distinct modular structure in which each module is responsible for the recognition, activation, and in some cases, modification of a single amino acid residue of the final peptide product. The modules can be subdivided into domains that catalyze specific biochemical reactions.
Pssm-ID: 341308 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 433 Bit Score: 173.65 E-value: 1.23e-45
Beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) synthase (KAS), type I and II. KASs are responsible ...
5259-5645
2.86e-45
Beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) synthase (KAS), type I and II. KASs are responsible for the elongation steps in fatty acid biosynthesis. KASIII catalyses the initial condensation and KAS I and II catalyze further elongation steps by Claisen condensation of malonyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) with acyl-ACP.
Pssm-ID: 238430 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 406 Bit Score: 171.57 E-value: 2.86e-45
Beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) synthase (KAS), type I and II. KASs are responsible ...
13-394
3.14e-45
Beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) synthase (KAS), type I and II. KASs are responsible for the elongation steps in fatty acid biosynthesis. KASIII catalyses the initial condensation and KAS I and II catalyze further elongation steps by Claisen condensation of malonyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) with acyl-ACP.
Pssm-ID: 238430 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 406 Bit Score: 171.57 E-value: 3.14e-45
This enzymatic domain is part of bacterial polyketide synthases; It catalyses the first step ...
3203-3377
8.26e-43
This enzymatic domain is part of bacterial polyketide synthases; It catalyses the first step in the reductive modification of the beta-carbonyl centres in the growing polyketide chain. It uses NADPH to reduce the keto group to a hydroxy group.
Pssm-ID: 214833 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 180 Bit Score: 156.49 E-value: 8.26e-43
similar to adenylation domain of anabaenopeptin synthetase (ApnA); This family of the ...
6991-7412
1.23e-42
similar to adenylation domain of anabaenopeptin synthetase (ApnA); This family of the adenylation (A) domain of nonribosomal peptide synthases (NRPS) includes Planktothrix agardhii anabaenopeptin synthetase (ApnA A1), which is capable of activating two chemically distinct amino acids (Arg and Tyr). Structural studies show that the architecture of the active site forces Arg to adopt a Tyr-like conformation, thus explaining the bispecificity. The adenylation (A) domain of NRPS recognizes a specific amino acid or hydroxy acid and activates it as an (amino) acyl adenylate by hydrolysis of ATP. The activated acyl moiety then forms a thioester bond to the enzyme-bound cofactor phosphopantetheine of a peptidyl carrier protein domain. NRPSs are large multifunctional enzymes which synthesize many therapeutically useful peptides in bacteria and fungi via a template-directed, nucleic acid independent nonribosomal mechanism. These natural products include antibiotics, immunosuppressants, plant and animal toxins, and enzyme inhibitors. NRPS has a distinct modular structure in which each module is responsible for the recognition, activation, and in some cases, modification of a single amino acid residue of the final peptide product. The modules can be subdivided into domains that catalyze specific biochemical reactions.
Pssm-ID: 341299 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 465 Bit Score: 165.69 E-value: 1.23e-42
ketoreductase (KR) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), complex (x) SDRs; Ketoreductase, a module of ...
3200-3424
3.72e-42
ketoreductase (KR) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), complex (x) SDRs; Ketoreductase, a module of the multidomain polyketide synthase (PKS), has 2 subdomains, each corresponding to a SDR family monomer. The C-terminal subdomain catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of the beta-carbonyl of a polyketide to a hydroxyl group, a step in the biosynthesis of polyketides, such as erythromycin. The N-terminal subdomain, an interdomain linker, is a truncated Rossmann fold which acts to stabilizes the catalytic subdomain. Unlike typical SDRs, the isolated domain does not oligomerize but is composed of 2 subdomains, each resembling an SDR monomer. The active site resembles that of typical SDRs, except that the usual positions of the catalytic Asn and Tyr are swapped, so that the canonical YXXXK motif changes to YXXXN. Modular PKSs are multifunctional structures in which the makeup recapitulates that found in (and may have evolved from) FAS. In some instances, such as porcine FAS, an enoyl reductase (ER) module is inserted between the sub-domains. Fatty acid synthesis occurs via the stepwise elongation of a chain (which is attached to acyl carrier protein, ACP) with 2-carbon units. Eukaryotic systems consist of large, multifunctional synthases (type I) while bacterial, type II systems, use single function proteins. Fungal fatty acid synthase uses a dodecamer of 6 alpha and 6 beta subunits. In mammalian type FAS cycles, ketoacyl synthase forms acetoacetyl-ACP which is reduced by the NADP-dependent beta-KR, forming beta-hydroxyacyl-ACP, which is in turn dehydrated by dehydratase to a beta-enoyl intermediate, which is reduced by NADP-dependent beta-ER. Polyketide synthesis also proceeds via the addition of 2-carbon units as in fatty acid synthesis. The complex SDR NADP-binding motif, GGXGXXG, is often present, but is not strictly conserved in each instance of the module. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type KRs have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187582 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 375 Bit Score: 161.78 E-value: 3.72e-42
3-oxoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) synthase [Lipid transport and metabolism, Secondary ...
5258-5645
3.21e-41
3-oxoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) synthase [Lipid transport and metabolism, Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism]; 3-oxoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) synthase is part of the Pathway/BioSystem: Fatty acid biosynthesis
Pssm-ID: 440073 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 409 Bit Score: 159.88 E-value: 3.21e-41
3-oxoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) synthase [Lipid transport and metabolism, Secondary ...
13-396
5.05e-41
3-oxoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) synthase [Lipid transport and metabolism, Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism]; 3-oxoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) synthase is part of the Pathway/BioSystem: Fatty acid biosynthesis
Pssm-ID: 440073 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 409 Bit Score: 159.49 E-value: 5.05e-41
Beta-ketoacyl synthase; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the ...
830-1197
5.72e-41
Beta-ketoacyl synthase; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the thiolase family and also chalcone synthase. The active site of beta-ketoacyl synthase is located between the N and C-terminal domains.
Pssm-ID: 214836 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 298 Bit Score: 155.56 E-value: 5.72e-41
bacitracin synthetase and related proteins; This family of the adenylation (A) domain of ...
6985-7412
1.40e-40
bacitracin synthetase and related proteins; This family of the adenylation (A) domain of nonribosomal peptide synthases (NRPS) includes bacitracin synthetases 1, 2, and 3 (BA1, also known as ATP-dependent cysteine adenylase or cysteine activase, BA2, also known as ATP-dependent lysine adenylase or lysine activase, and BA3, also known as ATP-dependent isoleucine adenylase or isoleucine activase) in Bacilli. Bacitracin is a mixture of related cyclic peptides used as a polypeptide antibiotic. This family also includes gramicidin synthetase 1 involved in synthesis of the cyclic peptide antibiotic gramicidin S via activation of phenylalanine. NRPSs are large multifunctional enzymes which synthesize many therapeutically useful peptides in bacteria and fungi via a template-directed, nucleic acid independent nonribosomal mechanism. These natural products include antibiotics, immunosuppressants, plant and animal toxins, and enzyme inhibitors. NRPS has a distinct modular structure in which each module is responsible for the recognition, activation, and in some cases, modification of a single amino acid residue of the final peptide product. The modules can be subdivided into domains that catalyze specific biochemical reactions.
Pssm-ID: 341310 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 490 Bit Score: 160.19 E-value: 1.40e-40
KR domain; This enzymatic domain is part of bacterial polyketide synthases and catalyzes the ...
3203-3377
3.20e-40
KR domain; This enzymatic domain is part of bacterial polyketide synthases and catalyzes the first step in the reductive modification of the beta-carbonyl centres in the growing polyketide chain. It uses NADPH to reduce the keto group to a hydroxy group.
Pssm-ID: 430138 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 180 Bit Score: 149.25 E-value: 3.20e-40
malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase; This enzyme of fatty acid biosynthesis ...
3644-3925
3.61e-40
malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase; This enzyme of fatty acid biosynthesis transfers the malonyl moeity from coenzyme A to acyl-carrier protein. The seed alignment for this family of proteins contains a single member each from a number of bacterial species but also an additional pair of closely related, uncharacterized proteins from B. subtilis, one of which has a long C-terminal extension. [Fatty acid and phospholipid metabolism, Biosynthesis]
Pssm-ID: 272922 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 290 Bit Score: 153.01 E-value: 3.61e-40
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, C-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar ...
5488-5603
2.45e-39
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, C-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the thiolase family (pfam00108) and also chalcone synthase. The active site of beta-ketoacyl synthase is located between the N and C-terminal domains.
Pssm-ID: 426989 Cd Length: 118 Bit Score: 144.25 E-value: 2.45e-39
decarboxylating condensing enzymes; Family of enzymes that catalyze the formation of a new ...
81-394
3.61e-39
decarboxylating condensing enzymes; Family of enzymes that catalyze the formation of a new carbon-carbon bond by a decarboxylating Claisen-like condensation reaction. Members are involved in the synthesis of fatty acids and polyketides, a diverse group of natural products. Both pathways are an iterative series of additions of small carbon units, usually acetate, to a nascent acyl group. There are 2 classes of decarboxylating condensing enzymes, which can be distinguished by sequence similarity, type of active site residues and type of primer units (acetyl CoA or acyl carrier protein (ACP) linked units).
Pssm-ID: 238421 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 332 Bit Score: 151.63 E-value: 3.61e-39
The adenylation domain of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS), including Bacillus subtilis ...
6990-7412
6.12e-39
The adenylation domain of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS), including Bacillus subtilis termination module Surfactin (SrfA-C); The adenylation (A) domain of NRPS recognizes a specific amino acid or hydroxy acid and activates it as an (amino) acyl adenylate by hydrolysis of ATP. The activated acyl moiety then forms a thioester to the enzyme-bound cofactor phosphopantetheine of a peptidyl carrier protein domain. NRPSs are large multifunctional enzymes which synthesize many therapeutically useful peptides in bacteria and fungi via a template-directed, nucleic acid independent nonribosomal mechanism. These natural products include antibiotics, immunosuppressants, plant and animal toxins, and enzyme inhibitors. NRPS has a distinct modular structure in which each module is responsible for the recognition, activation, and, in some cases, modification of a single amino acid residue of the final peptide product. The modules can be subdivided into domains that catalyze specific biochemical reactions. This family includes the adenylation domain of the Bacillus subtilis termination module (Surfactin domain, SrfA-C) which recognizes a specific amino acid building block, which is then activated and transferred to the terminal thiol of the 4'-phosphopantetheine (Ppan) arm of the downstream peptidyl carrier protein (PCP) domain.
Pssm-ID: 341282 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 483 Bit Score: 155.05 E-value: 6.12e-39
"elongating" condensing enzymes are a subclass of decarboxylating condensing enzymes, ...
78-394
1.79e-38
"elongating" condensing enzymes are a subclass of decarboxylating condensing enzymes, including beta-ketoacyl [ACP] synthase, type I and II and polyketide synthases.They are characterized by the utlization of acyl carrier protein (ACP) thioesters as primer substrates, as well as the nature of their active site residues.
Pssm-ID: 238424 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 407 Bit Score: 151.82 E-value: 1.79e-38
decarboxylating condensing enzymes; Family of enzymes that catalyze the formation of a new ...
5345-5645
2.75e-38
decarboxylating condensing enzymes; Family of enzymes that catalyze the formation of a new carbon-carbon bond by a decarboxylating Claisen-like condensation reaction. Members are involved in the synthesis of fatty acids and polyketides, a diverse group of natural products. Both pathways are an iterative series of additions of small carbon units, usually acetate, to a nascent acyl group. There are 2 classes of decarboxylating condensing enzymes, which can be distinguished by sequence similarity, type of active site residues and type of primer units (acetyl CoA or acyl carrier protein (ACP) linked units).
Pssm-ID: 238421 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 332 Bit Score: 148.94 E-value: 2.75e-38
beta-ketoacyl reductase (KR) domain of fatty acid synthase (FAS), subgroup 2, complex (x); Ketoreductase, a module of the multidomain polyketide synthase, has 2 subdomains, each corresponding to a short-chain dehydrogenases/reductase (SDR) family monomer. The C-terminal subdomain catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of the beta-carbonyl of a polyketide to a hydroxyl group, a step in the biosynthesis of polyketides, such as erythromycin. The N-terminal subdomain, an interdomain linker, is a truncated Rossmann fold which acts to stabilizes the catalytic subdomain. Unlike typical SDRs, the isolated domain does not oligomerizes but is composed of 2 subdomains, each resembling an SDR monomer. In some instances, as in porcine FAS, an enoyl reductase (a Rossman fold NAD binding domain of the MDR family) module is inserted between the sub-domains. The active site resembles that of typical SDRs, except that the usual positions of the catalytic asparagine and tyrosine are swapped, so that the canonical YXXXK motif changes to YXXXN. Modular polyketide synthases are multifunctional structures in which the makeup recapitulates that found in (and may have evolved from) fatty acid synthase. In some instances, such as porcine FAS , an enoyl reductase module is inserted between the sub-domains. Fatty acid synthesis occurs via the stepwise elongation of a chain (which is attached to acyl carrier protein, ACP) with 2-carbon units. Eukaryotic systems consists of large, multifunctional synthases (type I) while bacterial, type II systems, use single function proteins. Fungal fatty acid synthesis uses dodecamer of 6 alpha and 6 beta subunits. In mammalian type FAS cycles, ketoacyl synthase forms acetoacetyl-ACP which is reduced by the NADP-dependent beta-ketoacyl reductase (KR), forming beta-hydroxyacyl-ACP, which is in turn dehydrated by dehydratase to a beta-enoyl intermediate, which is reduced by NADP-dependent beta-enoyl reductase (ER). Polyketide syntheses also proceeds via the addition of 2-carbon units as in fatty acid synthesis. The complex SDR NADP binding motif, GGXGXXG, is often present, but is not strictly conserved in each instance of the module. This subfamily includes the KR domain of the Lyngbya majuscule Jam J, -K, and #L which are encoded on the jam gene cluster and are involved in the synthesis of the Jamaicamides (neurotoxins); Lyngbya majuscule Jam P belongs to a different KR_FAS_SDR_x subfamily. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type KRs have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187658 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 376 Bit Score: 150.51 E-value: 2.91e-38
amino acid adenylation domain; This model represents a domain responsible for the specific ...
7000-7356
5.07e-38
amino acid adenylation domain; This model represents a domain responsible for the specific recognition of amino acids and activation as adenylyl amino acids. The reaction catalyzed is aa + ATP -> aa-AMP + PPi. These domains are usually found as components of multi-domain non-ribosomal peptide synthetases and are usually called "A-domains" in that context. A-domains are almost invariably followed by "T-domains" (thiolation domains, pfam00550) to which the amino acid adenylate is transferred as a thiol-ester to a bound pantetheine cofactor with the release of AMP (these are also called peptide carrier proteins, or PCPs. When the A-domain does not represent the first module (corresponding to the first amino acid in the product molecule) it is usually preceded by a "C-domain" (condensation domain, pfam00668) which catalyzes the ligation of two amino acid thiol-esters from neighboring modules. This domain is a subset of the AMP-binding domain found in Pfam (pfam00501) which also hits substrate--CoA ligases and luciferases. Sequences scoring in between trusted and noise for this model may be ambiguous as to whether they activate amino acids or other molecules lacking an alpha amino group.
Pssm-ID: 273779 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 409 Bit Score: 150.49 E-value: 5.07e-38
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, C-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar ...
244-354
2.06e-37
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, C-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the thiolase family (pfam00108) and also chalcone synthase. The active site of beta-ketoacyl synthase is located between the N and C-terminal domains.
Pssm-ID: 426989 Cd Length: 118 Bit Score: 138.86 E-value: 2.06e-37
ketoreductase (KR), subgroup 2, complex (x) SDRs; Ketoreductase, a module of the multidomain ...
3203-3424
1.08e-36
ketoreductase (KR), subgroup 2, complex (x) SDRs; Ketoreductase, a module of the multidomain polyketide synthase (PKS), has 2 subdomains, each corresponding to a SDR family monomer. The C-terminal subdomain catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of the beta-carbonyl of a polyketide to a hydroxyl group, a step in the biosynthesis of polyketides, such as erythromycin. The N-terminal subdomain, an interdomain linker, is a truncated Rossmann fold which acts to stabilizes the catalytic subdomain. Unlike typical SDRs, the isolated domain does not oligomerize but is composed of 2 subdomains, each resembling an SDR monomer. The active site resembles that of typical SDRs, except that the usual positions of the catalytic Asn and Tyr are swapped, so that the canonical YXXXK motif changes to YXXXN. Modular PKSs are multifunctional structures in which the makeup recapitulates that found in (and may have evolved from) FAS. Polyketide synthesis also proceeds via the addition of 2-carbon units as in fatty acid synthesis. The complex SDR NADP-binding motif, GGXGXXG, is often present, but is not strictly conserved in each instance of the module. This subfamily includes both KR domains of the Bacillus subtilis Pks J,-L, and PksM, and all three KR domains of PksN, components of the megacomplex bacillaene synthase, which synthesizes the antibiotic bacillaene. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type KRs have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187656 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 436 Bit Score: 147.51 E-value: 1.08e-36
similar to adenylation domain of chondramide synthase cmdD; This family of the adenylation (A) ...
7027-7412
1.68e-34
similar to adenylation domain of chondramide synthase cmdD; This family of the adenylation (A) domain of nonribosomal peptide synthases (NRPS) includes phosphinothricin tripeptide (PTT, phosphinothricylalanylalanine) synthetase, where PTT is a natural-product antibiotic and potent herbicide that is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus. This adenylation domain has been confirmed to directly activate beta-tyrosine, and fluorinated chondramides are produced through precursor-directed biosynthesis. Also included in this family is chondramide synthase D (also known as ATP-dependent phenylalanine adenylase or phenylalanine activase or tyrosine activase). Chondramides A-D are depsipeptide antitumor and antifungal antibiotics produced by C. crocatus, are a class of mixed peptide/polyketide depsipeptides comprised of three amino acids (alanine, N-methyltryptophan, plus the unusual amino acid beta-tyrosine or alpha-methoxy-beta-tyrosine) and a polyketide chain ([E]-7-hydroxy-2,4,6-trimethyloct-4-enoic acid).
Pssm-ID: 341307 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 436 Bit Score: 140.85 E-value: 1.68e-34
The adenylation domain of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS), including salinosporamide A ...
6998-7412
1.85e-34
The adenylation domain of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS), including salinosporamide A polyketide synthase; The adenylation (A) domain of NRPS recognizes a specific amino acid or hydroxy acid and activates it as an (amino) acyl adenylate by hydrolysis of ATP. The activated acyl moiety then forms a thioester to the enzyme-bound cofactor phosphopantetheine of a peptidyl carrier protein domain. NRPSs are large multifunctional enzymes which synthesize many therapeutically useful peptides in bacteria and fungi via a template-directed, nucleic acid independent nonribosomal mechanism. These natural products include antibiotics, immunosuppressants, plant and animal toxins, and enzyme inhibitors. NRPS has a distinct modular structure in which each module is responsible for the recognition, activation, and in some cases, modification of a single amino acid residue of the final peptide product. The modules can be subdivided into domains that catalyze specific biochemical reactions. This family includes the myxovirescin (TA) antibiotic biosynthetic gene in Myxococcus xanthus; TA production plays a role in predation. It also includes the salinosporamide A polyketide synthase which is involved in the biosynthesis of salinosporamide A, a marine microbial metabolite whose chlorine atom is crucial for potent proteasome inhibition and anticancer activity.
Pssm-ID: 341281 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 470 Bit Score: 141.66 E-value: 1.85e-34
N-(5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine synthase; This family contains ACV ...
6991-7408
3.93e-34
N-(5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine synthase; This family contains ACV synthetase (ACVS, EC 6.3.2.26; also known as N-(5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine synthase or delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine synthetase) is involved in medically important antibiotic biosynthesis. ACV synthetase is active in an early step in the penicillin G biosynthesis pathway which involves the formation of the tripeptide 6-(L-alpha-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine (ACV); each of the constituent amino acids of the tripeptide ACV are activated as aminoacyl-adenylates with peptide bonds formed through the participation of amino acid thioester intermediates. ACV is then cyclized by the action of isopenicillin N synthase.
Pssm-ID: 341303 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 453 Bit Score: 140.23 E-value: 3.93e-34
D-alanine:D-alanyl carrier protein ligase (DltA) and similar proteins; This family includes ...
6990-7409
8.97e-34
D-alanine:D-alanyl carrier protein ligase (DltA) and similar proteins; This family includes D-alanyl carrier protein ligase DltA and aliphatic beta-amino acid adenylation enzymes IdnL1 and CmiS6. DltA incorporates D-ala in techoic acids in gram-positive bacteria via a two-step process, starting with adenylation of D-alanine that transfers D-alanine to the D-alanyl carrier protein. IdnL1, a short-chain aliphatic beta-amino acid adenylation enzyme, recognizes 3-aminobutanoic acid, and is involved in the synthesis of the macrolactam antibiotic incednine. CmiS6 is a medium-chain beta-amino acid adenylation enzyme that recognizes 3-aminononanoic acid, and is involved in the synthesis of cremimycin, also a macrolactam antibiotic. The adenylation (A) domain of NRPS recognizes a specific amino acid or hydroxy acid and activates it as an (amino) acyl adenylate by hydrolysis of ATP. The activated acyl moiety then forms a thioester bond to the enzyme-bound cofactor phosphopantetheine of a peptidyl carrier protein domain. NRPSs are large multifunctional enzymes which synthesize many therapeutically useful peptides in bacteria and fungi via a template-directed, nucleic acid independent nonribosomal mechanism. These natural products include antibiotics, immunosuppressants, plant and animal toxins, and enzyme inhibitors. NRPS has a distinct modular structure in which each module is responsible for the recognition, activation, and in some cases, modification of a single amino acid residue of the final peptide product. The modules can be subdivided into domains that catalyze specific biochemical reactions.
Pssm-ID: 341267 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 449 Bit Score: 138.92 E-value: 8.97e-34
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, C-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar ...
2133-2242
1.54e-33
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, C-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the thiolase family (pfam00108) and also chalcone synthase. The active site of beta-ketoacyl synthase is located between the N and C-terminal domains.
Pssm-ID: 426989 Cd Length: 118 Bit Score: 127.68 E-value: 1.54e-33
decarboxylating condensing enzymes; Family of enzymes that catalyze the formation of a new ...
1976-2282
3.02e-32
decarboxylating condensing enzymes; Family of enzymes that catalyze the formation of a new carbon-carbon bond by a decarboxylating Claisen-like condensation reaction. Members are involved in the synthesis of fatty acids and polyketides, a diverse group of natural products. Both pathways are an iterative series of additions of small carbon units, usually acetate, to a nascent acyl group. There are 2 classes of decarboxylating condensing enzymes, which can be distinguished by sequence similarity, type of active site residues and type of primer units (acetyl CoA or acyl carrier protein (ACP) linked units).
Pssm-ID: 238421 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 332 Bit Score: 131.60 E-value: 3.02e-32
beta-ketoacyl reductase (KR) domain of fatty acid synthase (FAS), subgroup 1, complex (x) SDRs; NADP-dependent KR domain of the multidomain type I FAS, a complex SDR family. This subfamily also includes proteins identified as polyketide synthase (PKS), a protein with related modular protein architecture and similar function. It includes the KR domains of mammalian and chicken FAS, and Dictyostelium discoideum putative polyketide synthases (PKSs). These KR domains contain two subdomains, each of which is related to SDR Rossmann fold domains. However, while the C-terminal subdomain has an active site similar to the other SDRs and a NADP-binding capability, the N-terminal SDR-like subdomain is truncated and lacks these functions, serving a supportive structural role. In some instances, such as porcine FAS, an enoyl reductase (a Rossman fold NAD-binding domain of the medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductase, MDR family) module is inserted between the sub-domains. Fatty acid synthesis occurs via the stepwise elongation of a chain (which is attached to acyl carrier protein, ACP) with 2-carbon units. Eukaryotic systems consists of large, multifunctional synthases (type I) while bacterial, type II systems, use single function proteins. Fungal fatty acid synthesis uses a dodecamer of 6 alpha and 6 beta subunits. In mammalian type FAS cycles, ketoacyl synthase forms acetoacetyl-ACP which is reduced by the NADP-dependent beta-ketoacyl reductase (KR), forming beta-hydroxyacyl-ACP, which is in turn dehydrated by dehydratase to a beta-enoyl intermediate, which is reduced by NADP-dependent beta-enoyl reductase (ER); this KR and ER are members of the SDR family. This KR subfamily has an active site tetrad with a similar 3D orientation compared to archetypical SDRs, but the active site Lys and Asn residue positions are swapped. The characteristic NADP-binding is typical of the multidomain complex SDRs, with a GGXGXXG NADP binding motif. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type KRs have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187657 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 452 Bit Score: 131.80 E-value: 2.66e-31
similar to adenylation domain of virginiamycin S synthetase; This family of the adenylation (A) ...
6985-7412
4.57e-31
similar to adenylation domain of virginiamycin S synthetase; This family of the adenylation (A) domain of nonribosomal peptide synthases (NRPS) includes virginiamycin S synthetase (VisG) in Streptomyces virginiae; VisG is involved in virginiamycin S (VS) biosynthesis as the provider of an L-pheGly molecule, a highly specific substrate for the last condensation step by VisF. This family also includes linear gramicidin synthetase B (LgrB) in Brevibacillus brevis. Substrate specificity analysis using residues of the substrate-binding pockets of all 16 adenylation domains has shown good agreement of the substrate amino acids predicted with the sequence of linear gramicidin. The adenylation (A) domain of NRPS recognizes a specific amino acid or hydroxy acid and activates it as an (amino) acyl adenylate by hydrolysis of ATP. The activated acyl moiety then forms a thioester bond to the enzyme-bound cofactor phosphopantetheine of a peptidyl carrier protein domain. NRPSs are large multifunctional enzymes which synthesize many therapeutically useful peptides in bacteria and fungi via a template-directed, nucleic acid independent nonribosomal mechanism. These natural products include antibiotics, immunosuppressants, plant and animal toxins, and enzyme inhibitors. NRPS has a distinct modular structure in which each module is responsible for the recognition, activation, and in some cases, modification of a single amino acid residue of the final peptide product. The modules can be subdivided into domains that catalyze specific biochemical reactions.
Pssm-ID: 341306 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 491 Bit Score: 131.70 E-value: 4.57e-31
The adenylation domain of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS), including Saframycin A gene ...
7043-7412
1.83e-29
The adenylation domain of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS), including Saframycin A gene cluster from Streptomyces lavendulae; The adenylation (A) domain of NRPS recognizes a specific amino acid or hydroxy acid and activates it as an (amino) acyl adenylate by hydrolysis of ATP. The activated acyl moiety then forms a thioester to the enzyme-bound cofactor phosphopantetheine of a peptidyl carrier protein domain. NRPSs are large multifunctional enzymes which synthesize many therapeutically useful peptides in bacteria and fungi via a template-directed, nucleic acid independent nonribosomal mechanism. These natural products include antibiotics, immunosuppressants, plant and animal toxins, and enzyme inhibitors. NRPS has a distinct modular structure in which each module is responsible for the recognition, activation, and in some cases, modification of a single amino acid residue of the final peptide product. The modules can be subdivided into domains that catalyze specific biochemical reactions. This family includes the saframycin A gene cluster from Streptomyces lavendulae which implicates the NRPS system for assembling the unusual tetrapeptidyl skeleton in an iterative manner. It also includes saframycin Mx1 produced by Myxococcus xanthus NRPS.
Pssm-ID: 341280 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 447 Bit Score: 125.89 E-value: 1.83e-29
similar to adenylation domain of cytotrienin synthetase CytC1; This family of the adenylation ...
6990-7412
6.69e-29
similar to adenylation domain of cytotrienin synthetase CytC1; This family of the adenylation (A) domain of nonribosomal peptide synthases (NRPS) includes Streptomyces sp. cytotrienin synthetase (CytC1), a relatively promiscuous adenylation enzyme that installs the aminoacyl moieties on the phosphopantetheinyl arm of the holo carrier protein CytC2. Also included are Streptomyces sp Thr1, involved in the biosynthesis of 4-chlorothreonine, Pseudomonas aeruginosa pyoverdine synthetase D (PvdD), involved in the biosynthesis of the siderophore pyoverdine and Pseudomonas syringae syringopeptin synthetase, where syringpeptin is a necrosis-inducing phytotoxin that functions as a virulence determinant in the plant-pathogen interaction. The adenylation (A) domain of NRPS recognizes a specific amino acid or hydroxy acid and activates it as an (amino) acyl adenylate by hydrolysis of ATP. The activated acyl moiety then forms a thioester bond to the enzyme-bound cofactor phosphopantetheine of a peptidyl carrier protein domain. NRPSs are large multifunctional enzymes which synthesize many therapeutically useful peptides in bacteria and fungi via a template-directed, nucleic acid independent nonribosomal mechanism. These natural products include antibiotics, immunosuppressants, plant and animal toxins, and enzyme inhibitors. NRPS has a distinct modular structure in which each module is responsible for the recognition, activation, and in some cases, modification of a single amino acid residue of the final peptide product. The modules can be subdivided into domains that catalyze specific biochemical reactions.
Pssm-ID: 341298 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 450 Bit Score: 124.34 E-value: 6.69e-29
non-ribosomal peptide synthetase; This family of the adenylation (A) domain of nonribosomal ...
6990-7412
1.97e-28
non-ribosomal peptide synthetase; This family of the adenylation (A) domain of nonribosomal peptide synthases (NRPS) includes pyoverdine biosynthesis protein PvdJ involved in the synthesis of pyoverdine, which consists of a chromophore group attached to a variable peptide chain and comprises around 6-12 amino acids that are specific for each Pseudomonas species, and for which the peptide might be first synthesized before the chromophore assembly. Also included is ornibactin biosynthesis protein OrbI; ornibactin is a tetrapeptide siderophore with an l-ornithine-d-hydroxyaspartate-l-serine-l-ornithine backbone. The adenylation domain at the N-terminal of OrbI possibly initiates the ornibactin with the binding of N5-hydroxyornithine. NRPSs are large multifunctional enzymes which synthesize many therapeutically useful peptides in bacteria and fungi via a template-directed, nucleic acid independent nonribosomal mechanism. These natural products include antibiotics, immunosuppressants, plant and animal toxins, and enzyme inhibitors. NRPS has a distinct modular structure in which each module is responsible for the recognition, activation, and in some cases, modification of a single amino acid residue of the final peptide product. The modules can be subdivided into domains that catalyze specific biochemical reactions.
Pssm-ID: 341304 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 450 Bit Score: 122.86 E-value: 1.97e-28
similar to adenylation domain of plipastatin synthase (PpsD); This family of the adenylation ...
6989-7412
2.24e-28
similar to adenylation domain of plipastatin synthase (PpsD); This family of the adenylation (A) domain of nonribosomal peptide synthases (NRPS) includes bacitracin synthetase 1 (BacA) in Bacillus licheniformis, tyrocidine synthetase in Brevibacillus brevis, plipastatin synthase (PpsD, an important antifungal protein) in Bacillus subtilis and mannopeptimycin peptide synthetase (MppB) in Streptomyces hygroscopicus. Plipastatin has strong fungitoxic activity and is involved in inhibition of phospholipase A2 and biofilm formation. Bacitracin, a mixture of related cyclic peptides, is used as a polypeptide antibiotic while function of tyrocidine is thought to be regulation of sporulation. MppB is involved in biosynthetic pathway of mannopeptimycin, a novel class of mannosylated lipoglycopeptides. The adenylation (A) domain of NRPS recognizes a specific amino acid or hydroxy acid and activates it as an (amino) acyl adenylate by hydrolysis of ATP. The activated acyl moiety then forms a thioester bond to the enzyme-bound cofactor phosphopantetheine of a peptidyl carrier protein domain. NRPSs are large multifunctional enzymes which synthesize many therapeutically useful peptides in bacteria and fungi via a template-directed, nucleic acid independent nonribosomal mechanism. These natural products include antibiotics, immunosuppressants, plant and animal toxins, and enzyme inhibitors. NRPS has a distinct modular structure in which each module is responsible for the recognition, activation, and in some cases, modification of a single amino acid residue of the final peptide product. The modules can be subdivided into domains that catalyze specific biochemical reactions.
Pssm-ID: 341305 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 447 Bit Score: 122.96 E-value: 2.24e-28
polyketide-type polyunsaturated fatty acid synthase PfaA; Members of the seed for this ...
126-599
2.33e-27
polyketide-type polyunsaturated fatty acid synthase PfaA; Members of the seed for this alignment are involved in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, such as the protein PfaA from the eicosapentaenoic acid biosynthesis operon in Photobacterium profundum strain SS9. PfaA is encoded together with PfaB, PfaC, and PfaD, and the functions of the individual polypeptides have not yet been described. More distant homologs of PfaA, also included with the reach of this model, appear to be involved in polyketide-like biosynthetic mechanisms of polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, an alternative to the more familiar iterated mechanism of chain extension and desaturation, and in most cases are encoded near genes for homologs of PfaB, PfaC, and/or PfaD.
Pssm-ID: 274311 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 2582 Bit Score: 124.73 E-value: 2.33e-27
gramicidin S synthase 2, also known as ATP-dependent proline adenylase; This family of the ...
6991-7412
2.57e-27
gramicidin S synthase 2, also known as ATP-dependent proline adenylase; This family of the adenylation (A) domain of nonribosomal peptide synthases (NRPS) contains gramicidin S synthase 2 (also known as ATP-dependent proline adenylase or proline activase or ProA). ProA is a multifunctional enzyme involved in synthesis of the cyclic peptide antibiotic gramicidin S and able to activate and polymerize the amino acids proline, valine, ornithine and leucine. NRPSs are large multifunctional enzymes which synthesize many therapeutically useful peptides in bacteria and fungi via a template-directed, nucleic acid independent nonribosomal mechanism. These natural products include antibiotics, immunosuppressants, plant and animal toxins, and enzyme inhibitors. NRPS has a distinct modular structure in which each module is responsible for the recognition, activation, and in some cases, modification of a single amino acid residue of the final peptide product. The modules can be subdivided into domains that catalyze specific biochemical reactions.
Pssm-ID: 341311 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 479 Bit Score: 120.27 E-value: 2.57e-27
adenylation (A) domain of linear gramicidin synthetase (LgrA) and similar proteins; This ...
6990-7412
5.47e-27
adenylation (A) domain of linear gramicidin synthetase (LgrA) and similar proteins; This family of the adenylation (A) domain of nonribosomal peptide synthases (NRPS) includes linear gramicidin synthetase (LgrA) in Brevibacillus brevis. LgrA has a formylation domain fused to the N-terminal end that formylates its substrate for linear gramicidin synthesis to proceed. This formyl group is essential for the clinically important antibacterial activity of gramicidin by enabling head-to-head gramicidin dimers to make a beta-helical pore in gram-positive bacterial membranes, allowing free passage of monovalent cations, destroying the ion gradient and killing bacteria. This family also includes bacitracin synthetase 1 (known as ATP-dependent cysteine adenylase or BA1); it activates cysteine, incorporates two D-amino acids, releases and cyclizes the mature bacitracin, an antibiotic that is a mixture of related cyclic peptides that disrupt gram positive bacteria by interfering with cell wall and peptidoglycan synthesis. Also included is surfactin synthetase which activates and polymerizes the amino acids Leu, Glu, Asp, and Val to form the antibiotic surfactin.
Pssm-ID: 341300 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 440 Bit Score: 118.43 E-value: 5.47e-27
polyketide-type polyunsaturated fatty acid synthase PfaA; Members of the seed for this ...
3639-3962
3.11e-26
polyketide-type polyunsaturated fatty acid synthase PfaA; Members of the seed for this alignment are involved in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, such as the protein PfaA from the eicosapentaenoic acid biosynthesis operon in Photobacterium profundum strain SS9. PfaA is encoded together with PfaB, PfaC, and PfaD, and the functions of the individual polypeptides have not yet been described. More distant homologs of PfaA, also included with the reach of this model, appear to be involved in polyketide-like biosynthetic mechanisms of polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, an alternative to the more familiar iterated mechanism of chain extension and desaturation, and in most cases are encoded near genes for homologs of PfaB, PfaC, and/or PfaD.
Pssm-ID: 274311 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 2582 Bit Score: 120.88 E-value: 3.11e-26
O-succinylbenzoic acid-CoA ligase MenE or related acyl-CoA synthetase (AMP-forming) [Lipid ...
6990-7417
1.49e-25
O-succinylbenzoic acid-CoA ligase MenE or related acyl-CoA synthetase (AMP-forming) [Lipid transport and metabolism]; O-succinylbenzoic acid-CoA ligase MenE or related acyl-CoA synthetase (AMP-forming) is part of the Pathway/BioSystem: Menaquinone biosynthesis
Pssm-ID: 440087 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 452 Bit Score: 114.52 E-value: 1.49e-25
decarboxylating condensing enzymes; Family of enzymes that catalyze the formation of a new ...
4332-4628
2.04e-25
decarboxylating condensing enzymes; Family of enzymes that catalyze the formation of a new carbon-carbon bond by a decarboxylating Claisen-like condensation reaction. Members are involved in the synthesis of fatty acids and polyketides, a diverse group of natural products. Both pathways are an iterative series of additions of small carbon units, usually acetate, to a nascent acyl group. There are 2 classes of decarboxylating condensing enzymes, which can be distinguished by sequence similarity, type of active site residues and type of primer units (acetyl CoA or acyl carrier protein (ACP) linked units).
Pssm-ID: 238421 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 332 Bit Score: 111.57 E-value: 2.04e-25
"elongating" condensing enzymes are a subclass of decarboxylating condensing enzymes, ...
1974-2281
2.33e-25
"elongating" condensing enzymes are a subclass of decarboxylating condensing enzymes, including beta-ketoacyl [ACP] synthase, type I and II and polyketide synthases.They are characterized by the utlization of acyl carrier protein (ACP) thioesters as primer substrates, as well as the nature of their active site residues.
Pssm-ID: 238424 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 407 Bit Score: 112.92 E-value: 2.33e-25
Adenylate forming domain, Class I, also known as the ANL superfamily; This family is known as ...
7102-7408
5.19e-25
Adenylate forming domain, Class I, also known as the ANL superfamily; This family is known as the ANL (acyl-CoA synthetases, the NRPS adenylation domains, and the Luciferase enzymes) superfamily. It includes acyl- and aryl-CoA ligases, as well as the adenylation domain of nonribosomal peptide synthetases and firefly luciferases.The adenylate-forming enzymes catalyze an ATP-dependent two-step reaction to first activate a carboxylate substrate as an adenylate and then transfer the carboxylate to the pantetheine group of either coenzyme A or an acyl-carrier protein. The active site of the domain is located at the interface of a large N-terminal subdomain and a smaller C-terminal subdomain.
Pssm-ID: 341228 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 336 Bit Score: 110.45 E-value: 5.19e-25
"elongating" condensing enzymes are a subclass of decarboxylating condensing enzymes, ...
5331-5645
9.59e-25
"elongating" condensing enzymes are a subclass of decarboxylating condensing enzymes, including beta-ketoacyl [ACP] synthase, type I and II and polyketide synthases.They are characterized by the utlization of acyl carrier protein (ACP) thioesters as primer substrates, as well as the nature of their active site residues.
Pssm-ID: 238424 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 407 Bit Score: 110.99 E-value: 9.59e-25
polyketide-type polyunsaturated fatty acid synthase PfaA; Members of the seed for this ...
1885-2355
6.16e-24
polyketide-type polyunsaturated fatty acid synthase PfaA; Members of the seed for this alignment are involved in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, such as the protein PfaA from the eicosapentaenoic acid biosynthesis operon in Photobacterium profundum strain SS9. PfaA is encoded together with PfaB, PfaC, and PfaD, and the functions of the individual polypeptides have not yet been described. More distant homologs of PfaA, also included with the reach of this model, appear to be involved in polyketide-like biosynthetic mechanisms of polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, an alternative to the more familiar iterated mechanism of chain extension and desaturation, and in most cases are encoded near genes for homologs of PfaB, PfaC, and/or PfaD.
Pssm-ID: 274311 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 2582 Bit Score: 113.18 E-value: 6.16e-24
Beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) synthase (KAS), type I and II. KASs are responsible ...
4300-4628
1.74e-23
Beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) synthase (KAS), type I and II. KASs are responsible for the elongation steps in fatty acid biosynthesis. KASIII catalyses the initial condensation and KAS I and II catalyze further elongation steps by Claisen condensation of malonyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) with acyl-ACP.
Pssm-ID: 238430 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 406 Bit Score: 107.24 E-value: 1.74e-23
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, C-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar ...
4479-4586
2.46e-23
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, C-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the thiolase family (pfam00108) and also chalcone synthase. The active site of beta-ketoacyl synthase is located between the N and C-terminal domains.
Pssm-ID: 426989 Cd Length: 118 Bit Score: 98.41 E-value: 2.46e-23
3-oxoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) synthase [Lipid transport and metabolism, Secondary ...
4299-4629
5.40e-23
3-oxoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) synthase [Lipid transport and metabolism, Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism]; 3-oxoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) synthase is part of the Pathway/BioSystem: Fatty acid biosynthesis
Pssm-ID: 440073 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 409 Bit Score: 105.95 E-value: 5.40e-23
Condensing enzymes; Family of enzymes that catalyze a (decarboxylating or non-decarboxylating) ...
5377-5645
9.24e-23
Condensing enzymes; Family of enzymes that catalyze a (decarboxylating or non-decarboxylating) Claisen-like condensation reaction. Members are share strong structural similarity, and are involved in the synthesis and degradation of fatty acids, and the production of polyketides, a diverse group of natural products.
Pssm-ID: 238201 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 254 Bit Score: 101.37 E-value: 9.24e-23
The adenylation domain of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS), including ...
6990-7409
1.47e-22
The adenylation domain of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS), including Streptoalloteichus tallysomycin biosynthesis genes; The adenylation (A) domain of NRPS recognizes a specific amino acid or hydroxy acid and activates it as an (amino) acyl adenylate by hydrolysis of ATP. The activated acyl moiety then forms a thioester to the enzyme-bound cofactor phosphopantetheine of a peptidyl carrier protein domain. NRPSs are large multifunctional enzymes which synthesize many therapeutically useful peptides in bacteria and fungi via a template-directed, nucleic acid independent nonribosomal mechanism. These natural products include antibiotics, immunosuppressants, plant and animal toxins, and enzyme inhibitors. NRPS has a distinct modular structure in which each module is responsible for the recognition, activation, and in some cases, modification of a single amino acid residue of the final peptide product. The modules can be subdivided into domains that catalyze specific biochemical reactions. This family includes the TLM biosynthetic gene cluster from Streptoalloteichus that consists of nine NRPS genes; the N-terminal module of TlmVI (NRPS-5) and the starter module of BlmVI (NRPS-5) are comprised of the acyl CoA ligase (AL) and acyl carrier protein (ACP)-like domains, which are thought to be involved in the biosynthesis of the beta-aminoalaninamide moiety.
Pssm-ID: 341279 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 477 Bit Score: 105.43 E-value: 1.47e-22
Condensation domain; This domain is found in many multi-domain enzymes which synthesize ...
6558-6980
5.33e-21
Condensation domain; This domain is found in many multi-domain enzymes which synthesize peptide antibiotics. This domain catalyzes a condensation reaction to form peptide bonds in non- ribosomal peptide biosynthesis. It is usually found to the carboxy side of a phosphopantetheine binding domain (pfam00550). It has been shown that mutations in the HHXXXDG motif abolish activity suggesting this is part of the active site.
Pssm-ID: 395541 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 454 Bit Score: 100.49 E-value: 5.33e-21
ketoreductase (KR), subgroup 1, complex (x) SDRs; Ketoreductase, a module of the multidomain ...
3206-3425
5.89e-21
ketoreductase (KR), subgroup 1, complex (x) SDRs; Ketoreductase, a module of the multidomain polyketide synthase (PKS), has 2 subdomains, each corresponding to a SDR family monomer. The C-terminal subdomain catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of the beta-carbonyl of a polyketide to a hydroxyl group, a step in the biosynthesis of polyketides, such as erythromycin. The N-terminal subdomain, an interdomain linker, is a truncated Rossmann fold which acts to stabilizes the catalytic subdomain. Unlike typical SDRs, the isolated domain does not oligomerize but is composed of 2 subdomains, each resembling an SDR monomer. The active site resembles that of typical SDRs, except that the usual positions of the catalytic Asn and Tyr are swapped, so that the canonical YXXXK motif changes to YXXXN. Modular PKSs are multifunctional structures in which the makeup recapitulates that found in (and may have evolved from) FAS. Polyketide synthesis also proceeds via the addition of 2-carbon units as in fatty acid synthesis. The complex SDR NADP-binding motif, GGXGXXG, is often present, but is not strictly conserved in each instance of the module. This subfamily includes KR domains found in many multidomain PKSs, including six of seven Sorangium cellulosum PKSs (encoded by spiDEFGHIJ) which participate in the synthesis of the polyketide scaffold of the cytotoxic spiroketal polyketide spirangien. These seven PKSs have either a single PKS module (SpiF), two PKR modules (SpiD,-E,-I,-J), or three PKS modules (SpiG,-H). This subfamily includes the single KR domain of SpiF, the first KR domains of SpiE,-G,H,-I,and #J, the third KR domain of SpiG, and the second KR domain of SpiH. The second KR domains of SpiE,-G, I, and #J, and the KR domains of SpiD, belong to a different KR_FAS_SDR subfamily. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type KRs have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187655 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 480 Bit Score: 100.71 E-value: 5.89e-21
Beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) synthase (KAS), type I and II. KASs are responsible ...
843-1201
5.09e-20
Beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) synthase (KAS), type I and II. KASs are responsible for the elongation steps in fatty acid biosynthesis. KASIII catalyses the initial condensation and KAS I and II catalyze further elongation steps by Claisen condensation of malonyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) with acyl-ACP.
Pssm-ID: 238430 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 406 Bit Score: 96.84 E-value: 5.09e-20
Condensing enzymes; Family of enzymes that catalyze a (decarboxylating or non-decarboxylating) ...
81-394
2.34e-19
Condensing enzymes; Family of enzymes that catalyze a (decarboxylating or non-decarboxylating) Claisen-like condensation reaction. Members are share strong structural similarity, and are involved in the synthesis and degradation of fatty acids, and the production of polyketides, a diverse group of natural products.
Pssm-ID: 238201 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 254 Bit Score: 91.74 E-value: 2.34e-19
Malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase [Lipid transport and metabolism]; Malonyl ...
5800-6021
2.47e-19
Malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase [Lipid transport and metabolism]; Malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase is part of the Pathway/BioSystem: Fatty acid biosynthesis
Pssm-ID: 440100 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 306 Bit Score: 92.88 E-value: 2.47e-19
Peptide Synthetase; The adenylation (A) domain of NRPS recognizes a specific amino acid or ...
7100-7412
3.02e-19
Peptide Synthetase; The adenylation (A) domain of NRPS recognizes a specific amino acid or hydroxy acid and activates it as an (amino) acyl adenylate by hydrolysis of ATP. The activated acyl moiety then forms a thioester bond to the enzyme-bound cofactor phosphopantetheine of a peptidyl carrier protein domain. NRPSs are large multifunctional enzymes which synthesize many therapeutically useful peptides in bacteria and fungi via a template-directed, nucleic acid independent nonribosomal mechanism. These natural products include antibiotics, immunosuppressants, plant and animal toxins, and enzyme inhibitors. NRPS has a distinct modular structure in which each module is responsible for the recognition, activation, and in some cases, modification of a single amino acid residue of the final peptide product. The modules can be subdivided into domains that catalyze specific biochemical reactions.
Pssm-ID: 341301 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 488 Bit Score: 95.42 E-value: 3.02e-19
3-oxoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) synthase [Lipid transport and metabolism, Secondary ...
892-1201
3.85e-19
3-oxoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) synthase [Lipid transport and metabolism, Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism]; 3-oxoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) synthase is part of the Pathway/BioSystem: Fatty acid biosynthesis
Pssm-ID: 440073 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 409 Bit Score: 94.01 E-value: 3.85e-19
Beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) synthase (KAS), type I and II. KASs are responsible ...
1903-2282
1.14e-18
Beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) synthase (KAS), type I and II. KASs are responsible for the elongation steps in fatty acid biosynthesis. KASIII catalyses the initial condensation and KAS I and II catalyze further elongation steps by Claisen condensation of malonyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) with acyl-ACP.
Pssm-ID: 238430 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 406 Bit Score: 92.60 E-value: 1.14e-18
"elongating" condensing enzymes are a subclass of decarboxylating condensing enzymes, ...
4315-4628
5.07e-18
"elongating" condensing enzymes are a subclass of decarboxylating condensing enzymes, including beta-ketoacyl [ACP] synthase, type I and II and polyketide synthases.They are characterized by the utlization of acyl carrier protein (ACP) thioesters as primer substrates, as well as the nature of their active site residues.
Pssm-ID: 238424 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 407 Bit Score: 90.58 E-value: 5.07e-18
3-oxoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) synthase [Lipid transport and metabolism, Secondary ...
1902-2282
3.59e-17
3-oxoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) synthase [Lipid transport and metabolism, Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism]; 3-oxoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) synthase is part of the Pathway/BioSystem: Fatty acid biosynthesis
Pssm-ID: 440073 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 409 Bit Score: 88.23 E-value: 3.59e-17
beta-ketoacyl reductase (KR) domain of fatty acid synthase (FAS), subgroup 3, complex (x); Ketoreductase, a module of the multidomain polyketide synthase (PKS), has 2 subdomains, each corresponding to a SDR family monomer. The C-terminal subdomain catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of the beta-carbonyl of a polyketide to a hydroxyl group, a step in the biosynthesis of polyketides, such as erythromycin. The N-terminal subdomain, an interdomain linker, is a truncated Rossmann fold which acts to stabilizes the catalytic subdomain. Unlike typical SDRs, the isolated domain does not oligomerize but is composed of 2 subdomains, each resembling an SDR monomer. The active site resembles that of typical SDRs, except that the usual positions of the catalytic Asn and Tyr are swapped, so that the canonical YXXXK motif changes to YXXXN. Modular PKSs are multifunctional structures in which the makeup recapitulates that found in (and may have evolved from) FAS. In some instances, such as porcine FAS, an enoyl reductase (ER) module is inserted between the sub-domains. Fatty acid synthesis occurs via the stepwise elongation of a chain (which is attached to acyl carrier protein, ACP) with 2-carbon units. Eukaryotic systems consists of large, multifunctional synthases (type I) while bacterial, type II systems, use single function proteins. Fungal fatty acid synthesis uses a dodecamer of 6 alpha and 6 beta subunits. In mammalian type FAS cycles, ketoacyl synthase forms acetoacetyl-ACP which is reduced by the NADP-dependent beta-KR, forming beta-hydroxyacyl-ACP, which is in turn dehydrated by dehydratase to a beta-enoyl intermediate, which is reduced by NADP-dependent beta- ER. Polyketide synthesis also proceeds via the addition of 2-carbon units as in fatty acid synthesis. The complex SDR NADP-binding motif, GGXGXXG, is often present, but is not strictly conserved in each instance of the module. This subfamily includes KR domains found in many multidomain PKSs, including six of seven Sorangium cellulosum PKSs (encoded by spiDEFGHIJ) which participate in the synthesis of the polyketide scaffold of the cytotoxic spiroketal polyketide spirangien. These seven PKSs have either a single PKS module (SpiF), two PKR modules (SpiD,-E,-I,-J), or three PKS modules (SpiG,-H). This subfamily includes the second KR domains of SpiE,-G, I, and -J, both KR domains of SpiD, and the third KR domain of SpiH. The single KR domain of SpiF, the first and second KR domains of SpiH, the first KR domains of SpiE,-G,- I, and -J, and the third KR domain of SpiG, belong to a different KR_FAS_SDR subfamily. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type KRs have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187659 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 448 Bit Score: 88.09 E-value: 5.06e-17
Condensation domain of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs); Condensation (C) domains of ...
6560-6954
6.24e-17
Condensation domain of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs); Condensation (C) domains of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) catalyze peptide bond formation within (usually) large multi-modular enzymatic complexes. NRPS can use a large variety of acyl monomers (approximately 500 different possible monomer substrates as opposed to the 20 standard amino acids in ribosomal protein synthesis) to construct bioactive secondary metabolites of 2 to 18 units long, with various activities such as antibiotic, antifungal, antitumor and immunosuppression. There are various subtypes of C-domains such as the LCL-type which catalyzes peptide bond formation between two L-amino acids, the DCL-type which links an L-amino acid to the D-amino acid at the end of a growing peptide, starter C-domains which acylate the first amino acid with a beta-hydroxy carboxylic acid, and heterocyclization (Cyc) domains which catalyze both peptide bond formation and cyclization of Cys, Ser, or Thr residues. Typically, an NRPS module consists of an adenylation domain, a peptidyl carrier protein (PCP) domain (also known as thiolation (T) domain) and a C-domain. NRPS modules may also include specialized domains such as the terminal-module thioesterase (Te) domain that releases the product via hydrolysis or macrocyclization and any of various C-domain family members such as the epimerization (E) domain, the ester-bond forming C-domain, dual E/C (epimerization and condensation) domains, and the X-domain. C-domains typically have a conserved HHxxxD motif at the active site; mutations in this motif can abolish or diminish condensation activity.
Pssm-ID: 380453 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 427 Bit Score: 87.46 E-value: 6.24e-17
LCL-type Condensation domain of non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) and similar domains; ...
6560-6957
1.30e-16
LCL-type Condensation domain of non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) and similar domains; LCL-type Condensation (C) domains catalyze peptide bond formation between two L-amino acids, ((L)C(L)). C-domains of NRPSs catalyze peptide bond formation within (usually) large multi-modular enzymatic complexes. NRPS can use a large variety of acyl monomers (approximately 500 different possible monomer substrates as opposed to the 20 standard amino acids in ribosomal protein synthesis) to construct bioactive secondary metabolites of 2 to 18 units long (with various activities such as antibiotic, antifungal, antitumor and immunosuppression). In addition to the LCL-type, there are various subtypes of C-domains such as the DCL-type which links an L-amino acid to the D-amino acid at the end of a growing peptide, starter C-domains which acylate the first amino acid with a beta-hydroxy carboxylic acid, and heterocyclization (Cyc) domains which catalyze both peptide bond formation and cyclization of Cys, Ser, or Thr residues. Typically, an NRPS module consists of an adenylation domain, a peptidyl carrier protein (PCP) domain (also known as thiolation (T) domain) and a C-domain. NRPS modules may also include specialized domains such as the terminal-module thioesterase (Te) domain that releases the product via hydrolysis or macrocyclization and any of various C-domain family members such as the epimerization (E) domain, the ester-bond forming C-domain, dual E/C (epimerization and condensation) domains, and the X-domain. C-domains typically have a conserved HHxxxD motif at the active site; mutations in this motif can abolish or diminish condensation activity. An HHxx[SAG]DGxSx(6)[ED] motif is characteristic of LCL-type C-domains.
Pssm-ID: 380461 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 432 Bit Score: 86.55 E-value: 1.30e-16
ketoreductase (KR) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), complex (x) SDRs; Ketoreductase, a module of ...
4991-5131
7.38e-16
ketoreductase (KR) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), complex (x) SDRs; Ketoreductase, a module of the multidomain polyketide synthase (PKS), has 2 subdomains, each corresponding to a SDR family monomer. The C-terminal subdomain catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of the beta-carbonyl of a polyketide to a hydroxyl group, a step in the biosynthesis of polyketides, such as erythromycin. The N-terminal subdomain, an interdomain linker, is a truncated Rossmann fold which acts to stabilizes the catalytic subdomain. Unlike typical SDRs, the isolated domain does not oligomerize but is composed of 2 subdomains, each resembling an SDR monomer. The active site resembles that of typical SDRs, except that the usual positions of the catalytic Asn and Tyr are swapped, so that the canonical YXXXK motif changes to YXXXN. Modular PKSs are multifunctional structures in which the makeup recapitulates that found in (and may have evolved from) FAS. In some instances, such as porcine FAS, an enoyl reductase (ER) module is inserted between the sub-domains. Fatty acid synthesis occurs via the stepwise elongation of a chain (which is attached to acyl carrier protein, ACP) with 2-carbon units. Eukaryotic systems consist of large, multifunctional synthases (type I) while bacterial, type II systems, use single function proteins. Fungal fatty acid synthase uses a dodecamer of 6 alpha and 6 beta subunits. In mammalian type FAS cycles, ketoacyl synthase forms acetoacetyl-ACP which is reduced by the NADP-dependent beta-KR, forming beta-hydroxyacyl-ACP, which is in turn dehydrated by dehydratase to a beta-enoyl intermediate, which is reduced by NADP-dependent beta-ER. Polyketide synthesis also proceeds via the addition of 2-carbon units as in fatty acid synthesis. The complex SDR NADP-binding motif, GGXGXXG, is often present, but is not strictly conserved in each instance of the module. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type KRs have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187582 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 375 Bit Score: 83.59 E-value: 7.38e-16
Condensing enzymes; Family of enzymes that catalyze a (decarboxylating or non-decarboxylating) ...
1976-2282
3.12e-15
Condensing enzymes; Family of enzymes that catalyze a (decarboxylating or non-decarboxylating) Claisen-like condensation reaction. Members are share strong structural similarity, and are involved in the synthesis and degradation of fatty acids, and the production of polyketides, a diverse group of natural products.
Pssm-ID: 238201 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 254 Bit Score: 79.41 E-value: 3.12e-15
beta-ketoacyl reductase (KR) domain of fatty acid synthase (FAS), subgroup 2, complex (x); Ketoreductase, a module of the multidomain polyketide synthase, has 2 subdomains, each corresponding to a short-chain dehydrogenases/reductase (SDR) family monomer. The C-terminal subdomain catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of the beta-carbonyl of a polyketide to a hydroxyl group, a step in the biosynthesis of polyketides, such as erythromycin. The N-terminal subdomain, an interdomain linker, is a truncated Rossmann fold which acts to stabilizes the catalytic subdomain. Unlike typical SDRs, the isolated domain does not oligomerizes but is composed of 2 subdomains, each resembling an SDR monomer. In some instances, as in porcine FAS, an enoyl reductase (a Rossman fold NAD binding domain of the MDR family) module is inserted between the sub-domains. The active site resembles that of typical SDRs, except that the usual positions of the catalytic asparagine and tyrosine are swapped, so that the canonical YXXXK motif changes to YXXXN. Modular polyketide synthases are multifunctional structures in which the makeup recapitulates that found in (and may have evolved from) fatty acid synthase. In some instances, such as porcine FAS , an enoyl reductase module is inserted between the sub-domains. Fatty acid synthesis occurs via the stepwise elongation of a chain (which is attached to acyl carrier protein, ACP) with 2-carbon units. Eukaryotic systems consists of large, multifunctional synthases (type I) while bacterial, type II systems, use single function proteins. Fungal fatty acid synthesis uses dodecamer of 6 alpha and 6 beta subunits. In mammalian type FAS cycles, ketoacyl synthase forms acetoacetyl-ACP which is reduced by the NADP-dependent beta-ketoacyl reductase (KR), forming beta-hydroxyacyl-ACP, which is in turn dehydrated by dehydratase to a beta-enoyl intermediate, which is reduced by NADP-dependent beta-enoyl reductase (ER). Polyketide syntheses also proceeds via the addition of 2-carbon units as in fatty acid synthesis. The complex SDR NADP binding motif, GGXGXXG, is often present, but is not strictly conserved in each instance of the module. This subfamily includes the KR domain of the Lyngbya majuscule Jam J, -K, and #L which are encoded on the jam gene cluster and are involved in the synthesis of the Jamaicamides (neurotoxins); Lyngbya majuscule Jam P belongs to a different KR_FAS_SDR_x subfamily. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type KRs have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187658 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 376 Bit Score: 81.56 E-value: 3.22e-15
polyketide-type polyunsaturated fatty acid synthase PfaA; Members of the seed for this ...
950-1197
4.26e-15
polyketide-type polyunsaturated fatty acid synthase PfaA; Members of the seed for this alignment are involved in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, such as the protein PfaA from the eicosapentaenoic acid biosynthesis operon in Photobacterium profundum strain SS9. PfaA is encoded together with PfaB, PfaC, and PfaD, and the functions of the individual polypeptides have not yet been described. More distant homologs of PfaA, also included with the reach of this model, appear to be involved in polyketide-like biosynthetic mechanisms of polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, an alternative to the more familiar iterated mechanism of chain extension and desaturation, and in most cases are encoded near genes for homologs of PfaB, PfaC, and/or PfaD.
Pssm-ID: 274311 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 2582 Bit Score: 84.29 E-value: 4.26e-15
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, C-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar ...
1083-1159
4.79e-15
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, C-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the thiolase family (pfam00108) and also chalcone synthase. The active site of beta-ketoacyl synthase is located between the N and C-terminal domains.
Pssm-ID: 426989 Cd Length: 118 Bit Score: 74.91 E-value: 4.79e-15
"elongating" condensing enzymes are a subclass of decarboxylating condensing enzymes, ...
899-1159
1.90e-14
"elongating" condensing enzymes are a subclass of decarboxylating condensing enzymes, including beta-ketoacyl [ACP] synthase, type I and II and polyketide synthases.They are characterized by the utlization of acyl carrier protein (ACP) thioesters as primer substrates, as well as the nature of their active site residues.
Pssm-ID: 238424 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 407 Bit Score: 79.79 E-value: 1.90e-14
decarboxylating condensing enzymes; Family of enzymes that catalyze the formation of a new ...
903-1197
3.54e-14
decarboxylating condensing enzymes; Family of enzymes that catalyze the formation of a new carbon-carbon bond by a decarboxylating Claisen-like condensation reaction. Members are involved in the synthesis of fatty acids and polyketides, a diverse group of natural products. Both pathways are an iterative series of additions of small carbon units, usually acetate, to a nascent acyl group. There are 2 classes of decarboxylating condensing enzymes, which can be distinguished by sequence similarity, type of active site residues and type of primer units (acetyl CoA or acyl carrier protein (ACP) linked units).
Pssm-ID: 238421 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 332 Bit Score: 78.06 E-value: 3.54e-14
Condensation domain of hybrid polyketide synthetase/nonribosomal peptide synthetases (PKS ...
6561-6951
3.96e-14
Condensation domain of hybrid polyketide synthetase/nonribosomal peptide synthetases (PKS/NRPSs); Condensation (C) domains of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) catalyze peptide bond formation within (usually) large multi-modular enzymatic complexes. Hybrid PKS/NRPS create polymers containing both polyketide and amide linkages. C-domains typically have a conserved HHxxxD motif at the active site; mutations in this motif can abolish or diminish condensation activity. Most members of this subfamily have the typical C-domain HHxxxD motif, a few such as Monascus pilosus lovastatin nonaketide synthase MokA have a non-canonical HRxxxD motif in the C-domain and are unable to catalyze amide-bond formation. NRPS can use a large variety of acyl monomers (approximately 500 different possible monomer substrates as opposed to the 20 standard amino acids in ribosomal protein synthesis) to construct bioactive secondary metabolites of 2 to 18 units long (with various activities such as antibiotic, antifungal, antitumor and immunosuppression). There are various subtypes of C-domains such as the LCL-type which catalyzes peptide bond formation between two L-amino acids, the DCL-type which links an L-amino acid to the D-amino acid at the end of a growing peptide, starter C-domains which acylate the first amino acid with a beta-hydroxy carboxylic acid, and heterocyclization (Cyc) domains which catalyze both peptide bond formation and cyclization of Cys, Ser, or Thr residues. Typically, an NRPS module consists of an adenylation domain, a peptidyl carrier protein (PCP) domain (also known as thiolation (T) domain) and a C-domain. NRPS modules may also include specialized domains such as the terminal-module thioesterase (Te) domain that releases the product via hydrolysis or macrocyclization and any of various C-domain family members such as the epimerization (E) domain, the ester-bond forming C-domain, dual E/C (epimerization and condensation) domains, and the X-domain.
Pssm-ID: 380455 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 421 Bit Score: 78.65 E-value: 3.96e-14
This enzymatic domain is part of bacterial polyketide synthases; It catalyses the first step ...
4991-5081
4.13e-14
This enzymatic domain is part of bacterial polyketide synthases; It catalyses the first step in the reductive modification of the beta-carbonyl centres in the growing polyketide chain. It uses NADPH to reduce the keto group to a hydroxy group.
Pssm-ID: 214833 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 180 Bit Score: 74.06 E-value: 4.13e-14
ketoreductase (KR), subgroup 2, complex (x) SDRs; Ketoreductase, a module of the multidomain ...
4991-5131
4.61e-14
ketoreductase (KR), subgroup 2, complex (x) SDRs; Ketoreductase, a module of the multidomain polyketide synthase (PKS), has 2 subdomains, each corresponding to a SDR family monomer. The C-terminal subdomain catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of the beta-carbonyl of a polyketide to a hydroxyl group, a step in the biosynthesis of polyketides, such as erythromycin. The N-terminal subdomain, an interdomain linker, is a truncated Rossmann fold which acts to stabilizes the catalytic subdomain. Unlike typical SDRs, the isolated domain does not oligomerize but is composed of 2 subdomains, each resembling an SDR monomer. The active site resembles that of typical SDRs, except that the usual positions of the catalytic Asn and Tyr are swapped, so that the canonical YXXXK motif changes to YXXXN. Modular PKSs are multifunctional structures in which the makeup recapitulates that found in (and may have evolved from) FAS. Polyketide synthesis also proceeds via the addition of 2-carbon units as in fatty acid synthesis. The complex SDR NADP-binding motif, GGXGXXG, is often present, but is not strictly conserved in each instance of the module. This subfamily includes both KR domains of the Bacillus subtilis Pks J,-L, and PksM, and all three KR domains of PksN, components of the megacomplex bacillaene synthase, which synthesizes the antibiotic bacillaene. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type KRs have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187656 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 436 Bit Score: 78.95 E-value: 4.61e-14
NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenase, short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase family [Lipid transport and ...
3206-3398
5.71e-14
NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenase, short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase family [Lipid transport and metabolism]; NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenase, short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase family is part of the Pathway/BioSystem: Fatty acid biosynthesis
Pssm-ID: 440651 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 249 Bit Score: 75.59 E-value: 5.71e-14
classical (c) SDRs; SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a ...
3206-3351
6.00e-14
classical (c) SDRs; SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 212491 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 234 Bit Score: 75.40 E-value: 6.00e-14
Terminal Condensation (CT)-like domains of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs); Unlike bacterial NRPS, which typically have specialized terminal thioesterase (TE) domains to cyclize peptide products, many fungal NRPSs employ a terminal condensation-like (CT) domain to produce macrocyclic peptidyl products (e.g. cyclosporine and echinocandin). Domains in this subfamily (which includes both terminal and non-terminal domains) typically have a non-canonical conserved [SN]HxxxDx(14)Y motif at their active site compared to the standard Condensation (C) domain active site motif (HHxxxD). C-domains of NRPSs catalyze peptide bond formation within (usually) large multi-modular enzymatic complexes. NRPS can use a large variety of acyl monomers (approximately 500 different possible monomer substrates as opposed to the 20 standard amino acids in ribosomal protein synthesis) to construct bioactive secondary metabolites of 2 to 18 units long (with various activities such as antibiotic, antifungal, antitumor and immunosuppression). There are various subtypes of C-domains such as the LCL-type which catalyzes peptide bond formation between two L-amino acids, the DCL-type which links an L-amino acid to the D-amino acid at the end of a growing peptide, starter C-domains which acylate the first amino acid with a beta-hydroxy carboxylic acid, and heterocyclization (Cyc) domains which catalyze both peptide bond formation and cyclization of Cys, Ser, or Thr residues. Typically, an NRPS module consists of an adenylation domain, a peptidyl carrier protein (PCP) domain (also known as thiolation (T) domain) and a C-domain. NRPS modules may also include specialized domains such as the terminal-module thioesterase (Te) domain that releases the product via hydrolysis or macrocyclization and any of various C-domain family members such as the epimerization (E) domain, the ester-bond forming C-domain, dual E/C (epimerization and condensation) domains, and the X-domain.
Pssm-ID: 380464 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 401 Bit Score: 77.73 E-value: 7.87e-14
malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase; This enzyme of fatty acid biosynthesis ...
5803-6010
7.69e-12
malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase; This enzyme of fatty acid biosynthesis transfers the malonyl moeity from coenzyme A to acyl-carrier protein. The seed alignment for this family of proteins contains a single member each from a number of bacterial species but also an additional pair of closely related, uncharacterized proteins from B. subtilis, one of which has a long C-terminal extension. [Fatty acid and phospholipid metabolism, Biosynthesis]
Pssm-ID: 272922 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 290 Bit Score: 70.19 E-value: 7.69e-12
SgcC5 is a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) condensation enzyme with ester- and amide- ...
6560-6957
1.85e-11
SgcC5 is a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) condensation enzyme with ester- and amide- bond forming activity and similar C-domains of modular NRPSs; SgcC5 is a free-standing NRPS condensation enzyme (rather than a modular NRPS), which catalyzes the condensation between the SgcC2-tethered (S)-3-chloro-5-hydroxy-beta-tyrosine and (R)-1phenyl-1,2-ethanediol, forming an ester bond, during the synthesis of the chromoprotein enediyne antitumor antibiotic C-1027. It has some acceptor substrate promiscuity as it has been shown to also catalyze the formation of an amide bond between SgcC2-tethered (S)-3-chloro-5-hydroxy-beta-tyrosine and a mimic of the enediyne core acceptor substrate having an amine at its C-2 position. This subfamily also includes similar C-domains of modular NRPSs such as Penicillium chrysogenum N-(5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine synthase PCBAB. Condensation (C) domains of NRPSs normally catalyze peptide bond formation within (usually) large multi-modular enzymatic complexes. NRPS can use a large variety of acyl monomers (approximately 500 different possible monomer substrates as opposed to the 20 standard amino acids in ribosomal protein synthesis) to construct bioactive secondary metabolites of 2 to 18 units long (with various activities such as antibiotic, antifungal, antitumor and immunosuppression). There are various subtypes of C-domains such as the LCL-type which catalyzes peptide bond formation between two L-amino acids, the DCL-type which links an L-amino acid to the D-amino acid at the end of a growing peptide, starter C-domains which acylate the first amino acid with a beta-hydroxy carboxylic acid, and heterocyclization (Cyc) domains which catalyze both peptide bond formation and cyclization of Cys, Ser, or Thr residues. Typically, an NRPS module consists of an adenylation domain, a peptidyl carrier protein (PCP) domain (also known as thiolation (T) domain) and a C-domain. NRPS modules may also include specialized domains such as the terminal-module thioesterase (Te) domain that releases the product via hydrolysis or macrocyclization and any of various C-domain family members such as the epimerization (E) domain, the ester-bond forming C-domain, dual E/C (epimerization and condensation) domains, and the X-domain. C-domains typically have a conserved HHxxxD motif at the active site; mutations in this motif can abolish or diminish condensation activity.
Pssm-ID: 380462 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 427 Bit Score: 70.49 E-value: 1.85e-11
Polyketide synthase dehydratase; This is the dehydratase domain of polyketide synthases. ...
1544-1759
3.71e-11
Polyketide synthase dehydratase; This is the dehydratase domain of polyketide synthases. Structural analysis shows these DH domains are double hotdogs in which the active site contains a histidine from the N-terminal hotdog and an aspartate from the C-terminal hotdog. Studies have uncovered that a substrate tunnel formed between the DH domains may be essential for loading substrates and unloading products.
Pssm-ID: 434191 Cd Length: 296 Bit Score: 68.17 E-value: 3.71e-11
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the ...
2943-3024
1.00e-10
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the prosthetic group of acyl carrier proteins (ACP) in some multienzyme complexes where it serves as a 'swinging arm' for the attachment of activated fatty acid and amino-acid groups.
Pssm-ID: 214834 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 86 Bit Score: 61.50 E-value: 1.00e-10
Condensing enzymes; Family of enzymes that catalyze a (decarboxylating or non-decarboxylating) ...
4346-4628
1.25e-10
Condensing enzymes; Family of enzymes that catalyze a (decarboxylating or non-decarboxylating) Claisen-like condensation reaction. Members are share strong structural similarity, and are involved in the synthesis and degradation of fatty acids, and the production of polyketides, a diverse group of natural products.
Pssm-ID: 238201 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 254 Bit Score: 65.93 E-value: 1.25e-10
O-succinylbenzoic acid-CoA ligase; This family contains O-succinylbenzoyl-CoA (OSB-CoA) ...
7102-7412
1.73e-10
O-succinylbenzoic acid-CoA ligase; This family contains O-succinylbenzoyl-CoA (OSB-CoA) synthetase (also known as O-succinylbenzoic acid CoA ligase) that belongs to the ANL superfamily and catalyzes the ligation of CoA to o-succinylbenzoate (OSB). It includes MenE in the bacterial menaquinone biosynthesis pathway which is a promising target for the development of novel antibacterial agents. MenE catalyzes CoA ligation via an acyl-adenylate intermediate; tight-binding inhibitors of MenE based on stable acyl-sulfonyladenosine analogs of this intermediate provide a pathway toward the development of optimized MenE inhibitors.
Pssm-ID: 341285 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 325 Bit Score: 66.59 E-value: 1.73e-10
ketoreductase (KR), subgroup 2, complex (x) SDRs; Ketoreductase, a module of the multidomain ...
6237-6393
4.46e-10
ketoreductase (KR), subgroup 2, complex (x) SDRs; Ketoreductase, a module of the multidomain polyketide synthase (PKS), has 2 subdomains, each corresponding to a SDR family monomer. The C-terminal subdomain catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of the beta-carbonyl of a polyketide to a hydroxyl group, a step in the biosynthesis of polyketides, such as erythromycin. The N-terminal subdomain, an interdomain linker, is a truncated Rossmann fold which acts to stabilizes the catalytic subdomain. Unlike typical SDRs, the isolated domain does not oligomerize but is composed of 2 subdomains, each resembling an SDR monomer. The active site resembles that of typical SDRs, except that the usual positions of the catalytic Asn and Tyr are swapped, so that the canonical YXXXK motif changes to YXXXN. Modular PKSs are multifunctional structures in which the makeup recapitulates that found in (and may have evolved from) FAS. Polyketide synthesis also proceeds via the addition of 2-carbon units as in fatty acid synthesis. The complex SDR NADP-binding motif, GGXGXXG, is often present, but is not strictly conserved in each instance of the module. This subfamily includes both KR domains of the Bacillus subtilis Pks J,-L, and PksM, and all three KR domains of PksN, components of the megacomplex bacillaene synthase, which synthesizes the antibiotic bacillaene. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type KRs have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187656 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 436 Bit Score: 66.24 E-value: 4.46e-10
beta-ketoacyl reductase (KR) domain of fatty acid synthase (FAS), subgroup 1, complex (x) SDRs; NADP-dependent KR domain of the multidomain type I FAS, a complex SDR family. This subfamily also includes proteins identified as polyketide synthase (PKS), a protein with related modular protein architecture and similar function. It includes the KR domains of mammalian and chicken FAS, and Dictyostelium discoideum putative polyketide synthases (PKSs). These KR domains contain two subdomains, each of which is related to SDR Rossmann fold domains. However, while the C-terminal subdomain has an active site similar to the other SDRs and a NADP-binding capability, the N-terminal SDR-like subdomain is truncated and lacks these functions, serving a supportive structural role. In some instances, such as porcine FAS, an enoyl reductase (a Rossman fold NAD-binding domain of the medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductase, MDR family) module is inserted between the sub-domains. Fatty acid synthesis occurs via the stepwise elongation of a chain (which is attached to acyl carrier protein, ACP) with 2-carbon units. Eukaryotic systems consists of large, multifunctional synthases (type I) while bacterial, type II systems, use single function proteins. Fungal fatty acid synthesis uses a dodecamer of 6 alpha and 6 beta subunits. In mammalian type FAS cycles, ketoacyl synthase forms acetoacetyl-ACP which is reduced by the NADP-dependent beta-ketoacyl reductase (KR), forming beta-hydroxyacyl-ACP, which is in turn dehydrated by dehydratase to a beta-enoyl intermediate, which is reduced by NADP-dependent beta-enoyl reductase (ER); this KR and ER are members of the SDR family. This KR subfamily has an active site tetrad with a similar 3D orientation compared to archetypical SDRs, but the active site Lys and Asn residue positions are swapped. The characteristic NADP-binding is typical of the multidomain complex SDRs, with a GGXGXXG NADP binding motif. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type KRs have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187657 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 452 Bit Score: 65.55 E-value: 7.02e-10
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; A 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group is attached ...
6475-6534
7.92e-10
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; A 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group is attached through a serine. This prosthetic group acts as a a 'swinging arm' for the attachment of activated fatty acid and amino-acid groups. This domain forms a four helix bundle. This family includes members not included in Prosite. The inclusion of these members is supported by sequence analysis and functional evidence. The related domain of Swiss:P19828 has the attachment serine replaced by an alanine.
Pssm-ID: 425746 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 62 Bit Score: 57.96 E-value: 7.92e-10
Firefly luciferase of light emitting insects and 4-Coumarate-CoA Ligase (4CL); This family ...
6995-7407
9.92e-10
Firefly luciferase of light emitting insects and 4-Coumarate-CoA Ligase (4CL); This family contains insect firefly luciferases that share significant sequence similarity to plant 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligases, despite their functional diversity. Luciferase catalyzes the production of light in the presence of MgATP, molecular oxygen, and luciferin. In the first step, luciferin is activated by acylation of its carboxylate group with ATP, resulting in an enzyme-bound luciferyl adenylate. In the second step, luciferyl adenylate reacts with molecular oxygen, producing an enzyme-bound excited state product (Luc=O*) and releasing AMP. This excited-state product then decays to the ground state (Luc=O), emitting a quantum of visible light.
Pssm-ID: 341237 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 486 Bit Score: 65.31 E-value: 9.92e-10
KR domain; This enzymatic domain is part of bacterial polyketide synthases and catalyzes the ...
6214-6369
1.15e-09
KR domain; This enzymatic domain is part of bacterial polyketide synthases and catalyzes the first step in the reductive modification of the beta-carbonyl centres in the growing polyketide chain. It uses NADPH to reduce the keto group to a hydroxy group.
Pssm-ID: 430138 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 180 Bit Score: 61.42 E-value: 1.15e-09
Uncharacterized subfamily of fatty acid CoA ligase (FACL); Fatty acyl-CoA ligases catalyze the ...
7102-7408
2.02e-09
Uncharacterized subfamily of fatty acid CoA ligase (FACL); Fatty acyl-CoA ligases catalyze the ATP-dependent activation of fatty acids in a two-step reaction. The carboxylate substrate first reacts with ATP to form an acyl-adenylate intermediate, which then reacts with CoA to produce an acyl-CoA ester. This is a required step before free fatty acids can participate in most catabolic and anabolic reactions.
Pssm-ID: 341246 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 457 Bit Score: 64.38 E-value: 2.02e-09
Polyketide synthase dehydratase; This is the dehydratase domain of polyketide synthases. ...
3994-4216
4.11e-09
Polyketide synthase dehydratase; This is the dehydratase domain of polyketide synthases. Structural analysis shows these DH domains are double hotdogs in which the active site contains a histidine from the N-terminal hotdog and an aspartate from the C-terminal hotdog. Studies have uncovered that a substrate tunnel formed between the DH domains may be essential for loading substrates and unloading products.
Pssm-ID: 434191 Cd Length: 296 Bit Score: 62.00 E-value: 4.11e-09
beta-Keto acyl carrier protein reductase (BKR), involved in Type II FAS, classical (c) SDRs; ...
3206-3351
4.98e-09
beta-Keto acyl carrier protein reductase (BKR), involved in Type II FAS, classical (c) SDRs; This subgroup includes the Escherichai coli K12 BKR, FabG. BKR catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of ACP in the first reductive step of de novo fatty acid synthesis (FAS). FAS consists of four elongation steps, which are repeated to extend the fatty acid chain through the addition of two-carbo units from malonyl acyl-carrier protein (ACP): condensation, reduction, dehydration, and a final reduction. Type II FAS, typical of plants and many bacteria, maintains these activities on discrete polypeptides, while type I FAS utilizes one or two multifunctional polypeptides. BKR resembles enoyl reductase, which catalyzes the second reduction step in FAS. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet) NAD(P)(H) binding region and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRS are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes have a 3-glycine N-terminal NAD(P)(H) binding pattern: TGxxxGxG in classical SDRs. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P) binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P) binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction. A critical catalytic Tyr residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering), is often found in a conserved YXXXK pattern. In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) or additional Ser, contributing to the active site. Substrates for these enzymes include sugars, steroids, alcohols, and aromatic compounds. The standard reaction mechanism is a proton relay involving the conserved Tyr-151 and Lys-155, and well as Asn-111 (or Ser). Some SDR family members, including 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase contain an additional helix-turn-helix motif that is not generally found among SDRs.
Pssm-ID: 187594 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 240 Bit Score: 60.64 E-value: 4.98e-09
Short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR); SDRs are a functionally diverse family of ...
3206-3381
7.94e-09
Short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR); SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase (KR) domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type KRs have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187535 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 186 Bit Score: 59.07 E-value: 7.94e-09
LCL-type Condensation (C) domain of non-ribosomal peptide synthetases(NRPSs) and similar ...
6600-6926
8.82e-09
LCL-type Condensation (C) domain of non-ribosomal peptide synthetases(NRPSs) and similar domains including the C-domain of SgcC5, a free-standing NRPS with both ester- and amide- bond forming activity; LCL-type Condensation (C) domains catalyze peptide bond formation between two L-amino acids, ((L)C(L)). C-domains of NRPSs catalyze peptide bond formation within (usually) large multi-modular enzymatic complexes. NRPS can use a large variety of acyl monomers (approximately 500 different possible monomer substrates as opposed to the 20 standard amino acids in ribosomal protein synthesis) to construct bioactive secondary metabolites of 2 to 18 units long (with various activities such as antibiotic, antifungal, antitumor and immunosuppression). In addition to the LCL-type, there are various subtypes of C-domains such as the DCL-type which links an L-amino acid to the D-amino acid at the end of a growing peptide, starter C-domains which acylate the first amino acid with a beta-hydroxy carboxylic acid, and heterocyclization (Cyc) domains which catalyze both peptide bond formation and cyclization of Cys, Ser, or Thr residues. Typically, an NRPS module consists of an adenylation domain, a peptidyl carrier protein (PCP) domain (also known as thiolation (T) domain) and a C-domain. NRPS modules may also include specialized domains such as the terminal-module thioesterase (Te) domain that releases the product via hydrolysis or macrocyclization and any of various C-domain family members such as the epimerization (E) domain, the ester-bond forming C-domain, dual E/C (epimerization and condensation) domains, and the X-domain. Streptomyces globisporus SgcC5 is a free-standing NRPS condensation enzyme (rather than a modular NRPS), which catalyzes the condensation between the SgcC2-tethered (S)-3-chloro-5-hydroxy-beta-tyrosine and (R)-1phenyl-1,2-ethanediol, forming an ester bond, during the synthesis of the chromoprotein enediyne antitumor antibiotic C-1027. It has some acceptor substrate promiscuity as it has been shown to also catalyze the formation of an amide bond between SgcC2-tethered (S)-3-chloro-5-hydroxy-beta-tyrosine and a mimic of the enediyne core acceptor substrate having an amine at its C-2 position. C-domains typically have a conserved HHxxxD motif at the active site; mutations in this motif can abolish or diminish condensation activity. An HHxx[SAG]DGxSx(6)[ED] motif is characteristic of LCL-type C-domains.
Pssm-ID: 380454 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 427 Bit Score: 61.99 E-value: 8.82e-09
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the ...
2790-2867
9.93e-09
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the prosthetic group of acyl carrier proteins (ACP) in some multienzyme complexes where it serves as a 'swinging arm' for the attachment of activated fatty acid and amino-acid groups.
Pssm-ID: 214834 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 86 Bit Score: 55.72 E-value: 9.93e-09
C-terminal domain of the acyl-acyl carrier protein synthetase (also called ...
7102-7408
1.88e-08
C-terminal domain of the acyl-acyl carrier protein synthetase (also called 2-acylglycerophosphoethanolamine acyltransferase, Aas); Acyl-acyl carrier protein synthase (Aas) is a membrane protein responsible for a minor pathway of incorporating exogenous fatty acids into membrane phospholipids. Its in vitro activity is characterized by the ligation of free fatty acids between 8 and 18 carbons in length to the acyl carrier protein sulfydryl group (ACP-SH) in the presence of ATP and Mg2+. However, its in vivo function is as a 2-acylglycerophosphoethanolamine (2-acyl-GPE) acyltransferase. The reaction occurs in two steps: the acyl chain is first esterified to acyl carrier protein (ACP) via a thioester bond, followed by a second step where the acyl chain is transferred to a 2-acyllysophospholipid, thus completing the transacylation reaction. This model represents the C-terminal domain of the enzyme, which belongs to the class I adenylate-forming enzyme family, including acyl-CoA synthetases.
Pssm-ID: 341235 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 490 Bit Score: 61.19 E-value: 1.88e-08
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; A 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group is attached ...
2800-2863
4.16e-08
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; A 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group is attached through a serine. This prosthetic group acts as a a 'swinging arm' for the attachment of activated fatty acid and amino-acid groups. This domain forms a four helix bundle. This family includes members not included in Prosite. The inclusion of these members is supported by sequence analysis and functional evidence. The related domain of Swiss:P19828 has the attachment serine replaced by an alanine.
Pssm-ID: 425746 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 62 Bit Score: 53.34 E-value: 4.16e-08
mannitol dehydrogenase (MDH)-like, classical (c) SDRs; NADP-mannitol dehydrogenase catalyzes the conversion of fructose to mannitol, an acyclic 6-carbon sugar. MDH is a tetrameric member of the SDR family. This subgroup also includes various other tetrameric SDRs, including Pichia stipitis D-arabinitol dehydrogenase (aka polyol dehydrogenase), Candida albicans Sou1p, a sorbose reductase, and Candida parapsilosis (S)-specific carbonyl reductase (SCR, aka S-specific alcohol dehydrogenase) which catalyzes the enantioselective reduction of 2-hydroxyacetophenone into (S)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRS are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes have a 3-glycine N-terminal NAD(P)(H)-binding pattern (typically, TGxxxGxG in classical SDRs and TGxxGxxG in extended SDRs), while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region. A critical catalytic Tyr residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering), is often found in a conserved YXXXK pattern. In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) or additional Ser, contributing to the active site. Substrates for these enzymes include sugars, steroids, alcohols, and aromatic compounds. The standard reaction mechanism is a proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, as well as Asn (or Ser).
Pssm-ID: 187610 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 252 Bit Score: 58.11 E-value: 4.21e-08
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the ...
1806-1857
5.17e-08
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the prosthetic group of acyl carrier proteins (ACP) in some multienzyme complexes where it serves as a 'swinging arm' for the attachment of activated fatty acid and amino-acid groups.
Pssm-ID: 214834 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 86 Bit Score: 53.79 E-value: 5.17e-08
O-succinylbenzoate-CoA ligase (also known as O-succinylbenzoate-CoA synthase, OSB-CoA ...
7023-7414
6.06e-08
O-succinylbenzoate-CoA ligase (also known as O-succinylbenzoate-CoA synthase, OSB-CoA synthetase, or MenE); O-succinylbenzoic acid-CoA synthase catalyzes the coenzyme A (CoA)- and ATP-dependent conversion of o-succinylbenzoic acid to o-succinylbenzoyl-CoA. The reaction is the fourth step of the biosynthesis pathway of menaquinone (vitamin K2). In certain bacteria, menaquinone is used during fumarate reduction in anaerobic respiration. In cyanobacteria, the product of the menaquinone pathway is phylloquinone (2-methyl-3-phytyl-1,4-naphthoquinone), a molecule used exclusively as an electron transfer cofactor in Photosystem 1. In green sulfur bacteria and heliobacteria, menaquinones are used as loosely bound secondary electron acceptors in the photosynthetic reaction center.
Pssm-ID: 341238 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 411 Bit Score: 59.28 E-value: 6.06e-08
Cyclohexanecarboxylate-CoA ligase (also called cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylate:CoA ligase); ...
7043-7412
8.20e-08
Cyclohexanecarboxylate-CoA ligase (also called cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylate:CoA ligase); Cyclohexanecarboxylate-CoA ligase activates the aliphatic ring compound, cyclohexanecarboxylate, for degradation. It catalyzes the synthesis of cyclohexanecarboxylate-CoA thioesters in a two-step reaction involving the formation of cyclohexanecarboxylate-AMP anhydride, followed by the nucleophilic substitution of AMP by CoA.
Pssm-ID: 341229 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 437 Bit Score: 58.93 E-value: 8.20e-08
3-ketodihydrosphingosine reductase (KDSR) and related proteins, classical (c) SDR; These ...
3206-3286
8.26e-08
3-ketodihydrosphingosine reductase (KDSR) and related proteins, classical (c) SDR; These proteins include members identified as KDSR, ribitol type dehydrogenase, and others. The group shows strong conservation of the active site tetrad and glycine rich NAD-binding motif of the classical SDRs. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187643 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 239 Bit Score: 57.26 E-value: 8.26e-08
Condensing enzymes; Family of enzymes that catalyze a (decarboxylating or non-decarboxylating) ...
903-1155
8.41e-08
Condensing enzymes; Family of enzymes that catalyze a (decarboxylating or non-decarboxylating) Claisen-like condensation reaction. Members are share strong structural similarity, and are involved in the synthesis and degradation of fatty acids, and the production of polyketides, a diverse group of natural products.
Pssm-ID: 238201 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 254 Bit Score: 57.45 E-value: 8.41e-08
fatty acid-CoA ligase VraA; This family of acyl-CoA ligases includes Bacillus subtilis YhfT, ...
7099-7409
8.42e-08
fatty acid-CoA ligase VraA; This family of acyl-CoA ligases includes Bacillus subtilis YhfT, as well as long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase VraA, all of which are as yet to be characterized. These proteins belong to the adenylate-forming enzymes which catalyze an ATP-dependent two-step reaction to first activate a carboxylate substrate as an adenylate and then transfer the carboxylate to the pantetheine group of either coenzyme A or an acyl-carrier protein. The active site of the domain is located at the interface of a large N-terminal subdomain and a smaller C-terminal subdomain
Pssm-ID: 341288 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 320 Bit Score: 58.19 E-value: 8.42e-08
This enzymatic domain is part of bacterial polyketide synthases; It catalyses the first step ...
6265-6369
1.31e-07
This enzymatic domain is part of bacterial polyketide synthases; It catalyses the first step in the reductive modification of the beta-carbonyl centres in the growing polyketide chain. It uses NADPH to reduce the keto group to a hydroxy group.
Pssm-ID: 214833 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 180 Bit Score: 55.18 E-value: 1.31e-07
Lin1944 and related proteins, classical (c) SDRs; Lin1944 protein from Listeria Innocua is a ...
6236-6371
1.33e-07
Lin1944 and related proteins, classical (c) SDRs; Lin1944 protein from Listeria Innocua is a classical SDR, it contains a glycine-rich motif similar to the canonical motif of the SDR NAD(P)-binding site. However, the typical SDR active site residues are absent in this subgroup of proteins of undetermined function. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 212497 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 198 Bit Score: 55.67 E-value: 1.33e-07
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; A 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group is attached ...
7436-7493
1.52e-07
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; A 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group is attached through a serine. This prosthetic group acts as a a 'swinging arm' for the attachment of activated fatty acid and amino-acid groups. This domain forms a four helix bundle. This family includes members not included in Prosite. The inclusion of these members is supported by sequence analysis and functional evidence. The related domain of Swiss:P19828 has the attachment serine replaced by an alanine.
Pssm-ID: 425746 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 62 Bit Score: 51.80 E-value: 1.52e-07
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; A 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group is attached ...
3485-3543
1.90e-07
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; A 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group is attached through a serine. This prosthetic group acts as a a 'swinging arm' for the attachment of activated fatty acid and amino-acid groups. This domain forms a four helix bundle. This family includes members not included in Prosite. The inclusion of these members is supported by sequence analysis and functional evidence. The related domain of Swiss:P19828 has the attachment serine replaced by an alanine.
Pssm-ID: 425746 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 62 Bit Score: 51.41 E-value: 1.90e-07
Short-chain dehydrogenase involved in D-alanine esterification of teichoic acids [Cell wall ...
3201-3286
1.97e-07
Short-chain dehydrogenase involved in D-alanine esterification of teichoic acids [Cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis, Lipid transport and metabolism];
Pssm-ID: 443167 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 246 Bit Score: 55.94 E-value: 1.97e-07
sepiapterin reductase (SPR)-like, classical (c) SDRs; Human SPR, a member of the SDR family, ...
3206-3304
2.11e-07
sepiapterin reductase (SPR)-like, classical (c) SDRs; Human SPR, a member of the SDR family, catalyzes the NADP-dependent reduction of sepiaptern to 7,8-dihydrobiopterin (BH2). In addition to SPRs, this subgroup also contains Bacillus cereus yueD, a benzil reductase, which catalyzes the stereospecific reduction of benzil to (S)-benzoin. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187625 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 241 Bit Score: 56.14 E-value: 2.11e-07
KR domain; This enzymatic domain is part of bacterial polyketide synthases and catalyzes the ...
4943-5081
3.03e-07
KR domain; This enzymatic domain is part of bacterial polyketide synthases and catalyzes the first step in the reductive modification of the beta-carbonyl centres in the growing polyketide chain. It uses NADPH to reduce the keto group to a hydroxy group.
Pssm-ID: 430138 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 180 Bit Score: 54.11 E-value: 3.03e-07
classical (c) SDRs; SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a ...
6236-6372
3.68e-07
classical (c) SDRs; SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 212491 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 234 Bit Score: 54.98 E-value: 3.68e-07
DCL-type Condensation domains of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs), such as terminal ...
6559-6888
4.38e-07
DCL-type Condensation domains of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs), such as terminal fungal CT domains and Dual Epimerization/Condensation (E/C) domains; Condensation (C) domains of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) catalyze peptide bond formation within (usually) large multi-modular enzymatic complexes. NRPS can use a large variety of acyl monomers (approximately 500 different possible monomer substrates as opposed to the 20 standard amino acids in ribosomal protein synthesis) to construct bioactive secondary metabolites of 2 to 18 units long (with various activities such as antibiotic, antifungal, antitumor and immunosuppression). There are various subtypes of C-domains such as the LCL-type which catalyzes peptide bond formation between two L-amino acids, the DCL-type [D-specific for the peptidyl donor and L-specific for the aminoacyl acceptor ((D)C(L))], which links an L-amino acid to the D-amino acid at the end of a growing peptide, starter C-domains which acylate the first amino acid with a beta-hydroxy carboxylic acid, and heterocyclization (Cyc) domains which catalyze both peptide bond formation and cyclization of Cys, Ser, or Thr residues. Typically, an NRPS module consists of an adenylation domain, a peptidyl carrier protein (PCP) domain (also known as thiolation (T) domain) and a C-domain. NRPS modules may also include specialized domains such as the terminal-module thioesterase (Te) domain that releases the product via hydrolysis or macrocyclization and any of various C-domain family members such as the epimerization (E) domain, the ester-bond forming C-domain, dual E/C (epimerization and condensation) domains, and the X-domain. C-domains typically have a conserved HHxxxD motif at the active site; mutations in this motif can abolish or diminish condensation activity.
Pssm-ID: 380459 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 419 Bit Score: 56.69 E-value: 4.38e-07
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the ...
3485-3552
5.34e-07
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the prosthetic group of acyl carrier proteins (ACP) in some multienzyme complexes where it serves as a 'swinging arm' for the attachment of activated fatty acid and amino-acid groups.
Pssm-ID: 214834 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 86 Bit Score: 50.71 E-value: 5.34e-07
17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17beta-HSDs) types -1, -3, and -12, -like, classical (c) SDRs; This subgroup includes various 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases and 3-ketoacyl-CoA reductase, these are members of the SDR family, and contain the canonical active site tetrad and glycine-rich NAD-binding motif of the classical SDRs. 3-ketoacyl-CoA reductase (KAR, aka 17beta-HSD type 12, encoded by HSD17B12) acts in fatty acid elongation; 17beta- hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases are isozymes that catalyze activation and inactivation of estrogen and androgens, and include members of the SDR family. 17beta-estradiol dehydrogenase (aka 17beta-HSD type 1, encoded by HSD17B1) converts estrone to estradiol. Estradiol is the predominant female sex hormone. 17beta-HSD type 3 (aka testosterone 17-beta-dehydrogenase 3, encoded by HSD17B3) catalyses the reduction of androstenedione to testosterone, it also accepts estrogens as substrates. This subgroup also contains a putative steroid dehydrogenase let-767 from Caenorhabditis elegans, mutation in which results in hypersensitivity to cholesterol limitation. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRS are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes have a 3-glycine N-terminal NAD(P)(H)-binding pattern (typically, TGxxxGxG in classical SDRs and TGxxGxxG in extended SDRs), while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region. A critical catalytic Tyr residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering), is often found in a conserved YXXXK pattern. In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) or additional Ser, contributing to the active site. Substrates for these enzymes include sugars, steroids, alcohols, and aromatic compounds. The standard reaction mechanism is a proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, as well as Asn (or Ser). Some SDR family members, including 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase contain an additional helix-turn-helix motif that is not generally found among SDRs.
Pssm-ID: 187614 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 239 Bit Score: 54.15 E-value: 7.21e-07
Chain-length factor (CLF) is a factor required for polyketide chain initiation of aromatic ...
212-394
8.32e-07
Chain-length factor (CLF) is a factor required for polyketide chain initiation of aromatic antibiotic-producing polyketide synthases (PKSs) of filamentous bacteria. CLFs have been shown to have decarboxylase activity towards malonyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP). CLFs are similar to other elongation ketosynthase domains, but their active site cysteine is replaced by a conserved glutamine.
Pssm-ID: 238428 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 399 Bit Score: 55.44 E-value: 8.32e-07
carbonyl reductase sniffer-like, classical (c) SDRs; Sniffer is an NADPH-dependent carbonyl ...
3206-3304
1.39e-06
carbonyl reductase sniffer-like, classical (c) SDRs; Sniffer is an NADPH-dependent carbonyl reductase of the classical SDR family. Studies in Drosophila melanogaster implicate Sniffer in the prevention of neurodegeneration due to aging and oxidative-stress. This subgroup also includes Rhodococcus sp. AD45 IsoH, which is an NAD-dependent 1-hydroxy-2-glutathionyl-2-methyl-3-butene dehydrogenase involved in isoprene metabolism, Aspergillus nidulans StcE encoded by a gene which is part of a proposed sterigmatocystin biosynthesis gene cluster, Bacillus circulans SANK 72073 BtrF encoded by a gene found in the butirosin biosynthesis gene cluster, and Aspergillus parasiticus nor-1 involved in the biosynthesis of aflatoxins. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187586 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 233 Bit Score: 53.45 E-value: 1.39e-06
Thiolase domain associated with sterol carrier protein (SCP)-x isoform and related proteins; ...
69-201
2.33e-06
Thiolase domain associated with sterol carrier protein (SCP)-x isoform and related proteins; SCP-2 has multiple roles in intracellular lipid circulation and metabolism. The N-terminal presequence in the SCP-x isoform represents a peroxisomal 3-ketacyl-Coa thiolase specific for branched-chain acyl CoAs, which is proteolytically cleaved from the sterol carrier protein.
Pssm-ID: 238425 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 375 Bit Score: 54.19 E-value: 2.33e-06
gluconate 5-dehydrogenase (Ga5DH)-like, classical (c) SDRs; Ga5DH catalyzes the NADP-dependent conversion of carbon source D-gluconate and 5-keto-D-gluconate. This SDR subgroup has a classical Gly-rich NAD(P)-binding motif and a conserved active site tetrad pattern. However, it has been proposed that Arg104 (Streptococcus suis Ga5DH numbering), as well as an active site Ca2+, play a critical role in catalysis. In addition to Ga5DHs this subgroup contains Erwinia chrysanthemi KduD which is involved in pectin degradation, and is a putative 2,5-diketo-3-deoxygluconate dehydrogenase. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107,15-PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187605 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 248 Bit Score: 52.75 E-value: 2.77e-06
ketoreductase (KR), subgroup 1, complex (x) SDRs; Ketoreductase, a module of the multidomain ...
4991-5088
3.23e-06
ketoreductase (KR), subgroup 1, complex (x) SDRs; Ketoreductase, a module of the multidomain polyketide synthase (PKS), has 2 subdomains, each corresponding to a SDR family monomer. The C-terminal subdomain catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of the beta-carbonyl of a polyketide to a hydroxyl group, a step in the biosynthesis of polyketides, such as erythromycin. The N-terminal subdomain, an interdomain linker, is a truncated Rossmann fold which acts to stabilizes the catalytic subdomain. Unlike typical SDRs, the isolated domain does not oligomerize but is composed of 2 subdomains, each resembling an SDR monomer. The active site resembles that of typical SDRs, except that the usual positions of the catalytic Asn and Tyr are swapped, so that the canonical YXXXK motif changes to YXXXN. Modular PKSs are multifunctional structures in which the makeup recapitulates that found in (and may have evolved from) FAS. Polyketide synthesis also proceeds via the addition of 2-carbon units as in fatty acid synthesis. The complex SDR NADP-binding motif, GGXGXXG, is often present, but is not strictly conserved in each instance of the module. This subfamily includes KR domains found in many multidomain PKSs, including six of seven Sorangium cellulosum PKSs (encoded by spiDEFGHIJ) which participate in the synthesis of the polyketide scaffold of the cytotoxic spiroketal polyketide spirangien. These seven PKSs have either a single PKS module (SpiF), two PKR modules (SpiD,-E,-I,-J), or three PKS modules (SpiG,-H). This subfamily includes the single KR domain of SpiF, the first KR domains of SpiE,-G,H,-I,and #J, the third KR domain of SpiG, and the second KR domain of SpiH. The second KR domains of SpiE,-G, I, and #J, and the KR domains of SpiD, belong to a different KR_FAS_SDR subfamily. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type KRs have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187655 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 480 Bit Score: 54.10 E-value: 3.23e-06
beta-ketoacyl reductase (KR) domain of fatty acid synthase (FAS), subgroup 3, complex (x); Ketoreductase, a module of the multidomain polyketide synthase (PKS), has 2 subdomains, each corresponding to a SDR family monomer. The C-terminal subdomain catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of the beta-carbonyl of a polyketide to a hydroxyl group, a step in the biosynthesis of polyketides, such as erythromycin. The N-terminal subdomain, an interdomain linker, is a truncated Rossmann fold which acts to stabilizes the catalytic subdomain. Unlike typical SDRs, the isolated domain does not oligomerize but is composed of 2 subdomains, each resembling an SDR monomer. The active site resembles that of typical SDRs, except that the usual positions of the catalytic Asn and Tyr are swapped, so that the canonical YXXXK motif changes to YXXXN. Modular PKSs are multifunctional structures in which the makeup recapitulates that found in (and may have evolved from) FAS. In some instances, such as porcine FAS, an enoyl reductase (ER) module is inserted between the sub-domains. Fatty acid synthesis occurs via the stepwise elongation of a chain (which is attached to acyl carrier protein, ACP) with 2-carbon units. Eukaryotic systems consists of large, multifunctional synthases (type I) while bacterial, type II systems, use single function proteins. Fungal fatty acid synthesis uses a dodecamer of 6 alpha and 6 beta subunits. In mammalian type FAS cycles, ketoacyl synthase forms acetoacetyl-ACP which is reduced by the NADP-dependent beta-KR, forming beta-hydroxyacyl-ACP, which is in turn dehydrated by dehydratase to a beta-enoyl intermediate, which is reduced by NADP-dependent beta- ER. Polyketide synthesis also proceeds via the addition of 2-carbon units as in fatty acid synthesis. The complex SDR NADP-binding motif, GGXGXXG, is often present, but is not strictly conserved in each instance of the module. This subfamily includes KR domains found in many multidomain PKSs, including six of seven Sorangium cellulosum PKSs (encoded by spiDEFGHIJ) which participate in the synthesis of the polyketide scaffold of the cytotoxic spiroketal polyketide spirangien. These seven PKSs have either a single PKS module (SpiF), two PKR modules (SpiD,-E,-I,-J), or three PKS modules (SpiG,-H). This subfamily includes the second KR domains of SpiE,-G, I, and -J, both KR domains of SpiD, and the third KR domain of SpiH. The single KR domain of SpiF, the first and second KR domains of SpiH, the first KR domains of SpiE,-G,- I, and -J, and the third KR domain of SpiG, belong to a different KR_FAS_SDR subfamily. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type KRs have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187659 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 448 Bit Score: 53.81 E-value: 3.83e-06
L-aminoadipate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase; Members of this protein family are ...
7323-7495
4.80e-06
L-aminoadipate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase; Members of this protein family are L-aminoadipate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.31), product of the LYS2 gene. It is also called alpha-aminoadipate reductase. In fungi, lysine is synthesized via aminoadipate. Currently, all members of this family are fungal.
Pssm-ID: 274582 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 1389 Bit Score: 53.92 E-value: 4.80e-06
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; A 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group is attached ...
2949-3016
6.59e-06
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; A 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group is attached through a serine. This prosthetic group acts as a a 'swinging arm' for the attachment of activated fatty acid and amino-acid groups. This domain forms a four helix bundle. This family includes members not included in Prosite. The inclusion of these members is supported by sequence analysis and functional evidence. The related domain of Swiss:P19828 has the attachment serine replaced by an alanine.
Pssm-ID: 425746 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 62 Bit Score: 47.17 E-value: 6.59e-06
Ketoacyl-synthetase C-terminal extension; KAsynt_C_assoc represents the very C-terminus of a ...
376-431
6.77e-06
Ketoacyl-synthetase C-terminal extension; KAsynt_C_assoc represents the very C-terminus of a subset of proteins from the keto-acyl-synthetase 2 family. It is found in proteins ranging from bacteria to human.
Pssm-ID: 465059 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 111 Bit Score: 48.70 E-value: 6.77e-06
Ketoacyl-synthetase C-terminal extension; KAsynt_C_assoc represents the very C-terminus of a ...
4614-4695
1.03e-05
Ketoacyl-synthetase C-terminal extension; KAsynt_C_assoc represents the very C-terminus of a subset of proteins from the keto-acyl-synthetase 2 family. It is found in proteins ranging from bacteria to human.
Pssm-ID: 465059 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 111 Bit Score: 47.92 E-value: 1.03e-05
NADP-dependent 3-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase YdfG [Energy production and conversion]; ...
3205-3304
1.24e-05
NADP-dependent 3-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase YdfG [Energy production and conversion]; NADP-dependent 3-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase YdfG is part of the Pathway/BioSystem: Pyrimidine degradation
Pssm-ID: 443365 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 240 Bit Score: 50.57 E-value: 1.24e-05
dTDP-6-deoxy-L-lyxo-4-hexulose reductase and related proteins, extended (e) SDRs; ...
6237-6299
2.75e-05
dTDP-6-deoxy-L-lyxo-4-hexulose reductase and related proteins, extended (e) SDRs; dTDP-6-deoxy-L-lyxo-4-hexulose reductase, an extended SDR, synthesizes dTDP-L-rhamnose from alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate, providing the precursor of L-rhamnose, an essential cell wall component of many pathogenic bacteria. This subgroup has the characteristic active site tetrad and NADP-binding motif. This subgroup also contains human MAT2B, the regulatory subunit of methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT); MAT catalyzes S-adenosylmethionine synthesis. The human gene encoding MAT2B encodes two major splicing variants which are induced in human cell liver cancer and regulate HuR, an mRNA-binding protein which stabilizes the mRNA of several cyclins, to affect cell proliferation. Both MAT2B variants include this extended SDR domain. Extended SDRs are distinct from classical SDRs. In addition to the Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet) core region typical of all SDRs, extended SDRs have a less conserved C-terminal extension of approximately 100 amino acids. Extended SDRs are a diverse collection of proteins, and include isomerases, epimerases, oxidoreductases, and lyases; they typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold, an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes is typically in the 15-30% range; they catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser and/or an Asn, contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Atypical SDRs generally lack the catalytic residues characteristic of the SDRs, and their glycine-rich NAD(P)-binding motif is often different from the forms normally seen in classical or extended SDRs. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif.
Pssm-ID: 187564 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 280 Bit Score: 49.93 E-value: 2.75e-05
adenylate forming domain, fatty acid CoA ligase (FadD10); This family contains long chain ...
7102-7409
3.07e-05
adenylate forming domain, fatty acid CoA ligase (FadD10); This family contains long chain fatty acid CoA ligases, including FadD10 which is involved in the synthesis of a virulence-related lipopeptide. FadD10 is a fatty acyl-AMP ligase (FAAL) that transfers fatty acids to an acyl carrier protein. Structures of FadD10 in apo- and complexed form with dodecanoyl-AMP, show a novel open conformation, facilitated by its unique inter-domain and intermolecular interactions, which is critical for the enzyme to carry out the acyl transfer onto the acyl carrier protein (Rv0100) rather than coenzyme A.
Pssm-ID: 341290 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 340 Bit Score: 50.34 E-value: 3.07e-05
acyl-CoA synthetase FadD3 and similar proteins; This family contains long chain fatty acid CoA ...
7102-7409
3.17e-05
acyl-CoA synthetase FadD3 and similar proteins; This family contains long chain fatty acid CoA ligases, including FadD3 which is an acyl-CoA synthetase that initiates catabolism of cholesterol rings C and D in actinobacteria. The cholesterol catabolic pathway occurs in most mycolic acid-containing actinobacteria, such as Rhodococcus jostii RHA1, and is critical for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) during infection. FadD3 catalyzes the ATP-dependent CoA thioesterification of 3a-alpha-H-4alpha(3'-propanoate)-7a-beta-methylhexahydro-1,5-indanedione (HIP) to yield HIP-CoA. Hydroxylated analogs of HIP, 5alpha-OH HIP and 1beta-OH HIP, can also be used.
Pssm-ID: 341293 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 330 Bit Score: 50.19 E-value: 3.17e-05
classical (c) SDR, subgroup 8; This subgroup has a fairly well conserved active site tetrad ...
3206-3414
3.53e-05
classical (c) SDR, subgroup 8; This subgroup has a fairly well conserved active site tetrad and domain size of the classical SDRs, but has an atypical NAD-binding motif ([ST]G[GA]XGXXG). SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187635 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 250 Bit Score: 49.25 E-value: 3.53e-05
Ketoacyl-synthetase C-terminal extension; KAsynt_C_assoc represents the very C-terminus of a ...
5628-5692
3.92e-05
Ketoacyl-synthetase C-terminal extension; KAsynt_C_assoc represents the very C-terminus of a subset of proteins from the keto-acyl-synthetase 2 family. It is found in proteins ranging from bacteria to human.
Pssm-ID: 465059 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 111 Bit Score: 46.38 E-value: 3.92e-05
DCL-type Condensation domain of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs), which catalyzes the ...
6656-6831
4.13e-05
DCL-type Condensation domain of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs), which catalyzes the condensation between a D-aminoacyl/peptidyl-PCP donor and a L-aminoacyl-PCP acceptor; The DCL-type Condensation (C) domain catalyzes the condensation between a D-aminoacyl/peptidyl-PCP donor and a L-aminoacyl-PCP acceptor. This domain is D-specific for the peptidyl donor and L-specific for the aminoacyl acceptor ((D)C(L)); this is in contrast with the standard LCL domains which catalyze peptide bond formation between two L-amino acids, and the restriction of ribosomes to use only L-amino acids. C domains of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) catalyze peptide bond formation within (usually) large multi-modular enzymatic complexes. NRPS can use a large variety of acyl monomers (approximately 500 different possible monomer substrates as opposed to the 20 standard amino acids in ribosomal protein synthesis) to construct bioactive secondary metabolites of 2 to 18 units long (with various activities such as antibiotic, antifungal, antitumor and immunosuppression). There are various subtypes of C-domains in addition to the LCL- and DCL-types such as starter C-domains which acylate the first amino acid with a beta-hydroxy carboxylic acid, and heterocyclization (Cyc) domains which catalyze both peptide bond formation and cyclization of Cys, Ser, or Thr residues. Typically, an NRPS module consists of an adenylation domain, a peptidyl carrier protein (PCP) domain (also known as thiolation (T) domain) and a C-domain. NRPS modules may also include specialized domains such as the terminal-module thioesterase (Te) domain that releases the product via hydrolysis or macrocyclization and any of various C-domain family members such as the epimerization (E) domain, the ester-bond forming C-domain, dual E/C (epimerization and condensation) domains, and the X-domain. C-domains typically have a conserved HHxxxD motif at the active site; mutations in this motif can abolish or diminish condensation activity.
Pssm-ID: 380465 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 423 Bit Score: 50.28 E-value: 4.13e-05
Starter Condensation domains, found in the first module of nonribosomal peptide synthetases ...
6561-6831
6.12e-05
Starter Condensation domains, found in the first module of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs); Condensation (C) domains of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) catalyze peptide bond formation within (usually) large multi-modular enzymatic complexes. While standard C-domains catalyze peptide bond formation between two amino acids, an initial, ('starter') C-domain may instead acylate an amino acid with a fatty acid. NRPS can use a large variety of acyl monomers (approximately 500 different possible monomer substrates as opposed to the 20 standard amino acids in ribosomal protein synthesis) to construct bioactive secondary metabolites of 2 to 18 units long (with various activities such as antibiotic, antifungal, antitumor and immunosuppression). There are various subtypes of C-domains such as the LCL-type which catalyzes peptide bond formation between two L-amino acids, the DCL-type which links an L-amino acid to the D-amino acid at the end of a growing peptide, starter C-domains which acylate the first amino acid with a beta-hydroxy carboxylic acid, and heterocyclization (Cyc) domains which catalyze both peptide bond formation and cyclization of Cys, Ser, or Thr residues. Typically, an NRPS module consists of an adenylation domain, a peptidyl carrier protein (PCP) domain (also known as thiolation (T) domain) and a C-domain. NRPS modules may also include specialized domains such as the terminal-module thioesterase (Te) domain that releases the product via hydrolysis or macrocyclization and any of various C-domain family members such as the epimerization (E) domain, the ester-bond forming C-domain, dual E/C (epimerization and condensation) domains, and the X-domain. C-domains typically have a conserved HHxxxD motif at the active site; mutations in this motif can abolish or diminish condensation activity.
Pssm-ID: 380456 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 419 Bit Score: 49.68 E-value: 6.12e-05
retinol dehydrogenase (retinol-DH), Light dependent Protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) OxidoReductase (LPOR) and related proteins, classical (c) SDRs; Classical SDR subgroup containing retinol-DHs, LPORs, and related proteins. Retinol is processed by a medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase followed by retinol-DHs. Pchlide reductases act in chlorophyll biosynthesis. There are distinct enzymes that catalyze Pchlide reduction in light or dark conditions. Light-dependent reduction is via an NADP-dependent SDR, LPOR. Proteins in this subfamily share the glycine-rich NAD-binding motif of the classical SDRs, have a partial match to the canonical active site tetrad, but lack the typical active site Ser. This subgroup includes the human proteins: retinol dehydrogenase -12, -13 ,and -14, dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member (DHRS)-12 , -13 and -X (a DHRS on chromosome X), and WWOX (WW domain-containing oxidoreductase), as well as a Neurospora crassa SDR encoded by the blue light inducible bli-4 gene. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 212492 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 269 Bit Score: 48.76 E-value: 7.33e-05
classical (c) SDR, subgroup 6; These proteins are members of the classical SDR family, with a ...
3206-3353
9.95e-05
classical (c) SDR, subgroup 6; These proteins are members of the classical SDR family, with a canonical active site tetrad and a fairly well conserved typical Gly-rich NAD-binding motif. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRS are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes have a 3-glycine N-terminal NAD(P)(H)-binding pattern (typically, TGxxxGxG in classical SDRs and TGxxGxxG in extended SDRs), while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region. A critical catalytic Tyr residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering), is often found in a conserved YXXXK pattern. In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) or additional Ser, contributing to the active site. Substrates for these enzymes include sugars, steroids, alcohols, and aromatic compounds. The standard reaction mechanism is a proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, as well as Asn (or Ser). Some SDR family members, including 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase contain an additional helix-turn-helix motif that is not generally found among SDRs.
Pssm-ID: 187608 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 239 Bit Score: 47.71 E-value: 9.95e-05
classical (c) SDR, subgroup 5; These proteins are members of the classical SDR family, with a ...
3206-3273
1.32e-04
classical (c) SDR, subgroup 5; These proteins are members of the classical SDR family, with a canonical active site tetrad and a typical Gly-rich NAD-binding motif. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187604 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 249 Bit Score: 47.66 E-value: 1.32e-04
HetN oxidoreductase-like, classical (c) SDR; This subgroup includes Anabaena sp. strain PCC ...
3206-3304
1.32e-04
HetN oxidoreductase-like, classical (c) SDR; This subgroup includes Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 HetN, a putative oxidoreductase involved in heterocyst differentiation, and related proteins. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 212493 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 223 Bit Score: 47.36 E-value: 1.32e-04
Malonyl-CoA synthetase (MCS); MCS catalyzes the formation of malonyl-CoA in a two-step ...
6990-7123
1.43e-04
Malonyl-CoA synthetase (MCS); MCS catalyzes the formation of malonyl-CoA in a two-step reaction consisting of the adenylation of malonate with ATP, followed by malonyl transfer from malonyl-AMP to CoA. Malonic acid and its derivatives are the building blocks of polyketides and malonyl-CoA serves as the substrate of polyketide synthases. Malonyl-CoA synthetase has broad substrate tolerance and can activate a variety of malonyl acid derivatives. MCS may play an important role in biosynthesis of polyketides, the important secondary metabolites with therapeutic and agrochemical utility.
Pssm-ID: 341264 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 442 Bit Score: 48.44 E-value: 1.43e-04
tetrahydroxynaphthalene/trihydroxynaphthalene reductase-like, classical (c) SDRs; 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxynaphthalene reductase (4HNR) of Magnaporthe grisea and the related 1,3,8-trihydroxynaphthalene reductase (3HNR) are typical members of the SDR family containing the canonical glycine rich NAD(P)-binding site and active site tetrad, and function in fungal melanin biosynthesis. This subgroup also includes an SDR from Norway spruce that may function to protect against both biotic and abitoic stress. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187620 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 243 Bit Score: 47.27 E-value: 1.44e-04
classical (c) SDR, subgroup 2; Short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDRs, aka Tyrosine-dependent oxidoreductases) are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187628 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 228 Bit Score: 46.92 E-value: 1.69e-04
Long-chain fatty acid CoA synthetases and Bubblegum-like very long-chain fatty acid CoA ...
6997-7368
2.11e-04
Long-chain fatty acid CoA synthetases and Bubblegum-like very long-chain fatty acid CoA synthetases; This family includes long-chain fatty acid (C12-C20) CoA synthetases and Bubblegum-like very long-chain (>C20) fatty acid CoA synthetases. FACS catalyzes the formation of fatty acyl-CoA in a two-step reaction: the formation of a fatty acyl-AMP molecule as an intermediate, and the formation of a fatty acyl-CoA. Eukaryotes generally have multiple isoforms of LC-FACS genes with multiple splice variants. For example, nine genes are found in Arabidopsis and six genes are expressed in mammalian cells. Drosophila melanogaster mutant bubblegum (BGM) have elevated levels of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) caused by a defective gene later named bubblegum. The human homolog (hsBG) of bubblegum has been characterized as a very long chain fatty acid CoA synthetase that functions specifically in the brain; hsBG may play a central role in brain VLCFA metabolism and myelinogenesis. Free fatty acids must be "activated" to their CoA thioesters before participating in most catabolic and anabolic reactions.
Pssm-ID: 341233 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 452 Bit Score: 47.98 E-value: 2.11e-04
Trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (TER) and 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase (DECR), atypical (a) SDR; TTER is a peroxisomal protein with a proposed role in fatty acid elongation. Fatty acid synthesis is known to occur in the both endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria; peroxisomal TER has been proposed as an additional fatty acid elongation system, it reduces the double bond at C-2 as the last step of elongation. This system resembles the mitochondrial system in that acetyl-CoA is used as a carbon donor. TER may also function in phytol metabolism, reducting phytenoyl-CoA to phytanoyl-CoA in peroxisomes. DECR processes double bonds in fatty acids to increase their utility in fatty acid metabolism; it reduces 2,4-dienoyl-CoA to an enoyl-CoA. DECR is active in mitochondria and peroxisomes. This subgroup has the Gly-rich NAD-binding motif of the classical SDR family, but does not display strong identity to the canonical active site tetrad, and lacks the characteristic Tyr at the usual position. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRS are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes have a 3-glycine N-terminal NAD(P)(H)-binding pattern (typically, TGxxxGxG in classical SDRs and TGxxGxxG in extended SDRs), while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region. A critical catalytic Tyr residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering), is often found in a conserved YXXXK pattern. In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) or additional Ser, contributing to the active site. Substrates for these enzymes include sugars, steroids, alcohols, and aromatic compounds. The standard reaction mechanism is a proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, as well as Asn (or Ser). Some SDR family members, including 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase contain an additional helix-turn-helix motif that is not generally found among SDRs.
Pssm-ID: 187627 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 249 Bit Score: 46.81 E-value: 2.35e-04
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; A 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group is attached ...
736-792
3.03e-04
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; A 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group is attached through a serine. This prosthetic group acts as a a 'swinging arm' for the attachment of activated fatty acid and amino-acid groups. This domain forms a four helix bundle. This family includes members not included in Prosite. The inclusion of these members is supported by sequence analysis and functional evidence. The related domain of Swiss:P19828 has the attachment serine replaced by an alanine.
Pssm-ID: 425746 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 62 Bit Score: 42.17 E-value: 3.03e-04
putative beta-ketoacyl acyl carrier protein [ACP]reductase (BKR), subgroup 2, classical (c) SDR; This subgroup includes Rhizobium sp. NGR234 FabG1. The Escherichai coli K12 BKR, FabG, belongs to a different subgroup. BKR catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of ACP in the first reductive step of de novo fatty acid synthesis (FAS). FAS consists of four elongation steps, which are repeated to extend the fatty acid chain through the addition of two-carbo units from malonyl acyl-carrier protein (ACP): condensation, reduction, dehydration, and a final reduction. Type II FAS, typical of plants and many bacteria, maintains these activities on discrete polypeptides, while type I FAS utilizes one or two multifunctional polypeptides. BKR resembles enoyl reductase, which catalyzes the second reduction step in FAS. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRS are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes have a 3-glycine N-terminal NAD(P)(H)-binding pattern (typically, TGxxxGxG in classical SDRs and TGxxGxxG in extended SDRs), while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region. A critical catalytic Tyr residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering), is often found in a conserved YXXXK pattern. In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) or additional Ser, contributing to the active site. Substrates for these enzymes include sugars, steroids, alcohols, and aromatic compounds. The standard reaction mechanism is a proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, as well as Asn (or Ser). Some SDR family members, including 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase contain an additional helix-turn-helix motif that is not generally found among SDRs.
Pssm-ID: 187607 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 246 Bit Score: 46.30 E-value: 3.39e-04
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; A 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group is attached ...
5168-5222
3.76e-04
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; A 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group is attached through a serine. This prosthetic group acts as a a 'swinging arm' for the attachment of activated fatty acid and amino-acid groups. This domain forms a four helix bundle. This family includes members not included in Prosite. The inclusion of these members is supported by sequence analysis and functional evidence. The related domain of Swiss:P19828 has the attachment serine replaced by an alanine.
Pssm-ID: 425746 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 62 Bit Score: 42.17 E-value: 3.76e-04
Thioesterase domain; Peptide synthetases are involved in the non-ribosomal synthesis of ...
7527-7622
4.30e-04
Thioesterase domain; Peptide synthetases are involved in the non-ribosomal synthesis of peptide antibiotics. Next to the operons encoding these enzymes, in almost all cases, are genes that encode proteins that have similarity to the type II fatty acid thioesterases of vertebrates. There are also modules within the peptide synthetases that also share this similarity. With respect to antibiotic production, thioesterases are required for the addition of the last amino acid to the peptide antibiotic, thereby forming a cyclic antibiotic. Thioesterases (non-integrated) have molecular masses of 25-29 kDa.
Pssm-ID: 395776 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 223 Bit Score: 45.84 E-value: 4.30e-04
3-ketodihydrosphingosine reductase (KDSR) and related proteins, classical (c) SDR; These ...
6235-6362
4.38e-04
3-ketodihydrosphingosine reductase (KDSR) and related proteins, classical (c) SDR; These proteins include members identified as KDSR, ribitol type dehydrogenase, and others. The group shows strong conservation of the active site tetrad and glycine rich NAD-binding motif of the classical SDRs. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187643 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 239 Bit Score: 45.71 E-value: 4.38e-04
beta-ketoacyl reductase (KR) domain of fatty acid synthase (FAS), subgroup 1, complex (x) SDRs; NADP-dependent KR domain of the multidomain type I FAS, a complex SDR family. This subfamily also includes proteins identified as polyketide synthase (PKS), a protein with related modular protein architecture and similar function. It includes the KR domains of mammalian and chicken FAS, and Dictyostelium discoideum putative polyketide synthases (PKSs). These KR domains contain two subdomains, each of which is related to SDR Rossmann fold domains. However, while the C-terminal subdomain has an active site similar to the other SDRs and a NADP-binding capability, the N-terminal SDR-like subdomain is truncated and lacks these functions, serving a supportive structural role. In some instances, such as porcine FAS, an enoyl reductase (a Rossman fold NAD-binding domain of the medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductase, MDR family) module is inserted between the sub-domains. Fatty acid synthesis occurs via the stepwise elongation of a chain (which is attached to acyl carrier protein, ACP) with 2-carbon units. Eukaryotic systems consists of large, multifunctional synthases (type I) while bacterial, type II systems, use single function proteins. Fungal fatty acid synthesis uses a dodecamer of 6 alpha and 6 beta subunits. In mammalian type FAS cycles, ketoacyl synthase forms acetoacetyl-ACP which is reduced by the NADP-dependent beta-ketoacyl reductase (KR), forming beta-hydroxyacyl-ACP, which is in turn dehydrated by dehydratase to a beta-enoyl intermediate, which is reduced by NADP-dependent beta-enoyl reductase (ER); this KR and ER are members of the SDR family. This KR subfamily has an active site tetrad with a similar 3D orientation compared to archetypical SDRs, but the active site Lys and Asn residue positions are swapped. The characteristic NADP-binding is typical of the multidomain complex SDRs, with a GGXGXXG NADP binding motif. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type KRs have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187657 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 452 Bit Score: 47.06 E-value: 4.75e-04
11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta-HSD1)-like, classical (c) SDRs; Human ...
3205-3286
5.44e-04
11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta-HSD1)-like, classical (c) SDRs; Human 11beta_HSD1 catalyzes the NADP(H)-dependent interconversion of cortisone and cortisol. This subgroup also includes human dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 7C (DHRS7C) and DHRS7B. These proteins have the GxxxGxG nucleotide binding motif and S-Y-K catalytic triad characteristic of the SDRs, but have an atypical C-terminal domain that contributes to homodimerization contacts. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187593 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 257 Bit Score: 45.65 E-value: 5.44e-04
Short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR); SDRs are a functionally diverse family of ...
4989-5116
5.78e-04
Short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR); SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase (KR) domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type KRs have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187535 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 186 Bit Score: 44.81 E-value: 5.78e-04
NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex, subunit 9, 39 kDa, (NDUFA9) -like, atypical (a) SDRs; This subgroup of extended SDR-like proteins are atypical SDRs. They have a glycine-rich NAD(P)-binding motif similar to the typical SDRs, GXXGXXG, and have the YXXXK active site motif (though not the other residues of the SDR tetrad). Members identified include NDUFA9 (mitochondrial) and putative nucleoside-diphosphate-sugar epimerase. Atypical SDRs generally lack the catalytic residues characteristic of the SDRs, and their glycine-rich NAD(P)-binding motif is often different from the forms normally seen in classical or extended SDRs. Atypical SDRs include biliverdin IX beta reductase (BVR-B,aka flavin reductase), NMRa (a negative transcriptional regulator of various fungi), progesterone 5-beta-reductase like proteins, phenylcoumaran benzylic ether and pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductases, phenylpropene synthases, eugenol synthase, triphenylmethane reductase, isoflavone reductases, and others. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold, an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes is typically in the 15-30% range; they catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser and/or an Asn, contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. In addition to the Rossmann fold core region typical of all SDRs, extended SDRs have a less conserved C-terminal extension of approximately 100 amino acids, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif.
Pssm-ID: 187579 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 273 Bit Score: 45.31 E-value: 7.96e-04
RmlD substrate binding domain; L-rhamnose is a saccharide required for the virulence of some ...
6237-6297
8.47e-04
RmlD substrate binding domain; L-rhamnose is a saccharide required for the virulence of some bacteria. Its precursor, dTDP-L-rhamnose, is synthesized by four different enzymes the final one of which is RmlD. The RmlD substrate binding domain is responsible for binding a sugar nucleotide.
Pssm-ID: 427865 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 284 Bit Score: 45.34 E-value: 8.47e-04
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the ...
6475-6539
9.54e-04
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the prosthetic group of acyl carrier proteins (ACP) in some multienzyme complexes where it serves as a 'swinging arm' for the attachment of activated fatty acid and amino-acid groups.
Pssm-ID: 214834 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 86 Bit Score: 41.85 E-value: 9.54e-04
17beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-like, classical (c) SDRs; 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases are a group of isozymes that catalyze activation and inactivation of estrogen and androgens. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187632 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 248 Bit Score: 44.91 E-value: 1.01e-03
L-threonine dehydrogenase, extended (e) SDRs; This subgroup contains members identified as ...
3206-3287
1.28e-03
L-threonine dehydrogenase, extended (e) SDRs; This subgroup contains members identified as L-threonine dehydrogenase (TDH). TDH catalyzes the zinc-dependent formation of 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate from L-threonine via NAD(H)-dependent oxidation. This group is distinct from TDHs that are members of the medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase family. This group has the NAD-binding motif and active site tetrad of the extended SDRs. Extended SDRs are distinct from classical SDRs. In addition to the Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet) core region typical of all SDRs, extended SDRs have a less conserved C-terminal extension of approximately 100 amino acids. Extended SDRs are a diverse collection of proteins, and include isomerases, epimerases, oxidoreductases, and lyases; they typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold, an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes is typically in the 15-30% range; they catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser and/or an Asn, contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Atypical SDRs generally lack the catalytic residues characteristic of the SDRs, and their glycine-rich NAD(P)-binding motif is often different from the forms normally seen in classical or extended SDRs. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif.
Pssm-ID: 187580 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 308 Bit Score: 45.00 E-value: 1.28e-03
classical (c) SDR, subgroup 11; SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that ...
3206-3354
1.44e-03
classical (c) SDR, subgroup 11; SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187622 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 253 Bit Score: 44.32 E-value: 1.44e-03
human 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase XI-like, classical (c) SDRs; 17-beta-hydroxysteroid ...
3206-3304
1.68e-03
human 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase XI-like, classical (c) SDRs; 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17betaHSD) are a group of isozymes that catalyze activation and inactivation of estrogen and androgens. 17betaHSD type XI, a classical SDR, preferentially converts 3alpha-Adiol to androsterone but not numerous other tested steroids. This subgroup of classical SDRs also includes members identified as retinol dehydrogenases, which convert retinol to retinal, a property that overlaps with 17betaHSD activity. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRS are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes have a 3-glycine N-terminal NAD(P)(H)-binding pattern (typically, TGxxxGxG in classical SDRs and TGxxGxxG in extended SDRs), while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region. A critical catalytic Tyr residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering), is often found in a conserved YXXXK pattern. In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) or additional Ser, contributing to the active site. Substrates for these enzymes include sugars, steroids, alcohols, and aromatic compounds. The standard reaction mechanism is a proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, as well as Asn (or Ser). Some SDR family members, including 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase contain an additional helix-turn-helix motif that is not generally found among SDRs.
Pssm-ID: 187598 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 243 Bit Score: 44.16 E-value: 1.68e-03
NAD dependent epimerase/dehydratase family; This family of proteins utilize NAD as a cofactor. ...
6236-6300
2.25e-03
NAD dependent epimerase/dehydratase family; This family of proteins utilize NAD as a cofactor. The proteins in this family use nucleotide-sugar substrates for a variety of chemical reactions.
Pssm-ID: 396097 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 238 Bit Score: 43.83 E-value: 2.25e-03
3-Oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein (ACP)] synthase III; This domain is found on 3-Oxoacyl- ...
155-186
3.21e-03
3-Oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein (ACP)] synthase III; This domain is found on 3-Oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein (ACP)] synthase III EC:2.3.1.180, the enzyme responsible for initiating the chain of reactions of the fatty acid synthase in plants and bacteria.
Pssm-ID: 430064 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 80 Bit Score: 39.81 E-value: 3.21e-03
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the ...
5186-5230
4.22e-03
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the prosthetic group of acyl carrier proteins (ACP) in some multienzyme complexes where it serves as a 'swinging arm' for the attachment of activated fatty acid and amino-acid groups.
Pssm-ID: 214834 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 86 Bit Score: 39.93 E-value: 4.22e-03
insect type alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)-like, classical (c) SDRs; This subgroup contains ...
3206-3268
6.32e-03
insect type alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)-like, classical (c) SDRs; This subgroup contains insect type ADH, and 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) type I; these proteins are classical SDRs. ADH catalyzes the NAD+-dependent oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes/ketones. This subgroup is distinct from the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases of the medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase family, and evolved in fruit flies to allow the digestion of fermenting fruit. 15-PGDH catalyzes the NAD-dependent interconversion of (5Z,13E)-(15S)-11alpha,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprost-13-enoate and (5Z,13E)-11alpha-hydroxy-9,15-dioxoprost-13-enoate, and has a typical SDR glycine-rich NAD-binding motif, which is not fully present in ADH. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187584 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 244 Bit Score: 42.29 E-value: 6.32e-03
UDP glucuronic acid epimerase, extended (e) SDRs; This subgroup contains UDP-D-glucuronic acid 4-epimerase, an extended SDR, which catalyzes the conversion of UDP-alpha-D-glucuronic acid to UDP-alpha-D-galacturonic acid. This group has the SDR's canonical catalytic tetrad and the TGxxGxxG NAD-binding motif of the extended SDRs. Extended SDRs are distinct from classical SDRs. In addition to the Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet) core region typical of all SDRs, extended SDRs have a less conserved C-terminal extension of approximately 100 amino acids. Extended SDRs are a diverse collection of proteins, and include isomerases, epimerases, oxidoreductases, and lyases; they typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold, an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes is typically in the 15-30% range; they catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser and/or an Asn, contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Atypical SDRs generally lack the catalytic residues characteristic of the SDRs, and their glycine-rich NAD(P)-binding motif is often different from the forms normally seen in classical or extended SDRs. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif.
Pssm-ID: 187563 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 332 Bit Score: 43.09 E-value: 6.52e-03
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; A 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group is attached ...
1806-1848
8.24e-03
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; A 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group is attached through a serine. This prosthetic group acts as a a 'swinging arm' for the attachment of activated fatty acid and amino-acid groups. This domain forms a four helix bundle. This family includes members not included in Prosite. The inclusion of these members is supported by sequence analysis and functional evidence. The related domain of Swiss:P19828 has the attachment serine replaced by an alanine.
Pssm-ID: 425746 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 62 Bit Score: 38.31 E-value: 8.24e-03
Database: CDSEARCH/cdd Low complexity filter: no Composition Based Adjustment: yes E-value threshold: 0.01
References:
Wang J et al. (2023), "The conserved domain database in 2023", Nucleic Acids Res.51(D)384-8.
Lu S et al. (2020), "The conserved domain database in 2020", Nucleic Acids Res.48(D)265-8.
Marchler-Bauer A et al. (2017), "CDD/SPARCLE: functional classification of proteins via subfamily domain architectures.", Nucleic Acids Res.45(D)200-3.
of the residues that compose this conserved feature have been mapped to the query sequence.
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