RNA recognition motif 2 (RRM2) found in polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTB or hnRNP I) and similar proteins; This subfamily corresponds to the RRM2 of polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTB or hnRNP I), polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 2 (PTBP2 or nPTB), regulator of differentiation 1 (Rod1), and similar proteins found in Metazoa. PTB is an important negative regulator of alternative splicing in mammalian cells and also functions at several other aspects of mRNA metabolism, including mRNA localization, stabilization, polyadenylation, and translation. PTBP2 is highly homologous to PTB and is perhaps specific to the vertebrates. Unlike PTB, PTBP2 is enriched in the brain and in some neural cell lines. It binds more stably to the downstream control sequence (DCS) RNA than PTB does but is a weaker repressor of splicing in vitro. PTBP2 also greatly enhances the binding of two other proteins, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) H and KH-type splicing-regulatory protein (KSRP), to the DCS RNA. The binding properties of PTBP2 and its reduced inhibitory activity on splicing imply roles in controlling the assembly of other splicing-regulatory proteins. PTBP2 also contains four RRMs. ROD1 coding protein Rod1 is a mammalian PTB homolog of a regulator of differentiation in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, where the nrd1 gene encodes an RNA binding protein negatively regulates the onset of differentiation. ROD1 is predominantly expressed in hematopoietic cells or organs. It may play a role controlling differentiation in mammals. All members in this family contain four RNA recognition motifs (RRM), also known as RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain).

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 25146814  67 NSVLRTIIENMMFPVSLDVLYQLFTRYGKVLRIITFNKNNTFQALVQMSEANSAQLAKQGLENQNVYNGCCTLRIDYSKL 146
Cdd:cd12693   1 NPVLRVIVENLFYPVTLDVLHQIFSKFGTVLKIITFTKNNQFQALIQFADAVSAQAAKLSLDGQNIYNGCCTLRIDFSKL 80

                        90
                ....*....|....*.
gi 25146814 147 STLNVKYNNDKSRDYT 162
Cdd:cd12693  81 TSLNVKYNNDKSRDYT 96

RNA recognition motif;

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 25146814    260 VILVSNLHEmKVTTDALFTLFGVYGDVMRVKILYNKKDN-----ALIQYSEPQQAQLALTHLDKVKWHDRLIRV 328
Cdd:smart00360   1 TLFVGNLPP-DTTEEELRELFSKFGKVESVRLVRDKETGkskgfAFVEFESEEDAEKALEALNGKELDGRPLKV 73

RNA recognition motif 2 (RRM2) found in polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTB or hnRNP I) and similar proteins; This subfamily corresponds to the RRM2 of polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTB or hnRNP I), polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 2 (PTBP2 or nPTB), regulator of differentiation 1 (Rod1), and similar proteins found in Metazoa. PTB is an important negative regulator of alternative splicing in mammalian cells and also functions at several other aspects of mRNA metabolism, including mRNA localization, stabilization, polyadenylation, and translation. PTBP2 is highly homologous to PTB and is perhaps specific to the vertebrates. Unlike PTB, PTBP2 is enriched in the brain and in some neural cell lines. It binds more stably to the downstream control sequence (DCS) RNA than PTB does but is a weaker repressor of splicing in vitro. PTBP2 also greatly enhances the binding of two other proteins, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) H and KH-type splicing-regulatory protein (KSRP), to the DCS RNA. The binding properties of PTBP2 and its reduced inhibitory activity on splicing imply roles in controlling the assembly of other splicing-regulatory proteins. PTBP2 also contains four RRMs. ROD1 coding protein Rod1 is a mammalian PTB homolog of a regulator of differentiation in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, where the nrd1 gene encodes an RNA binding protein negatively regulates the onset of differentiation. ROD1 is predominantly expressed in hematopoietic cells or organs. It may play a role controlling differentiation in mammals. All members in this family contain four RNA recognition motifs (RRM), also known as RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain).

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 25146814  67 NSVLRTIIENMMFPVSLDVLYQLFTRYGKVLRIITFNKNNTFQALVQMSEANSAQLAKQGLENQNVYNGCCTLRIDYSKL 146
Cdd:cd12693   1 NPVLRVIVENLFYPVTLDVLHQIFSKFGTVLKIITFTKNNQFQALIQFADAVSAQAAKLSLDGQNIYNGCCTLRIDFSKL 80

                        90
                ....*....|....*.
gi 25146814 147 STLNVKYNNDKSRDYT 162
Cdd:cd12693  81 TSLNVKYNNDKSRDYT 96

RNA recognition motif 2 (RRM2) found in vertebrate polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 2 (PTBP2); This subgroup corresponds to the RRM2 of PTBP2, also known as neural polypyrimidine tract-binding protein or neurally-enriched homolog of PTB (nPTB), highly homologous to polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB) and perhaps specific to the vertebrates. Unlike PTB, PTBP2 is enriched in the brain and in some neural cell lines. It binds more stably to the downstream control sequence (DCS) RNA than PTB does but is a weaker repressor of splicing in vitro. PTBP2 also greatly enhances the binding of two other proteins, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) H and KH-type splicing-regulatory protein (KSRP), to the DCS RNA. The binding properties of PTBP2 and its reduced inhibitory activity on splicing imply roles in controlling the assembly of other splicing-regulatory proteins. PTBP2 contains four RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), also known as RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain).

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 25146814  69 VLRTIIENMMFPVSLDVLYQLFTRYGKVLRIITFNKNNTFQALVQMSEANSAQLAKQGLENQNVYNGCCTLRIDYSKLST 148
Cdd:cd12783   3 VLRIIIDNMYYPVTLDVLHQIFSKFGTVLKIITFTKNNQFQALLQYGDPVNAQQAKLALDGQNIYNACCTLRIDFSKLVN 82

                        90       100
                ....*....|....*....|..
gi 25146814 149 LNVKYNNDKSRDYTNPNLPAGE 170
Cdd:cd12783  83 LNVKYNNDKSRDYTRPDLPSGD 104

RNA recognition motif 4 (RRM4) found in polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTB or hnRNP I) and similar proteins; This subfamily corresponds to the RRM4 of polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTB or hnRNP I), polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 2 (PTBP2 or nPTB), regulator of differentiation 1 (Rod1), and similar proteins found in Metazoa. PTB is an important negative regulator of alternative splicing in mammalian cells and also functions at several other aspects of mRNA metabolism, including mRNA localization, stabilization, polyadenylation, and translation. PTBP2 is highly homologous to PTB and is perhaps specific to the vertebrates. Unlike PTB, PTBP2 is enriched in the brain and in some neural cell lines. It binds more stably to the downstream control sequence (DCS) RNA than PTB does but is a weaker repressor of splicing in vitro. PTBP2 also greatly enhances the binding of two other proteins, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) H and KH-type splicing-regulatory protein (KSRP), to the DCS RNA. The binding properties of PTBP2 and its reduced inhibitory activity on splicing imply roles in controlling the assembly of other splicing-regulatory proteins. PTBP2 also contains four RRMs. ROD1 coding protein Rod1 is a mammalian PTB homolog of a regulator of differentiation in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, where the nrd1 gene encodes an RNA binding protein negatively regulates the onset of differentiation. ROD1 is predominantly expressed in hematopoietic cells or organs. It may play a role controlling differentiation in mammals. All members in this family contain four RNA recognition motifs (RRM), also known as RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain).

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 25146814 377 TLHLSNIPTSVSEEKLKEMFAEAGFAVKAFKFFPKDHKMALCQLEDIETAIDALIAMHNHKLAENAHLRVSFSKS 451
Cdd:cd12425   1 TLHLSNIPPSVTEEDLKDLFTSTGGTVKAFKFFQKDRKMALIQMGSVEEAIEALIALHNYQLSENSHLRVSFSKS 75

RNA recognition motif 3 (RRM3) found in vertebrate polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTB); This subgroup corresponds to the RRM3 of PTB, also known as 58 kDa RNA-binding protein PPTB-1 or heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein I (hnRNP I), an important negative regulator of alternative splicing in mammalian cells. PTB also functions at several other aspects of mRNA metabolism, including mRNA localization, stabilization, polyadenylation, and translation. PTB contains four RNA recognition motifs (RRM), also known as RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain). RRM1 and RRM2 are independent from each other and separated by flexible linkers. By contrast, there is an unusual and conserved interdomain interaction between RRM3 and RRM4. It is widely held that only RRMs 3 and 4 are involved in RNA binding and RRM2 mediates PTB homodimer formation. However, new evidence show that the RRMs 1 and 2 also contribute substantially to RNA binding. Moreover, PTB may not always dimerize to repress splicing. It is a monomer in solution.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 25146814 260 VILVSNLHEMKVTTDALFTLFGVYGDVMRVKILYNKKDNALIQYSEPQQAQLALTHLDKVKWHDRLIRVAPSKHTNVQMP 339
Cdd:cd12695   1 VLLVSNLNPERVTPQCLFILFGVYGDVQRVKILFNKKENALVQMADGNQAQLAMSHLNGQKLHGKPIRITLSKHQTVQLP 80

                        90
                ....*....|...
gi 25146814 340 KEGQPDAGLTRDY 352
Cdd:cd12695  81 REGQEDQGLTKDY 93

RNA recognition motif 3 (RRM3) found in vertebrate polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 2 (PTBP2); This subgroup corresponds to the RRM3 of PTBP2, also known as neural polypyrimidine tract-binding protein or neurally-enriched homolog of PTB (nPTB), highly homologous to polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB) and perhaps specific to the vertebrates. Unlike PTB, PTBP2 is enriched in the brain and in some neural cell lines. It binds more stably to the downstream control sequence (DCS) RNA than PTB does but is a weaker repressor of splicing in vitro. PTBP2 also greatly enhances the binding of two other proteins, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) H and KH-type splicing-regulatory protein (KSRP), to the DCS RNA. The binding properties of PTBP2 and its reduced inhibitory activity on splicing imply roles in controlling the assembly of other splicing-regulatory proteins. PTBP2 contains four RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), also known as RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain).

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 25146814 260 VILVSNLHEMKVTTDALFTLFGVYGDVMRVKILYNKKDNALIQYSEPQQAQLALTHLDKVKWHDRLIRVAPSKHTNVQMP 339
Cdd:cd12696  15 VLLVSNLNEEMVTPQSLFTLFGVYGDVQRVKILYNKKDSALIQMADGNQSQLAMSHLNGQKMYGKIIRVTLSKHQTVQLP 94

                        90
                ....*....|...
gi 25146814 340 KEGQPDAGLTRDY 352
Cdd:cd12696  95 REGLDDQGLTKDF 107

RNA recognition motif 4 (RRM4) found in vertebrate polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTB); This subgroup corresponds to the RRM4 of PTB, also known as 58 kDa RNA-binding protein PPTB-1 or heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein I (hnRNP I), an important negative regulator of alternative splicing in mammalian cells. PTB also functions at several other aspects of mRNA metabolism, including mRNA localization, stabilization, polyadenylation, and translation. PTB contains four RNA recognition motifs (RRM), also known as RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain). RRM1 and RRM2 are independent from each other and separated by flexible linkers. By contrast, there is an unusual and conserved interdomain interaction between RRM3 and RRM4. It is widely held that only RRMs 3 and 4 are involved in RNA binding and RRM2 mediates PTB homodimer formation. However, new evidence shows that the RRMs 1 and 2 also contribute substantially to RNA binding. Moreover, PTB may not always dimerize to repress splicing. It is a monomer in solution.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 25146814 377 TLHLSNIPTSVSEEKLKEMFAEAGFAVKAFKFFPKDHKMALCQLEDIETAIDALIAMHNHKLAENAHLRVSFSKS 451
Cdd:cd12701   1 TLHLSNIPPSVSEEDLKMLFSSNGGMVKGFKFFQKDRKMALIQMGSVEEAIQALIDLHNHDLGENHHLRVSFSKS 75

RNA recognition motif. (a.k.a. RRM, RBD, or RNP domain); The RRM motif is probably diagnostic of an RNA binding protein. RRMs are found in a variety of RNA binding proteins, including various hnRNP proteins, proteins implicated in regulation of alternative splicing, and protein components of snRNPs. The motif also appears in a few single stranded DNA binding proteins.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 25146814   259 PVILVSNLHEMKVTTDALFTLFGVYGDVMRVKILYNKKDNALIQYSEPQQAQLALTHLDKVKWHDRLIRVAPSKHTNV-- 336
Cdd:pfam13893  27 SVLMVYGLNPDRVNCDKLFNLFCLYGNVARVKFMKNKKGTAMVQMGDASQVQRAIQHLNGHPLFGKRLQIILSKQQAVsy 106

                          90
                  ....*....|....*....
gi 25146814   337 QMPKEGQPDAGLTRDYAHS 355
Cdd:pfam13893 107 ALPFELQDDSPSFKDYSNS 125

RNA recognition motif 2 (RRM2) found in plant polypyrimidine tract-binding protein homolog 3 (PTBPH3); This subfamily corresponds to the RRM2 of PTBPH3. Although its biological roles remain unclear, PTBPH3 shows significant sequence similarity to polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB) that is an important negative regulator of alternative splicing in mammalian cells and also functions at several other aspects of mRNA metabolism, including mRNA localization, stabilization, polyadenylation, and translation. Like PTB, PTBPH3 contains four RNA recognition motifs (RRM), also known as RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain).

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 25146814  66 PNSVLRTIIENMMFPVSLDVLYQLFTRYGKVLRIITFNKNNTFQALVQMSEANSAQLAKQGLENQNVYNGCCTLRIDYSK 145
Cdd:cd12692   1 PNRILLVTIHHPLYPITVDVLHQVFSPHGFVEKIVTFQKSAGLQALIQYQSQQSAVQARSALQGRNIYDGCCQLDIQFSN 80

                ....*...
gi 25146814 146 LSTLNVKY 153
Cdd:cd12692  81 LQELQVNY 88

RNA recognition motif 2 (RRM2) found in heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L (hnRNP-L) and similar proteins; This subfamily corresponds to the RRM2 of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L (hnRNP-L), heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L-like (hnRNP-LL), and similar proteins. hnRNP-L is a higher eukaryotic specific subunit of human KMT3a (also known as HYPB or hSet2) complex required for histone H3 Lys-36 trimethylation activity. It plays both nuclear and cytoplasmic roles in mRNA export of intronless genes, IRES-mediated translation, mRNA stability, and splicing. hnRNP-LL plays a critical and unique role in the signal-induced regulation of CD45 and acts as a global regulator of alternative splicing in activated T cells. It is closely related in domain structure and sequence to hnRNP-L, which contains three RNA-recognition motifs (RRMs), also known as RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain).

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 25146814  67 NSVLRTIIENMMFPVSLDVLYQLFTRYGKVLRIITFNKNNtFQALVQMSEANSAQLAKQGLENQNVYNGCCTLRIDYSKL 146
Cdd:cd12694   1 NHVLLFTILNPLYPITVDVIHTICSPYGKVLRIVIFRKNG-VQAMVEFDSVESAQRAKAALNGADIYSGCCTLKIEYAKP 79

                ....*.
gi 25146814 147 STLNVK 152
Cdd:cd12694  80 TRLNVY 85

RNA recognition motif 2 (RRM2) found in vertebrate heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L-like (hnRNP-LL); The subgroup corresponds to the RRM2 of hnRNP-LL which plays a critical and unique role in the signal-induced regulation of CD45 and acts as a global regulator of alternative splicing in activated T cells. It is closely related in domain structure and sequence to heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L (hnRNP-L), which is an abundant nuclear, multifunctional RNA-binding protein with three RNA-recognition motifs (RRMs), also known as RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain).

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 25146814  67 NSVLRTIIENMMFPVSLDVLYQLFTRYGKVLRIITFnKNNTFQALVQMSEANSAQLAKQGLENQNVYNGCCTLRIDYSKL 146
Cdd:cd12786   2 NKVLLLSIQNPLYPITVDVLYTVCNPVGKVQRIVIF-KRNGIQAMVEFESVECAQKAKAALNGADIYAGCCTLKIEYARP 80

                        90
                ....*....|....*.
gi 25146814 147 STLNVKYNNDKSRDYT 162
Cdd:cd12786  81 TRLNVIRNDNDSWDYT 96

RNA recognition motif 1 (RRM1) found in heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L (hnRNP-L) and similar proteins; This subfamily corresponds to the RRM3 of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L (hnRNP-L), heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L-like (hnRNP-LL), and similar proteins. hnRNP-L is a higher eukaryotic specific subunit of human KMT3a (also known as HYPB or hSet2) complex required for histone H3 Lys-36 trimethylation activity. It plays both, nuclear and cytoplasmic, roles in mRNA export of intronless genes, IRES-mediated translation, mRNA stability, and splicing. hnRNP-LL plays a critical and unique role in the signal-induced regulation of CD45 and acts as a global regulator of alternative splicing in activated T cells. It is closely related in domain structure and sequence to hnRNP-L, which contains three RNA-recognition motifs (RRMs), also known as RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain). The family also includes polypyrimidine tract binding protein homolog 3 (PTBPH3) found in plant. Although its biological roles remain unclear, PTBPH3 shows significant sequence similarity to polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB) that is an important negative regulator of alternative splicing in mammalian cells and also functions at several other aspects of mRNA metabolism, including mRNA localization, stabilization, polyadenylation, and translation. Like PTB, PTBPH3 contains four RRMs.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 25146814 260 VILVSNLHEMKVTTDALFTLFGVYGDVMRVKILYNKKDNALIQYSEPQQAQLALTHLDKVKWHDRLIRVAPSKH 333
Cdd:cd12424   1 VLMVYGLDPDKMNCDRLFNLLCLYGNVLKIKFLKSKPGTAMVQMGDPVAADRAIQNLNNVVLFGQKLQLTYSKQ 74

RNA recognition motif (RRM) superfamily; RRM, also known as RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain), is a highly abundant domain in eukaryotes found in proteins involved in post-transcriptional gene expression processes including mRNA and rRNA processing, RNA export, and RNA stability. This domain is 90 amino acids in length and consists of a four-stranded beta-sheet packed against two alpha-helices. RRM usually interacts with ssRNA, but is also known to interact with ssDNA as well as proteins. RRM binds a variable number of nucleotides, ranging from two to eight. The active site includes three aromatic side-chains located within the conserved RNP1 and RNP2 motifs of the domain. The RRM domain is found in a variety heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs), proteins implicated in regulation of alternative splicing, and protein components of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs).

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 25146814 261 ILVSNLHEmKVTTDALFTLFGVYGDVMRVKILYNKKDN----ALIQYSEPQQAQLALTHLDKVKWHDRLIRV 328
Cdd:cd00590   1 LFVGNLPP-DTTEEDLRELFSKFGEVVSVRIVRDRDGKskgfAFVEFESPEDAEKALEALNGTELGGRPLKV 71

RNA recognition motif 3 (RRM3) found in polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTB or hnRNP I) and similar proteins; This subfamily corresponds to the RRM3 of polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTB or hnRNP I), polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 2 (PTBP2 or nPTB), regulator of differentiation 1 (Rod1), and similar proteins found in Metazoa. PTB is an important negative regulator of alternative splicing in mammalian cells and also functions at several other aspects of mRNA metabolism, including mRNA localization, stabilization, polyadenylation, and translation. PTBP2 is highly homologous to PTB and is perhaps specific to the vertebrates. Unlike PTB, PTBP2 is enriched in the brain and in some neural cell lines. It binds more stably to the downstream control sequence (DCS) RNA than PTB does but is a weaker repressor of splicing in vitro. PTBP2 also greatly enhances the binding of two other proteins, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) H and KH-type splicing-regulatory protein (KSRP), to the DCS RNA. The binding properties of PTBP2 and its reduced inhibitory activity on splicing imply roles in controlling the assembly of other splicing-regulatory proteins. PTBP2 also contains four RRMs. ROD1 coding protein Rod1 is a mammalian PTB homolog of a regulator of differentiation in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, where the nrd1 gene encodes an RNA binding protein negatively regulates the onset of differentiation. ROD1 is predominantly expressed in hematopoietic cells or organs. It may play a role controlling differentiation in mammals. All members in this family contain four RNA recognition motifs (RRM), also known as RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain).

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 25146814  81 VSLDVLYQLFTRYGKVLRI-ITFNKNNTfqALVQMSEANSAQLAKQGLENQNVYNGccTLRIDYSK 145
Cdd:cd12423  12 VTPDALFTLFGVYGDVLRVkILFNKKDT--ALIQMADPQQAQTALQHLNGIKLFGK--PIRVTLSK 73

RNA recognition motif 3 (RRM3) found in vertebrate heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L-like (hnRNP-LL); The subgroup corresponds to the RRM3 of hnRNP-LL which plays a critical and unique role in the signal-induced regulation of CD45 and acts as a global regulator of alternative splicing in activated T cells. It is closely related in domain structure and sequence to heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L (hnRNP-L), which is an abundant nuclear, multifunctional RNA-binding protein with three RNA-recognition motifs (RRMs), also known as RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain).

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 25146814 260 VILVSNLHEMKVTTDALFTLFGVYGDVMRVKILYNKKDNALIQYSEPQQAQLALTHLDKVKWHDRLIRVAPSKH 333
Cdd:cd12700   1 VAMVSGLHQLKMNCSRVFNLFCLYGNIEKVKFMKTIPGTALVEMGDEYAVERAVTHLNNVKLFGKRLNVCVSKQ 74

RNA recognition motif 4 (RRM4) found in plant polypyrimidine tract-binding protein homolog 3 (PTBPH3); This subfamily corresponds to the RRM4 of PTBPH3. Although its biological roles remain unclear, PTBPH3 shows significant sequence similarity to polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB) that is an important negative regulator of alternative splicing in mammalian cells and also functions at several other aspects of mRNA metabolism, including mRNA localization, stabilization, polyadenylation, and translation. Like PTB, PTBPH3 contains four RNA recognition motifs (RRM), also known as RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain).

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 25146814 373 PPCATLHLSNIPTSVSEEKLKEMFAEAGFAVKAFKFFPKDHKMALCQLEDIETAIDALIAMHNHKLAENAhLRVSF 448
Cdd:cd12426   5 SPTKMIHVSSLPQDVTEEDVLNHLQEHGAIVNTKVFESNGKKQALVLFENEEQATEALVCKHASSLGGST-IRISF 79

RNA recognition motif 4 (RRM4) found in heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L (hnRNP-L) and similar proteins; This subfamily corresponds to the RRM4 of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L (hnRNP-L), heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L-like (hnRNP-LL), and similar proteins. hnRNP-L is a higher eukaryotic specific subunit of human KMT3a (also known as HYPB or hSet2) complex required for histone H3 Lys-36 trimethylation activity. It plays both, nuclear and cytoplasmic, roles in mRNA export of intronless genes, IRES-mediated translation, mRNA stability, and splicing. hnRNP-LL plays a critical and unique role in the signal-induced regulation of CD45 and acts as a global regulator of alternative splicing in activated T cells. It is closely related in domain structure and sequence to hnRNP-L, which contains three RNA-recognition motifs (RRMs), also known as RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain).

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 25146814 374 PCATLHLSNIPTSVSEEKLKEMFAEAGF----AVKAFKffPKDHKMA--LCQLEDIETAIDALIAMHNHKL 438
Cdd:cd12427   1 PSKVLHFFNAPPEITEETLKELFIEAGApppvKVKVFP--SKSERSSsgLLEFESVEDALEALALCNHTPI 69

RNA recognition motif (RRM) superfamily; RRM, also known as RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain), is a highly abundant domain in eukaryotes found in proteins involved in post-transcriptional gene expression processes including mRNA and rRNA processing, RNA export, and RNA stability. This domain is 90 amino acids in length and consists of a four-stranded beta-sheet packed against two alpha-helices. RRM usually interacts with ssRNA, but is also known to interact with ssDNA as well as proteins. RRM binds a variable number of nucleotides, ranging from two to eight. The active site includes three aromatic side-chains located within the conserved RNP1 and RNP2 motifs of the domain. The RRM domain is found in a variety heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs), proteins implicated in regulation of alternative splicing, and protein components of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs).

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 25146814 378 LHLSNIPTSVSEEKLKEMFAEAGfAVKAFKFFPKDHK----MALCQLEDIETAIDALIAMHNHKLaENAHLRVS 447
Cdd:cd00590   1 LFVGNLPPDTTEEDLRELFSKFG-EVVSVRIVRDRDGkskgFAFVEFESPEDAEKALEALNGTEL-GGRPLKVS 72

RNA recognition motif 3 (RRM3) found in vertebrate polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTB); This subgroup corresponds to the RRM3 of PTB, also known as 58 kDa RNA-binding protein PPTB-1 or heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein I (hnRNP I), an important negative regulator of alternative splicing in mammalian cells. PTB also functions at several other aspects of mRNA metabolism, including mRNA localization, stabilization, polyadenylation, and translation. PTB contains four RNA recognition motifs (RRM), also known as RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain). RRM1 and RRM2 are independent from each other and separated by flexible linkers. By contrast, there is an unusual and conserved interdomain interaction between RRM3 and RRM4. It is widely held that only RRMs 3 and 4 are involved in RNA binding and RRM2 mediates PTB homodimer formation. However, new evidence show that the RRMs 1 and 2 also contribute substantially to RNA binding. Moreover, PTB may not always dimerize to repress splicing. It is a monomer in solution.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 25146814  81 VSLDVLYQLFTRYGKVLRI-ITFNKNNtfQALVQMSEANSAQLAKQGLENQNVYNGccTLRIDYSKLSTLNV 151
Cdd:cd12695  12 VTPQCLFILFGVYGDVQRVkILFNKKE--NALVQMADGNQAQLAMSHLNGQKLHGK--PIRITLSKHQTVQL 79

RNA recognition motif. (a.k.a. RRM, RBD, or RNP domain); The RRM motif is probably diagnostic of an RNA binding protein. RRMs are found in a variety of RNA binding proteins, including various hnRNP proteins, proteins implicated in regulation of alternative splicing, and protein components of snRNPs. The motif also appears in a few single stranded DNA binding proteins. The RRM structure consists of four strands and two helices arranged in an alpha/beta sandwich, with a third helix present during RNA binding in some cases The C-terminal beta strand (4th strand) and final helix are hard to align and have been omitted in the SEED alignment The LA proteins have an N terminal rrm which is included in the seed. There is a second region towards the C terminus that has some features characteriztic of a rrm but does not appear to have the important structural core of a rrm. The LA proteins are one of the main autoantigens in Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disease.

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 25146814   380 LSNIPTSVSEEKLKEMFAEAGfAVKAFKFFPKDHK----MALCQLEDIETAIDALIAMHNHKL 438
Cdd:pfam00076   3 VGNLPPDTTEEDLKDLFSKFG-PIKSIRLVRDETGrskgFAFVEFEDEEDAEKAIEALNGKEL 64

RNA recognition motif (RRM) found in cleavage stimulation factor subunit 2 (CSTF2), yeast ortholog mRNA 3'-end-processing protein RNA15 and similar proteins; This subfamily corresponds to the RRM domain of CSTF2, its tau variant and eukaryotic homologs. CSTF2, also termed cleavage stimulation factor 64 kDa subunit (CstF64), is the vertebrate conterpart of yeast mRNA 3'-end-processing protein RNA15. It is expressed in all somatic tissues and is one of three cleavage stimulatory factor (CstF) subunits required for polyadenylation. CstF64 contains an N-terminal RNA recognition motif (RRM), also known as RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain), a CstF77-binding domain, a repeated MEARA helical region and a conserved C-terminal domain reported to bind the transcription factor PC-4. During polyadenylation, CstF interacts with the pre-mRNA through the RRM of CstF64 at U- or GU-rich sequences within 10 to 30 nucleotides downstream of the cleavage site. CSTF2T, also termed tauCstF64, is a paralog of the X-linked cleavage stimulation factor CstF64 protein that supports polyadenylation in most somatic cells. It is expressed during meiosis and subsequent haploid differentiation in a more limited set of tissues and cell types, largely in meiotic and postmeiotic male germ cells, and to a lesser extent in brain. The loss of CSTF2T will cause male infertility, as it is necessary for spermatogenesis and fertilization. Moreover, CSTF2T is required for expression of genes involved in morphological differentiation of spermatids, as well as for genes having products that function during interaction of motile spermatozoa with eggs. It promotes germ cell-specific patterns of polyadenylation by using its RRM to bind to different sequence elements downstream of polyadenylation sites than does CstF64. The family also includes yeast ortholog mRNA 3'-end-processing protein RNA15 and similar proteins. RNA15 is a core subunit of cleavage factor IA (CFIA), an essential transcriptional 3'-end processing factor from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. RNA recognition by CFIA is mediated by an N-terminal RRM, which is contained in the RNA15 subunit of the complex. The RRM of RNA15 has a strong preference for GU-rich RNAs, mediated by a binding pocket that is entirely conserved in both yeast and vertebrate RNA15 orthologs.

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                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 25146814 382 NIPTSVSEEKLKEMFAEAGfAVKAFKFF-------PKDhkMALCQLEDIETAIDALIAMHNHKLaENAHLRVSFS 449
Cdd:cd12398   7 NIPYDATEEQLKEIFSEVG-PVVSFRLVtdretgkPKG--YGFCEFRDAETALSAVRNLNGYEL-NGRPLRVDFA 77

RNA recognition motif 3 (RRM3) found in vertebrate regulator of differentiation 1 (Rod1); This subgroup corresponds to the RRM3 of ROD1 coding protein Rod1, a mammalian polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB) homolog of a regulator of differentiation in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, where the nrd1 gene encodes an RNA binding protein negatively regulates the onset of differentiation. ROD1 is predominantly expressed in hematopoietic cells or organs. It might play a role controlling differentiation in mammals. Rod1 contains four repeats of RNA recognition motifs (RRM), also known as RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain) and does have RNA binding activities.

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                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 25146814  86 LYQLFTRYGKVLRI-ITFNKNNtfQALVQMSEANSAQLAKQGLENQNVYNGccTLRIDYSK 145
Cdd:cd12697  18 LFILFGVYGDVLRVkIMFNKKE--NALVQMADATQAQIAMSHLNGQRLYGK--VLRATLSK 74

RNA recognition motif 1 (RRM1) found in heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L (hnRNP-L) and similar proteins; This subfamily corresponds to the RRM3 of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L (hnRNP-L), heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L-like (hnRNP-LL), and similar proteins. hnRNP-L is a higher eukaryotic specific subunit of human KMT3a (also known as HYPB or hSet2) complex required for histone H3 Lys-36 trimethylation activity. It plays both, nuclear and cytoplasmic, roles in mRNA export of intronless genes, IRES-mediated translation, mRNA stability, and splicing. hnRNP-LL plays a critical and unique role in the signal-induced regulation of CD45 and acts as a global regulator of alternative splicing in activated T cells. It is closely related in domain structure and sequence to hnRNP-L, which contains three RNA-recognition motifs (RRMs), also known as RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain). The family also includes polypyrimidine tract binding protein homolog 3 (PTBPH3) found in plant. Although its biological roles remain unclear, PTBPH3 shows significant sequence similarity to polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB) that is an important negative regulator of alternative splicing in mammalian cells and also functions at several other aspects of mRNA metabolism, including mRNA localization, stabilization, polyadenylation, and translation. Like PTB, PTBPH3 contains four RRMs.

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                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 25146814  84 DVLYQLFTRYGKVLRIiTFNKNNTFQALVQMSEANSAQLAKQGLENQNVYNGccTLRIDYSK 145
Cdd:cd12424  15 DRLFNLLCLYGNVLKI-KFLKSKPGTAMVQMGDPVAADRAIQNLNNVVLFGQ--KLQLTYSK 73

RNA recognition motif 4 (RRM4) found in RNA-binding protein 19 (RBM19) and RNA recognition motif 3 (RRM3) found in multiple RNA-binding domain-containing protein 1 (MRD1); This subfamily corresponds to the RRM4 of RBM19 and the RRM3 of MRD1. RBM19, also termed RNA-binding domain-1 (RBD-1), is a nucleolar protein conserved in eukaryotes involved in ribosome biogenesis by processing rRNA and is essential for preimplantation development. It has a unique domain organization containing 6 conserved RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), also termed RBDs (RNA binding domains) or RNPs (ribonucleoprotein domains). MRD1 is encoded by a novel yeast gene MRD1 (multiple RNA-binding domain). It is well conserved in yeast and its homologues exist in all eukaryotes. MRD1 is present in the nucleolus and the nucleoplasm. It interacts with the 35 S precursor rRNA (pre-rRNA) and U3 small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs). MRD1 is essential for the initial processing at the A0-A2 cleavage sites in the 35 S pre-rRNA. MRD1 contains 5 conserved RRMs, which may play an important structural role in organizing specific rRNA processing events.

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                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 25146814 260 VILVSNLhEMKVTTDALFTLFGVYGDVMRVkILYNKKDNALIQYSEPQQAQLALTHLDKVKWHD 323
Cdd:cd12317   2 VILVKNL-PFGATEEELRELFEKFGTLGRL-LLPPSRTIALVEFLEPQDARRAFKKLAYKRFKH 63

RNA recognition motif (RRM) superfamily; RRM, also known as RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain), is a highly abundant domain in eukaryotes found in proteins involved in post-transcriptional gene expression processes including mRNA and rRNA processing, RNA export, and RNA stability. This domain is 90 amino acids in length and consists of a four-stranded beta-sheet packed against two alpha-helices. RRM usually interacts with ssRNA, but is also known to interact with ssDNA as well as proteins. RRM binds a variable number of nucleotides, ranging from two to eight. The active site includes three aromatic side-chains located within the conserved RNP1 and RNP2 motifs of the domain. The RRM domain is found in a variety heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs), proteins implicated in regulation of alternative splicing, and protein components of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs).

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                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 25146814  73 IIENMMFPVSLDVLYQLFTRYGKVLRIITF---NKNNTFQALVQMSEANSAQLAKQGLENQNVYNgcCTLRID 142
Cdd:cd00590   2 FVGNLPPDTTEEDLRELFSKFGEVVSVRIVrdrDGKSKGFAFVEFESPEDAEKALEALNGTELGG--RPLKVS 72

RNA recognition motif (RRM) found in RNA-binding protein with serine-rich domain 1 (RNPS1) and similar proteins; This subfamily corresponds to the RRM of RNPS1 and its eukaryotic homologs. RNPS1, also termed RNA-binding protein prevalent during the S phase, or SR-related protein LDC2, was originally characterized as a general pre-mRNA splicing activator, which activates both constitutive and alternative splicing of pre-mRNA in vitro.It has been identified as a protein component of the splicing-dependent mRNP complex, or exon-exon junction complex (EJC), and is directly involved in mRNA surveillance. Furthermore, RNPS1 is a splicing regulator whose activator function is controlled in part by CK2 (casein kinase II) protein kinase phosphorylation. It can also function as a squamous-cell carcinoma antigen recognized by T cells-3 (SART3)-binding protein, and is involved in the regulation of mRNA splicing. RNPS1 contains an N-terminal serine-rich (S) domain, a central RNA recognition motif (RRM), also termed RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain), and the C-terminal arginine/serine/proline-rich (RS/P) domain.

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                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 25146814 261 ILVSNLHEmKVTTDALFTLFGVYGDVMRVKILYNKKDN-----ALIQYSEPQQAQLALTHLD 317
Cdd:cd12365   1 LHVGKLTR-NVTKDHLKEIFSVYGTVKNVDLPIDREPNlprgyAYVEFESPEDAEKAIKHMD 61

RNA recognition motif 1 and 2 (RRM1, RRM2) found in Arabidopsis thaliana CTC-interacting domain protein CID8, CID9, CID10, CID11, CID12, CID 13 and similar proteins; This subgroup corresponds to the RRM domains found in A. thaliana CID8, CID9, CID10, CID11, CID12, CID 13 and mainly their plant homologs. These highly related RNA-binding proteins contain an N-terminal PAM2 domain (PABP-interacting motif 2), two RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), also termed RBDs (RNA binding domains) or RNPs (ribonucleoprotein domains), and a basic region that resembles a bipartite nuclear localization signal. The biological role of this family remains unclear.

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                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 25146814 261 ILVSNLhEMKVTTDALFTLFGVYGDVMRVKILYNKKD--NALIQYSEPQQAQLALThLDKVKWHDRLIRVAPSK 332
Cdd:cd12225   3 IHVGGI-DGSLSEDELADYFSNCGEVTQVRLCGDRVHtrFAWVEFATDASALSALN-LDGTTLGGHPLRVSPSK 74