high mobility group;

                           10        20        30        40        50        60
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 768012679   545 MKKKCVNGFIMFCRMNRKQYIRSCPGTASTAATKELAQLWRVMTQQERRPYCTKARRFSRQHNR 608
Cdd:smart00398   1 KPKRPMSAFMLFSQENRAKIKAENPDLSNAEISKKLGERWKLLSEEEKAPYEEKAKKDKERYEE 64

Chromatin-associated proteins containing the HMG domain [Chromatin structure and dynamics];

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 768012679 514 LLAAEKKATKGQVARapvkpkEKKKGPcppQMKKKCVNGFIMFCRMNRKQYIRSCPGTASTAATKELAQLWRVMTQQERR 593
Cdd:COG5648   48 LLTKPRKKTKSKRLV------RKKKDP---NGPKRPLSAYFLYSAENRDEIRKENPKLTFGEVGKLLSEKWKELTDEEKE 118

                 ....*...
gi 768012679 594 PYCTKARR 601
Cdd:COG5648  119 PYYKEANS 126

high mobility group (HMG)-box domain superfamily; The High Mobility Group (HMG)-box is found in a variety of eukaryotic chromosomal proteins and transcription factors. HMGs bind to the minor groove of DNA and have been classified by DNA binding preferences. Two phylogenetically distinct groups of Class I proteins bind DNA in a sequence specific fashion and contain a single HMG box. One group (SOX-TCF) includes transcription factors, TCF-1, -3, -4, and also SRY and LEF-1, which bind four-way DNA junctions and duplex DNA targets. The second group (MATA) includes fungal mating type gene products MC, MATA1 and Ste11. Class II and III proteins (HMGB-UBF) bind DNA in a non-sequence specific fashion and contain two or more tandem HMG boxes. Class II members include non-histone chromosomal proteins, HMG1 and HMG2, which bind to bent or distorted DNA such as four-way DNA junctions, synthetic DNA cruciforms, kinked cisplatin-modified DNA, DNA bulges, cross-overs in supercoiled DNA, and can cause looping of linear DNA. Class III members include nucleolar and mitochondrial transcription factors, UBF and mtTF1, which bind four-way DNA junctions.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 768012679 548 KCVNGFIMFCRMNRKQYIRSCPGTASTAATKELAQLWRVMTQQERRPYCTKARRFSRQH 606
Cdd:cd00084    1 RPLSAYLLFSKEKRPKLKKENPDLSFTEISKLLGERWKELSEEEKQPYEEKAKEDKERY 59

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae non-histone protein 10 (NHP10) and similar proteins; NHP10, also called high mobility group protein 2, is probably involved in transcription regulation via its interaction with the INO80 complex, a chromatin remodeling complex.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 768012679 536 KKKGPCPPqmkKKCVNGFIMFCRMNR----KQYIRSCPGTASTAATKELAQLWRVMTQQERRPY 595
Cdd:cd22016    1 KEKDPNAP---KRPANAFFLFCQEQRekvrEEYKEEHQEIDHHDLTKALAQAWRNLDAEDKKPY 61

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in HMG box-containing protein 1 (HBP1) and similar proteins; HBP1, also called HMG box transcription factor 1, or high mobility group box transcription factor 1, is a transcriptional repressor that binds to the promoter region of target genes. It plays a role in the regulation of the cell cycle and the Wnt pathway. HBP1 binds preferentially to the sequence 5'-TTCATTCATTCA-3'.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 768012679 547 KKCVNGFIMFCRMNRKQYIRSCPGTASTAATKELAQLWRVMTQQERRPYCTKARRFSRQHNRI 609
Cdd:cd21988    1 KRPMNAFMLFAKKYRVEYTQMHPGKDNRAISVILGDRWKKMKNEERRVYTLEAKALAEEHKRL 63

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in group D SRY-related high-mobility group (HMG) box (Sox) transcription factors; SoxD transcription factors includes three members, Sox5, Sox6, and Sox13. They function as important transcriptional regulators of glial development in the central nervous system. SoxD proteins influence multiple stages of oligodendrocyte development and modulate SoxE protein function. This subfamily also contains SoxD transcription factor homolog EGL-13, which specifies distinct O2 and CO2 sensory neuron fates in Caenorhabditis elegans. SOX-5 plays important roles in various cancer types. It binds specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-AACAAT-3'. SOX-6 plays a key role in cell proliferation, differentiation, and cell fate determination, as well as neurogenesis and skeleton formation. It is a tumor suppressor and downregulated in various cancers. SOX-6 binds specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-AACAAT-3'. SOX-13, also called Islet cell antigen 12 (ICA12), or type 1 diabetes auto-antigen ICA12, modulates T cell specification and is an autoimmune antigen. It binds to the sequence 5'-AACAAT-3'.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 768012679 547 KKCVNGFIMFCRMNRKQYIRSCPGTASTAATKELAQLWRVMTQQERRPYCTKARRFSRQH 606
Cdd:cd22030    3 KRPMNAFMVWAKDERRKILQAFPDMHNSNISKILGSRWKSMSNQEKQPYYEEQARLSKQH 62

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in Caenorhabditis elegans protein egg laying defective 13 (EGL-13) and similar proteins; EGL-13 may act as a transcription factor that is required for uterine cell fate decisions in Caenorhabditis elegans. It controls genes required for the specification and differentiation of O(2) and CO(2)-sensing neurons and for maintaining URX sensory neuronal cell fate.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 768012679 547 KKCVNGFIMFCRMNRKQYIRSCPGTASTAATKELAQLWRVMTQQERRPYCTKARRFSRQH 606
Cdd:cd22042    4 KRPMNAFMVWAKDERRKILKACPDMHNSNISKILGAKWKAMSNAEKQPYYEEQSRLSKLH 63

Chromatin-associated proteins containing the HMG domain [Chromatin structure and dynamics];

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 768012679 514 LLAAEKKATKGQVARapvkpkEKKKGPcppQMKKKCVNGFIMFCRMNRKQYIRSCPGTASTAATKELAQLWRVMTQQERR 593
Cdd:COG5648   48 LLTKPRKKTKSKRLV------RKKKDP---NGPKRPLSAYFLYSAENRDEIRKENPKLTFGEVGKLLSEKWKELTDEEKE 118

                 ....*...
gi 768012679 594 PYCTKARR 601
Cdd:COG5648  119 PYYKEANS 126

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae repressor ROX1 and similar proteins; This family includes class I members of the HMG-box superfamily of DNA-binding proteins, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae repressor ROX1, Schizosaccharomyces pombe mating-type M-specific polypeptide Mc (mat-Mc), Schizosaccharomyces pombe transcription factor ste11, Podospora anserina MAT+ sexual cell fertilization-promoting factor (FPR1), Podospora anserina sporulation minus regulator 2 (SMR2) and Candida albicans repressor of filamentous growth 1 (RFG1). These proteins contain a single HMG box, and bind the minor groove of DNA in a highly sequence-specific manner. ROX1, also called heme-dependent repression factor, or hypoxic function repressor, is a transcription factor that represses the expression of HEM13, COX5B, ANB1, CYC7 or AAC3. It binds to the DNA sequence 5'-RRRTAACAAGAG-3'. mat-Mc belongs to the mating type protein family, which contains sequence specific DNA-binding proteins that act as master switches in yeast differentiation by controlling gene expression in a cell type-specific fashion. mat-Mc is a positive regulator of MFM genes and is required for conjugation and efficient meiosis. Its HMG box recognizes the DNA sequence 5'-AACAAAG-3'. Ste11 is a key transcription factor for sexual development. It activates the transcription of the matp, matm, mei2, mfm, ste6 and rgs1 genes. It binds specifically to a DNA fragment carrying a 10-base motif 5'-TTCTTTGTTY-3'. FPR1 controls fertilization, probably by determining the mating type. SMR2 is a transcription factor that is required for post-fertilization events. It is required for the developmental events that occur in the female organ after fertilization. RFG1 is a transcription regulator that functions in both the positive and negative regulation of filamentous growth, depending upon environmental conditions.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 768012679 551 NGFIMFCRMNRKQYIRSCPGTASTAATKELAQLWRVMTQQERRPYCTKARRFSRQH 606
Cdd:cd01389    6 NAFILFRKEKHKQLRAQNPGLTNSEISKIIGKMWKNLSEEEKEPYKELAEEEKEEH 61

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in group B SRY-related high-mobility group (HMG) box (Sox) transcription factors; SoxB transcription factors play critical roles in the regulation of neurogenesis. They can be divided into two main subgroups, SoxB1 (Sox-1/Sox-2/Sox-3) and SoxB2 (SOX-14/SOX-21). SoxB1 proteins suppress neurogenesis by maintaining neural cells in an undifferentiated state. SoxB2 proteins may have the opposite activity and promote neuronal differentiation. SOX-1 is involved in the regulation of embryonic development and cell fate determination. It also acts as a tumor suppressor that plays an anti-tumorigenicity role in different cells and its expression is inhibited in a variety of cancers. SOX-2 plays an important role in various phases of embryonic development, including cell fate and differentiation. Its overexpression and gene amplification may be associated with tumor aggression and metastasis in various cancer types, including breast, prostate, lung, ovarian and colon cancer. SOX-3 is required during the formation of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. It plays a role in both normal neural development and carcinogenesis. SOX-14, also called SOX-28, acts as a negative regulator of transcription. It is mainly involved in the regulation of neural development. It can also promote proliferation and invasion capacity of cervical cancer cells by activating the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. SOX-21, also called SOX-A, or SOX-25, promotes the progression of vertebrate neurogenesis.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 768012679 547 KKCVNGFIMFCRMNRKQYIRSCPGTASTAATKELAQLWRVMTQQERRPYCTKARRFSRQH 606
Cdd:cd01388    4 KRPMNAFMVWSRGQRRKMAQENPKMHNSEISKRLGAEWKLLSEAEKRPFIDEAKRLRALH 63

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in group A, group B and group G of SRY-related high-mobility group (HMG) box (Sox) transcription factors; This subfamily includes SoxA, SoxB, and SoxG proteins. SRY is the only member of group A SRY-related high-mobility group (HMG) box (Sox) transcription factors. SRY, also called testis-determining factor, is a transcriptional regulator that controls a genetic switch in male development. It promotes DNA bending and is also involved in pre-mRNA splicing. The SRY HMG box recognizes DNA by partial intercalation in the minor groove. It binds to the DNA consensus sequence 5'-[AT]AACAA[AT]-3'. SoxB transcription factors play critical roles in the regulation of neurogenesis. They can be divided into two main subgroups, SoxB1 (Sox-1/Sox-2/Sox-3) and SoxB2 (SOX-14/SOX-21). SoxB1 proteins suppress neurogenesis by maintaining neural cells in an undifferentiated state. SoxB2 proteins may have the opposite activity and promote neuronal differentiation. SOX-5 is the only member of group G Sox transcription factors. It is also called SOX-12, SOX-20, SOX-26, or SOX-27. SOX-5 is a crucial transcription factor involved in the regulation of embryonic development and in cell fate determination. It binds to the 5'-AACAAT-3' sequence. SOX-15 can be a tumor suppressor in multiple cancer types.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 768012679 547 KKCVNGFIMFCRMNRKQYIRSCPGTASTAATKELAQLWRVMTQQERRPYCTKARRFSRQH 606
Cdd:cd22028    3 KRPMNAFMVWSREQRRKIAQENPKMHNSEISKRLGAEWKQLSEDEKRPFIDEAKRLRAQH 62

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in sex determining region Y (SRY)-box 30 (SOX30) and similar proteins; SOX-30 is a crucial transcription factor that controls the transition from a late meiotic to a post-meiotic gene expression program and subsequent round spermatid development. It specially prevents Wnt-signaling to suppress metastasis. SOX-30 binds to the DNA sequence 5'-ACAAT-3' and shows a preference for guanine residues surrounding this core motif. SOX-30 is the only member of the group H of SRY-related high-mobility group (HMG) box (Sox) transcription factors.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 768012679 547 KKCVNGFIMFCRMNRKQYIRSCPGTASTAATKELAQLWRVMTQQERRPYCTKARRFSRQH 606
Cdd:cd22033    3 KRPMNAFMVWARIHRPALAKANPNANNADISVQLGEEWNKLTEEQKKPYYDEAQKLKEQH 62

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in sex determining region Y (SRY)-box 18 (SOX18) and similar proteins; SOX-18 is a transcription factor involved in the development of cardiovascular and lymphatic vessels during embryonic development. It binds to the consensus sequence 5'-AACAAAG-3' and is able to trans-activate transcription via this site. SOX-18 belongs to the group F of SRY-related high-mobility group (HMG) box (Sox) transcription factors.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 768012679 547 KKCVNGFIMFCRMNRKQYIRSCPGTASTAATKELAQLWRVMTQQERRPYCTKARRFSRQH 606
Cdd:cd22048    5 RRPMNAFMVWAKDERKRLAQQNPDLHNAVLSKMLGQSWKSLSAAEKRPFVEEAERLRVQH 64

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in Arabidopsis thaliana high mobility group B protein 1 (HMGB1) and similar proteins; This subfamily contains a group of Arabidopsis thaliana HMGB family proteins, including HMGB1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 12 and 14. They bind preferentially to double-stranded DNA. HMGB1 modulates general plant growth and stress tolerance and confers sensitivity to salt and genotoxic (methyl methanesulfonate, MMS) stresses. HMGB2 and HMGB5 confer sensitivity to salt and drought stresses. HMGB7 is required for karyogamy during female gametophyte development, when the two polar nuclei fuse to form the diploid central cell nucleus. Members of this subfamily contain only one HMG-box domain.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 768012679 547 KKCVNGFIMFcrMN--RKQYIRSCPGTASTAATKELAQLWRVMTQQERRPYCTKAR 600
Cdd:cd22005    1 KRPPTAFFLF--LAdfRKTYKKKNPDKSVKAVGKAAGEKWKSMSDEEKAPYVEKAE 54

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in HMG box-containing protein 2 (HBP2) and similar proteins; HBP2, also called HMG box transcription factor BBX, or Bobby sox homolog, is a transcription factor that is necessary for cell cycle progression from the G1 to S phase.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 768012679 551 NGFIMFCRMNRKQYIRSCPGTASTAATKELAQLWRVMTQQERRPYCTKARRF 602
Cdd:cd21989    5 NAFLLFCKRHRSLVRERHPRLDNRGITKILGDWWAVLDPDEKQKYTDLAKQY 56

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in sex determining region Y (SRY)-box 7 (SOX7) and similar proteins; SOX-7 is an endothelial-associated transcription factor that acts as a tumor suppressor in a number of cancer types. It binds the DNA sequence 5'-AACAAT-3'. SOX-7 belongs to the group F of SRY-related high-mobility group (HMG) box (Sox) transcription factors.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 768012679 547 KKCVNGFIMFCRMNRKQYIRSCPGTASTAATKELAQLWRVMTQQERRPYCTKARRFSRQH 606
Cdd:cd22046   13 RRPMNAFMVWAKDERKRLAVQNPDLHNAELSKMLGKSWKALTPSQKRPYVEEAERLRVQH 72