RING finger-like zinc-binding domain 0 of parkin; Parkin, also called Parkinson juvenile disease protein 2, is a RBR (RING1-BRcat-Rcat)-type E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that is associated with recessive early onset Parkinson's disease (PD), and exerts a protective effect against dopamine-induced alpha-synuclein-dependent cell toxicity. Mutations in the parkin gene cause autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism. Parkin functions within a multiprotein E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, catalyzing the covalent attachment of ubiquitin moieties onto substrate proteins. It is involved in regulating mitochondrial quality control. Its activation is a key regulatory event in the pathway to the clearance of depolarized or damaged mitochondria. Parkin contains an N-terminal ubiquitin-like domain, an acid linker, a RING finger-like domain 0 (RING0), and a C-terminal RBR domain that was previously known as RING-BetweenRING-RING domain or TRIAD [two RING fingers and a DRIL (double RING finger linked)] domain. This model represents RING0 of parkin.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1768047188 146 FFVYCKGPCHKVQPGKLRVQCGTCKQATLTLTQGPSCWDDVLIPNRMSGECQSPDCPGTRAEFFFKCGAHPTSDKDTSVA 225
Cdd:cd21382     1 FYVYCKGPCKKVQPGKLRVRCATCKQGAFTLDRGPSCWDDVLIPNRISGVCQSPDCPGTRAEFYFKCASHPTSDKDTSVA 80

                  ....
gi 1768047188 226 LNLI 229
Cdd:cd21382    81 LNLI 84

RING/Ubox like zinc-binding domain; This is a RING zinc finger domain found in parkin proteins. Parkin consists of a ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain and a 60-amino acid linker followed by RING0 and three additional zinc finger domains characteriztic of the RBR family. This entry relates to RING1 zinc binding domain. The RING1 domain displays the C3HC4 cross-brace motif characteriztic of RING domains. The N-terminal Ubl domain binds to RING1.

                          10
                  ....*....|....*...
gi 1768047188 228 LITSNRRSIPCIACTDVR 245
Cdd:pfam17978   1 LIKSNSRDVPCLACTDVS 18

RING finger-like zinc-binding domain 0 of parkin; Parkin, also called Parkinson juvenile disease protein 2, is a RBR (RING1-BRcat-Rcat)-type E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that is associated with recessive early onset Parkinson's disease (PD), and exerts a protective effect against dopamine-induced alpha-synuclein-dependent cell toxicity. Mutations in the parkin gene cause autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism. Parkin functions within a multiprotein E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, catalyzing the covalent attachment of ubiquitin moieties onto substrate proteins. It is involved in regulating mitochondrial quality control. Its activation is a key regulatory event in the pathway to the clearance of depolarized or damaged mitochondria. Parkin contains an N-terminal ubiquitin-like domain, an acid linker, a RING finger-like domain 0 (RING0), and a C-terminal RBR domain that was previously known as RING-BetweenRING-RING domain or TRIAD [two RING fingers and a DRIL (double RING finger linked)] domain. This model represents RING0 of parkin.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1768047188 146 FFVYCKGPCHKVQPGKLRVQCGTCKQATLTLTQGPSCWDDVLIPNRMSGECQSPDCPGTRAEFFFKCGAHPTSDKDTSVA 225
Cdd:cd21382     1 FYVYCKGPCKKVQPGKLRVRCATCKQGAFTLDRGPSCWDDVLIPNRISGVCQSPDCPGTRAEFYFKCASHPTSDKDTSVA 80

                  ....
gi 1768047188 226 LNLI 229
Cdd:cd21382    81 LNLI 84

ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain found in parkin and similar proteins; Parkin, also termed Parkinson juvenile disease protein 2, is a RBR-type E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that is associated with recessive early onset Parkinson's disease (PD), and exerts a protective effect against dopamine-induced alpha-synuclein-dependent cell toxicity. Mutations in the parkin gene cause autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism. Parkin functions within a multiprotein E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, catalyzing the covalent attachment of ubiquitin moieties onto substrate proteins, such as BCL2, SYT11, CCNE1, GPR37, RHOT1/MIRO1, MFN1, MFN2, STUB1, SNCAIP, SEPT5, TOMM20, USP30, ZNF746 and AIMP2. It mediates monoubiquitination as well as Lys-6-, Lys-11-, Lys-48- and Lys-63-linked polyubiquitination of substrates depending on the context. Parkin may enhance cell viability and protects dopaminergic neurons from oxidative stress-mediated death by regulating mitochondrial function. It also limits the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and regulates cyclin-E during neuronal apoptosis. Moreover, parkin displays a ubiquitin ligase-independent function in transcriptional repression of p53. Parkin contains an N-terminal ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain and a C-terminal RBR domain that was previously known as RING-BetweenRING-RING domain or TRIAD [two RING fingers and a DRIL (double RING finger linked)] domain. Based on current understanding of the structural biology of RBR ligases, the nomenclature of RBR has been corrected as RING-BRcat (benign-catalytic)-Rcat (required-for-catalysis) recently. The RBR (RING1-BRcat-Rcat) domain use an auto-inhibitory mechanism to modulate ubiquitination activity, as well as a hybrid mechanism that combines aspects from both RING and HECT E3 ligase function to facilitate the ubiquitination reaction.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 1768047188   3 VFVRFNSSYGFPVEVDSDTSIFQLKEVVAKRQGVPADQLRVIFAGKELPNHLTVQNCDLEQQSIVHIVQRLQRK 76
Cdd:cd01798     1 VFVRFNSSHGFPVEVDSDWSILQLKEVVAKRQGVPPDQLRIIFAGKELSDDLTLQNCDLGQQSIVHAVQGPKRK 74

Ubiquitin homologues; Ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis is involved in the regulated turnover of proteins required for controlling cell cycle progression

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1768047188    1 MIVFVRFNSSYGFPVEVDSDTSIFQLKEVVAKRQGVPADQLRVIFAGKELPNHLTVQNCDLEQQSIVHIVQR 72
Cdd:smart00213   1 IELTVKTLDGKTITLEVKPSDTVSELKEKIAELTGIPPEQQRLIYKGKVLEDDRTLADYGIQDGSTIHLVLR 72

UV excision repair protein Rad23; All proteins in this family for which functions are known are components of a multiprotein complex used for targeting nucleotide excision repair to specific parts of the genome. In humans, Rad23 complexes with the XPC protein. This family is based on the phylogenomic analysis of JA Eisen (1999, Ph.D. Thesis, Stanford University). [DNA metabolism, DNA replication, recombination, and repair]

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1768047188  13 FPVEVDSDTSIFQLKEVVAKRQGV---PADQLRVIFAGKELPNHLTVQNCDLEQQSIVhiVQRLQRKSHETNASGGDKPQ 89
Cdd:TIGR00601  13 FKIDMEPDETVKELKEKIEAEQGKdayPVAQQKLIYSGKILSDDKTVKEYKIKEKDFV--VVMVSKPKTGTGKVAPPAAT 90

                  ...
gi 1768047188  90 STS 92
Cdd:TIGR00601  91 PTS 93

RING finger-like zinc-binding domain 0 of parkin; Parkin, also called Parkinson juvenile disease protein 2, is a RBR (RING1-BRcat-Rcat)-type E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that is associated with recessive early onset Parkinson's disease (PD), and exerts a protective effect against dopamine-induced alpha-synuclein-dependent cell toxicity. Mutations in the parkin gene cause autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism. Parkin functions within a multiprotein E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, catalyzing the covalent attachment of ubiquitin moieties onto substrate proteins. It is involved in regulating mitochondrial quality control. Its activation is a key regulatory event in the pathway to the clearance of depolarized or damaged mitochondria. Parkin contains an N-terminal ubiquitin-like domain, an acid linker, a RING finger-like domain 0 (RING0), and a C-terminal RBR domain that was previously known as RING-BetweenRING-RING domain or TRIAD [two RING fingers and a DRIL (double RING finger linked)] domain. This model represents RING0 of parkin.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1768047188 146 FFVYCKGPCHKVQPGKLRVQCGTCKQATLTLTQGPSCWDDVLIPNRMSGECQSPDCPGTRAEFFFKCGAHPTSDKDTSVA 225
Cdd:cd21382     1 FYVYCKGPCKKVQPGKLRVRCATCKQGAFTLDRGPSCWDDVLIPNRISGVCQSPDCPGTRAEFYFKCASHPTSDKDTSVA 80

                  ....
gi 1768047188 226 LNLI 229
Cdd:cd21382    81 LNLI 84

ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain found in parkin and similar proteins; Parkin, also termed Parkinson juvenile disease protein 2, is a RBR-type E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that is associated with recessive early onset Parkinson's disease (PD), and exerts a protective effect against dopamine-induced alpha-synuclein-dependent cell toxicity. Mutations in the parkin gene cause autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism. Parkin functions within a multiprotein E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, catalyzing the covalent attachment of ubiquitin moieties onto substrate proteins, such as BCL2, SYT11, CCNE1, GPR37, RHOT1/MIRO1, MFN1, MFN2, STUB1, SNCAIP, SEPT5, TOMM20, USP30, ZNF746 and AIMP2. It mediates monoubiquitination as well as Lys-6-, Lys-11-, Lys-48- and Lys-63-linked polyubiquitination of substrates depending on the context. Parkin may enhance cell viability and protects dopaminergic neurons from oxidative stress-mediated death by regulating mitochondrial function. It also limits the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and regulates cyclin-E during neuronal apoptosis. Moreover, parkin displays a ubiquitin ligase-independent function in transcriptional repression of p53. Parkin contains an N-terminal ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain and a C-terminal RBR domain that was previously known as RING-BetweenRING-RING domain or TRIAD [two RING fingers and a DRIL (double RING finger linked)] domain. Based on current understanding of the structural biology of RBR ligases, the nomenclature of RBR has been corrected as RING-BRcat (benign-catalytic)-Rcat (required-for-catalysis) recently. The RBR (RING1-BRcat-Rcat) domain use an auto-inhibitory mechanism to modulate ubiquitination activity, as well as a hybrid mechanism that combines aspects from both RING and HECT E3 ligase function to facilitate the ubiquitination reaction.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 1768047188   3 VFVRFNSSYGFPVEVDSDTSIFQLKEVVAKRQGVPADQLRVIFAGKELPNHLTVQNCDLEQQSIVHIVQRLQRK 76
Cdd:cd01798     1 VFVRFNSSHGFPVEVDSDWSILQLKEVVAKRQGVPPDQLRIIFAGKELSDDLTLQNCDLGQQSIVHAVQGPKRK 74

Ubiquitin homologues; Ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis is involved in the regulated turnover of proteins required for controlling cell cycle progression

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1768047188    1 MIVFVRFNSSYGFPVEVDSDTSIFQLKEVVAKRQGVPADQLRVIFAGKELPNHLTVQNCDLEQQSIVHIVQR 72
Cdd:smart00213   1 IELTVKTLDGKTITLEVKPSDTVSELKEKIAELTGIPPEQQRLIYKGKVLEDDRTLADYGIQDGSTIHLVLR 72

ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain found in ubiquitin-like protein FUBI and similar proteins; FUBI is a pro-apoptotic regulatory gene FAU encoding ubiquitin-like protein with ribosomal protein S30 as a C-terminal extension. FUBI functions as a tumor suppressor protein that may be involved in the ATP-dependent proteolytic activity of ubiquitin. The N-terminal ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain of FUBI has the beta-grasp Ubl fold, and it may act as a substitute or an inhibitor of ubiquitin or one of ubiquitin's close relatives UCRP, FAT10, and Nedd8.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 1768047188   1 MIVFVRFNSSYGFpvEVDSDTSIFQLKEVVAKRQGVPADQLRVIFAGKELPNHLTVQNCDLEQQSIVHIVQRL 73
Cdd:cd01793     1 MQLFVRAQSLHTL--EVSGNETVADIKAHIAALEGIAVEDQVLLYAGAPLEDDVVLGQCGIPDLATLEVAVRL 71

ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteasome interacting protein Dsk2p and similar proteins; The family contains several fungal multiubiquitin receptors, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae Dsk2p and Schizosaccharomyces pombe Dph1p, both of which have been characterized as shuttle proteins transporting ubiquitinated substrates destined for degradation from the E3 ligase to the 26S proteasome. They interact with the proteasome through their N-terminal ubiquitin-like domain (Ubl) and with ubiquitin (Ub) through their C-terminal Ub-associated domain (UBA). S. cerevisiae Dsk2p is a nuclear-enriched protein that may involve in the ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway through interacting with K48-linked polyubiquitin and the proteasome. Moreover, it has been implicated in spindle pole duplication through assisting in Cdc31 assembly into the new spindle pole body (SPB). S. pombe Dph1p is an ubiquitin (Ub0 receptor working in concert with the class V myosin, Myo52, to target the degradation of the S. pombe CLIP-170 homolog, Tip1. It also can protect Ub chains against disassembly by deubiquitinating enzymes.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1768047188   5 VRFNSSYG--FPVEVDSDTSIFQLKEVVAKRQGVPADQLRVIFAGKELPNHLTVQNCDLEQQSIVHIVQR 72
Cdd:cd16106     3 VTVKCSNGkkFTVEVEPDATVLELKELIAEKSDIPAEQQRLIYKGKILKDEETLSSYKIQDGHTVHLVKG 72

ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain 2 found in interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) and similar proteins; ISG15, also termed interferon-induced 15 kDa protein, or interferon-induced 17 kDa protein (IP17), or ubiquitin cross-reactive protein (UCRP), is an antiviral interferon-induced ubiquitin-like protein that upon viral infection it modifies cellular and viral proteins by mechanisms similar to ubiquitination. Although ISG15 has properties similar to those of other ubiquitin-like (Ubl) molecules, it is a unique member of the Ubl superfamily, whose expression and conjugation to target proteins are tightly regulated by specific signaling pathways, indicating it may have specialized functions in the immune system. ISG15 contains two tandem Ubl domains with a beta-grasp Ubl fold. This family corresponds to the second Ubl domain.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 1768047188   1 MIVFVRFNSSYGFPVEVDSDTSIFQLKEVVAKRQGVPADQLRVIFAGKELPNHLTVQNCDLEQQSIVHIVQRL 73
Cdd:cd01810     1 LSIFVRNEKGQSHTYEVRLTQTVDQLKQKVSGREGVHDDQFWLTFEGRPLEDQLPLGEYGLKPQSTIHMNLRL 73

Beta-grasp ubiquitin-like fold; Ubiquitin is a protein modifier that is involved in various cellular processes including transcriptional regulation, cell cycle control, and DNA repair in eukaryotes. The ubiquitination process comprises a cascade of E1, E2 and E3 enzymes that results in a covalent bond between the C-terminus of ubiquitin and the epsilon-amino group of a substrate lysine. Ubiquitin-like proteins have similar ubiquitin beta-grasp fold and attach to other proteins in a ubiquitin-like manner but with biochemically distinct roles. Ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins conjugate and deconjugate via ligases and peptidases to covalently modify target polypeptides. Some other ubiquitin-like domains have adaptor roles in ubiquitin-signaling by mediating protein-protein interaction. In addition to Ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain, Ras-associating (RA) domain, F0/F1 sub-domain of FERM (Four.1 protein, Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin) domain, TGS (ThrRS, GTPase and SpoT) domain, Ras-binding domain (RBD), Ubiquitin regulatory domain X (UBX), Dublecortin-like domain, and RING finger- and WD40-associated ubiquitin-like (RAWUL) domain have beta-grasp ubiquitin-like folds, and are included in this superfamily.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 1768047188   3 VFVRFNSSYGFPVEVDSDTSIFQLKEVVAKRQGVPADQLRVIFAGKELPNHLTVQNCDLEQQSIVHIV 70
Cdd:cd00196     1 VKVETPSLKKIVVAVPPSTTLRQVLEKVAKRIGLPPDVIRLLFNGQVLDDLMTAKQVGLEPGEELHFV 68

ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain found in the Rad23 protein family; The Rad23 family includes the yeast nucleotide excision repair (NER) proteins, Rad23p (in Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and Rhp23p (in Schizosaccharomyces pombe), their mammalian orthologs HR23A and HR23B, and putative DNA repair proteins from plants. Rad23 proteins play dual roles in DNA repair as well as in proteosomal degradation. They have affinity for both the proteasome and ubiquitinylated proteins and participate in translocating polyubiquitinated proteins to the proteasome. Rad23 proteins carry an ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain with a beta-grasp Ubl fold, and two ubiquitin-associated (UBA) domains, as well as a xeroderma pigmentosum group C (XPC) protein-binding domain. The Ubl domain is responsible for the binding to proteasome. The UBA domains are important for binding of ubiquitin (Ub) or multi-ubiquitinated substrates, which suggests Rad23 proteins might be involved in certain pathways of Ub metabolism. Both the Ubl domain and the XPC-binding domain are necessary for efficient NER function of Rad23 proteins.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1768047188  13 FPVEVDSDTSIFQLKEVVAKRQGV-PADQLRVIFAGKELPNHLTVQNCDLEQQS--IVHI 69
Cdd:cd01805    13 FEIEVEPSDTVLELKEKIEQEQGDfPASGQKLIYSGKVLKDDKTLSEYNIKEKDfvVVMV 72

ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain found in BCL2-associated athanogene 6 (BAG6) and similar proteins; BAG6, also termed large proline-rich protein BAG6, or BAG family molecular chaperone regulator 6, or HLA-B-associated transcript 3 (Bat3), or protein Scythe, or protein G3, is a nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling chaperone protein that is highly conserved in eukaryotes. It functions in two distinct biological pathways, ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation of defective polypeptides and tail-anchored transmembrane protein biogenesis in mammals. BAG6 is a component of the heterotrimeric BAG6 sortase complex composed of BAG6, transmembrane recognition complex 35 (TRC35) and ubiquitin-like protein 4A (UBL4A). The BAG6 complex together with the cochaperone small, glutamine-rich, tetratricopeptide repeat-containing, protein alpha (SGTA) plays a role in the biogenesis of tail-anchored membrane proteins and subsequently shown to regulate the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of mislocalized proteins. Moreover, BAG6 acts as an apoptotic regulator that binds reaper, a potent apoptotic inducer. BAG6/reaper is thought to signal apoptosis, in part through regulating the folding and activity of apoptotic signaling molecules. It is also likely a key regulator of the molecular chaperone Heat Shock Protein A2 (HSPA2) stability/function in human germ cells. Furthermore, aspartyl protease-mediated cleavage of BAG6 is necessary for autophagy and fungal resistance in plants. BAG6 contains a ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain with a beta-grasp Ubl fold, which provides a platform for discriminating substrates with shorter hydrophobicity stretches as a signal for defective proteins.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1768047188  17 VDSDTSIFQLKEVVAKRQGVPADQLRVIFAGKELPNHLTVQNCDLeQQSIVHIVQR 72
Cdd:cd01809    17 VPEEITVKEFKEHIASSVNIPAEKQRLIFQGRVLQDDKKLKEYDV-DGKVIHLVER 71

UV excision repair protein Rad23; All proteins in this family for which functions are known are components of a multiprotein complex used for targeting nucleotide excision repair to specific parts of the genome. In humans, Rad23 complexes with the XPC protein. This family is based on the phylogenomic analysis of JA Eisen (1999, Ph.D. Thesis, Stanford University). [DNA metabolism, DNA replication, recombination, and repair]

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1768047188  13 FPVEVDSDTSIFQLKEVVAKRQGV---PADQLRVIFAGKELPNHLTVQNCDLEQQSIVhiVQRLQRKSHETNASGGDKPQ 89
Cdd:TIGR00601  13 FKIDMEPDETVKELKEKIEAEQGKdayPVAQQKLIYSGKILSDDKTVKEYKIKEKDFV--VVMVSKPKTGTGKVAPPAAT 90

                  ...
gi 1768047188  90 STS 92
Cdd:TIGR00601  91 PTS 93

ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain 2 found in 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase-like protein (OASL) and similar proteins; OASL, also termed 2'-5'-OAS-related protein (2'-5'-OAS-RP), or 59 kDa 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase-like protein, or thyroid receptor-interacting protein 14, or TR-interacting protein 14 (TRIP-14), or p59 OASL (p59OASL), is an interferon (IFN)-induced antiviral protein that plays an important role in the IFNs-mediated antiviral signaling pathway. It inhibits respiratory syncytial virus replication and is targeted by the viral nonstructural protein 1 (NS1). It also displays antiviral activity against encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) via an alternative antiviral pathway independent of RNase L. Moreover, OASL does not have 2'-5'-OAS activity, but can bind double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to enhance RIG-I signaling. OASL belongs to the 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthase (OAS) family. While each member of this family has a conserved N-terminal OAS catalytic domain, only OASL has two tandem C-terminal ubiquitin-like (Ubl) repeats, which are required for its antiviral activity. This family corresponds to the second Ubl domain.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 1768047188   2 IVFVRFNSSYGFPVEVDSDTSIFQLKEVVAKRQGVPADQLRVIFAGKELPNHLT-----VQNCD 60
Cdd:cd16103     3 QIFVKFPDGTSKPYAINPEDTILDLKEKIEEQGGPPVEDQILLFQGQELRDKKSlkyygIKDGD 66

ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain found in ubiquitin-specific-processing protease 48 (USP48) and similar proteins; USP48, also termed USP31, or deubiquitinating enzyme 48, or ubiquitin thioesterase 48, or ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 48, belongs to the ubiquitin specific protease (USP) family that is one of at least seven deubiquitylating enzyme (DUB) families capable of deconjugating ubiquitin (Ub)and ubiquitin-like (Ubl) adducts. While the USP proteins have a conserved catalytic core domain, USP48 differs in its domain architecture. It contains an N-terminal USP domain, three DUSP (domain present in ubiquitin-specific protease) domains, and a C-terminal Ubl domain with a beta-grasp Ubl fold, a common structure involved in protein-protein interactions. USP48 is a deubiquitinating enzyme that interacts with TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) and has been implicated in activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB). Moreover, as a nuclear deubiquitinase regulated by casein kinase 2 (CK2), USP48 controls the ubiquitin/proteasome-system (UPS)-dependent turnover of activated NF-kappaB/RelA in the nucleus together with the COP9 signalosome, suggesting a role of USP48 in a timely control of immune responses.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1768047188  15 VEVDSDTSIFQLKEVVAKRQGVPADQLRVIFAGKELP-NHLTVQNCDLEQQSIVHiVQRLQRKSHETNASGGDKPQSTSE 93
Cdd:cd01795    10 LTVSSTTTLKELKLQIMEKFSVAPFDQHLYFNGRELTdDSATLADLGILPGDVLY-LKVDEPPDDPDDADEADVSRARVP 88

                  ..
gi 1768047188  94 GT 95
Cdd:cd01795    89 EE 90