RNA recognition motif (RRM) found in pre-mRNA cleavage factor Im 59 kDa subunit (CFIm59 or CPSF7) and similar proteins; This subgroup corresponds to the RRM of CFIm59. Cleavage factor Im (CFIm) is a highly conserved component of the eukaryotic mRNA 3' processing machinery that functions in UGUA-mediated poly(A) site recognition, the regulation of alternative poly(A) site selection, mRNA export, and mRNA splicing. It is a complex composed of a small 25 kDa (CFIm25) subunit and a larger 59/68/72 kDa subunit. The two separate genes, CPSF6 and CPSF7, code for two isoforms of the large subunit, CFIm68 and CFIm59. The family includes CFIm59, also termed cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 6 (CPSF7), or cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor 59 kDa subunit (CPSF59). CFIm59 contains an N-terminal RNA recognition motif (RRM), also termed RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain), a central proline-rich region, and a C-terminal RS-like domain. The N-terminal RRM of CFIm59 mediates the interaction with CFIm25. It also serves to enhance RNA binding and facilitate RNA looping.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1958648326  81 RAAVYVGSFSWWTTDQQLIQVIRSIGVYDVVELKFAENRANGQSKGYAEVVVASENSVHKLLELLPGKVLNGEKVDVRPA 160
Cdd:cd12644     1 RAAVYVGNFSWWTTDQDLINLIRSLGVKDVVELKFAENRANGQSKGYAEVVVASENSVHLLLELLPGKKLNGEKVDVRLA 80

                          90
                  ....*....|
gi 1958648326 161 TRQNLSQFEA 170
Cdd:cd12644    81 TRQNLSQFEA 90

RNA recognition motif (RRM) found in pre-mRNA cleavage factor Im 59 kDa subunit (CFIm59 or CPSF7) and similar proteins; This subgroup corresponds to the RRM of CFIm59. Cleavage factor Im (CFIm) is a highly conserved component of the eukaryotic mRNA 3' processing machinery that functions in UGUA-mediated poly(A) site recognition, the regulation of alternative poly(A) site selection, mRNA export, and mRNA splicing. It is a complex composed of a small 25 kDa (CFIm25) subunit and a larger 59/68/72 kDa subunit. The two separate genes, CPSF6 and CPSF7, code for two isoforms of the large subunit, CFIm68 and CFIm59. The family includes CFIm59, also termed cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 6 (CPSF7), or cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor 59 kDa subunit (CPSF59). CFIm59 contains an N-terminal RNA recognition motif (RRM), also termed RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain), a central proline-rich region, and a C-terminal RS-like domain. The N-terminal RRM of CFIm59 mediates the interaction with CFIm25. It also serves to enhance RNA binding and facilitate RNA looping.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1958648326  81 RAAVYVGSFSWWTTDQQLIQVIRSIGVYDVVELKFAENRANGQSKGYAEVVVASENSVHKLLELLPGKVLNGEKVDVRPA 160
Cdd:cd12644     1 RAAVYVGNFSWWTTDQDLINLIRSLGVKDVVELKFAENRANGQSKGYAEVVVASENSVHLLLELLPGKKLNGEKVDVRLA 80

                          90
                  ....*....|
gi 1958648326 161 TRQNLSQFEA 170
Cdd:cd12644    81 TRQNLSQFEA 90

RNA recognition motif. (a.k.a. RRM, RBD, or RNP domain); The RRM motif is probably diagnostic of an RNA binding protein. RRMs are found in a variety of RNA binding proteins, including various hnRNP proteins, proteins implicated in regulation of alternative splicing, and protein components of snRNPs. The motif also appears in a few single stranded DNA binding proteins. The RRM structure consists of four strands and two helices arranged in an alpha/beta sandwich, with a third helix present during RNA binding in some cases The C-terminal beta strand (4th strand) and final helix are hard to align and have been omitted in the SEED alignment The LA proteins have an N terminal rrm which is included in the seed. There is a second region towards the C terminus that has some features characteriztic of a rrm but does not appear to have the important structural core of a rrm. The LA proteins are one of the main autoantigens in Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disease.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1958648326  84 VYVGSFSWWTTDQQLIQVIRSIGvyDVVELKFAeNRANGQSKGYAEVVVASENSVHKLLELLPGKVLNGEKV 155
Cdd:pfam00076   1 LFVGNLPPDTTEEDLKDLFSKFG--PIKSIRLV-RDETGRSKGFAFVEFEDEEDAEKAIEALNGKELGGREL 69

RNA recognition motif (RRM) found in pre-mRNA cleavage factor Im 59 kDa subunit (CFIm59 or CPSF7) and similar proteins; This subgroup corresponds to the RRM of CFIm59. Cleavage factor Im (CFIm) is a highly conserved component of the eukaryotic mRNA 3' processing machinery that functions in UGUA-mediated poly(A) site recognition, the regulation of alternative poly(A) site selection, mRNA export, and mRNA splicing. It is a complex composed of a small 25 kDa (CFIm25) subunit and a larger 59/68/72 kDa subunit. The two separate genes, CPSF6 and CPSF7, code for two isoforms of the large subunit, CFIm68 and CFIm59. The family includes CFIm59, also termed cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 6 (CPSF7), or cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor 59 kDa subunit (CPSF59). CFIm59 contains an N-terminal RNA recognition motif (RRM), also termed RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain), a central proline-rich region, and a C-terminal RS-like domain. The N-terminal RRM of CFIm59 mediates the interaction with CFIm25. It also serves to enhance RNA binding and facilitate RNA looping.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1958648326  81 RAAVYVGSFSWWTTDQQLIQVIRSIGVYDVVELKFAENRANGQSKGYAEVVVASENSVHKLLELLPGKVLNGEKVDVRPA 160
Cdd:cd12644     1 RAAVYVGNFSWWTTDQDLINLIRSLGVKDVVELKFAENRANGQSKGYAEVVVASENSVHLLLELLPGKKLNGEKVDVRLA 80

                          90
                  ....*....|
gi 1958648326 161 TRQNLSQFEA 170
Cdd:cd12644    81 TRQNLSQFEA 90

RNA recognition motif (RRM) found in pre-mRNA cleavage factor Im 68 kDa subunit (CFIm68 or CPSF6) and similar proteins; This subgroup corresponds to the RRM of CFIm68. Cleavage factor Im (CFIm) is a highly conserved component of the eukaryotic mRNA 3' processing machinery that functions in UGUA-mediated poly(A) site recognition, the regulation of alternative poly(A) site selection, mRNA export, and mRNA splicing. It is a complex composed of a small 25 kDa (CFIm25) subunit and a larger 59/68/72 kDa subunit. Two separate genes, CPSF6 and CPSF7, code for two isoforms of the large subunit, CFIm68 and CFIm59. The family includes CFIm68, also termed cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 6 (CPSF6), or cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor 68 kDa subunit (CPSF68), or protein HPBRII-4/7. CFIm68 contains an N-terminal RNA recognition motif (RRM), also termed RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain), a central proline-rich region, and a C-terminal RS-like domain. The N-terminal RRM of CFIm68 mediates the interaction with CFIm25. It also serves to enhance RNA binding and facilitate RNA looping.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 1958648326  83 AVYVGSFSWWTTDQQLIQVIRSIGVYDVVELKFAENRANGQSKGYAEVVVASENSVHKLLELLPGKVLNGEKVDVRP 159
Cdd:cd12643     1 ALYVGNLTWWTTDEDLTEALHSIGVNDLLEIKFFENRANGQSKGFALIVVGSEASSRKLMDKLPKKELHGQNPVVTP 77

RNA recognition motif 2 (RRM2) found in Nicotiana sylvestris chloroplastic 33 kDa ribonucleoprotein (NsCP33) and similar proteins; The family includes NsCP33, Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplastic 31 kDa ribonucleoprotein (CP31A) and mitochondrial glycine-rich RNA-binding protein 2 (AtGR-RBP2). NsCP33 may be involved in splicing and/or processing of chloroplast RNA's. AtCP31A, also called RNA-binding protein 1/2/3 (AtRBP33), or RNA-binding protein CP31A, or RNA-binding protein RNP-T, or RNA-binding protein cp31, is required for specific RNA editing events in chloroplasts and stabilizes specific chloroplast mRNAs, as well as for normal chloroplast development under cold stress conditions by stabilizing transcripts of numerous mRNAs under these conditions. CP31A may modulate telomere replication through RNA binding domains. AtGR-RBP2, also called AtRBG2, or glycine-rich protein 2 (AtGRP2), or mitochondrial RNA-binding protein 1a (At-mRBP1a), plays a role in RNA transcription or processing during stress. It binds RNAs and DNAs sequence with a preference to single-stranded nucleic acids. AtGR-RBP2 displays strong affinity to poly(U) sequence. It exerts cold and freezing tolerance, probably by exhibiting an RNA chaperone activity during the cold and freezing adaptation process. Some members in this family contain two RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), also termed RBDs (RNA binding domains) or RNPs (ribonucleoprotein domains). The model corresponds to the second RRM motif.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 1958648326  84 VYVGSFSWWTTDQQLIQVIRSIGvyDVVELKFAENRANGQSKGYAEVVVASENSVHKLLELLPGKVLNGEKVDVRPA 160
Cdd:cd21608     2 LYVGNLSWDTTEDDLRDLFSEFG--EVESAKVITDRETGRSRGFGFVTFSTAEAAEAAIDALNGKELDGRSIVVNEA 76

RNA recognition motif. (a.k.a. RRM, RBD, or RNP domain); The RRM motif is probably diagnostic of an RNA binding protein. RRMs are found in a variety of RNA binding proteins, including various hnRNP proteins, proteins implicated in regulation of alternative splicing, and protein components of snRNPs. The motif also appears in a few single stranded DNA binding proteins. The RRM structure consists of four strands and two helices arranged in an alpha/beta sandwich, with a third helix present during RNA binding in some cases The C-terminal beta strand (4th strand) and final helix are hard to align and have been omitted in the SEED alignment The LA proteins have an N terminal rrm which is included in the seed. There is a second region towards the C terminus that has some features characteriztic of a rrm but does not appear to have the important structural core of a rrm. The LA proteins are one of the main autoantigens in Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disease.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1958648326  84 VYVGSFSWWTTDQQLIQVIRSIGvyDVVELKFAeNRANGQSKGYAEVVVASENSVHKLLELLPGKVLNGEKV 155
Cdd:pfam00076   1 LFVGNLPPDTTEEDLKDLFSKFG--PIKSIRLV-RDETGRSKGFAFVEFEDEEDAEKAIEALNGKELGGREL 69

RNA recognition motif 1 (RRM1) found in nucleolin-like proteins mainly from plants; This subfamily corresponds to the RRM1 of a group of plant nucleolin-like proteins, including nucleolin 1 (also termed protein nucleolin like 1) and nucleolin 2 (also termed protein nucleolin like 2, or protein parallel like 1). They play roles in the regulation of ribosome synthesis and in the growth and development of plants. Like yeast nucleolin, nucleolin-like proteins possess two RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), also termed RBDs (RNA binding domains) or RNPs (ribonucleoprotein domains).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1958648326  84 VYVGSFSWWTTDQQLIQVIRSIGvyDVVELKFAENRANGQSKGYAEVVVASENSVHKLLELLpGKVLNGEKV 155
Cdd:cd12450     2 LFVGNLSWSATQDDLENFFSDCG--EVVDVRIAMDRDDGRSKGFGHVEFASAESAQKALEKS-GQDLGGREI 70

RNA recognition motif 1 (RRM1) found in heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D-like (hnRNP D-like or hnRNP DL) and similar proteins; This subgroup corresponds to the RRM1 of hnRNP DL (or hnRNP D-like), also termed AU-rich element RNA-binding factor, or JKT41-binding protein (protein laAUF1 or JKTBP), which is a dual functional protein that possesses DNA- and RNA-binding properties. It has been implicated in mRNA biogenesis at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. hnRNP DL binds single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) in a non-sequencespecific manner, and interacts with poly(G) and poly(A) tenaciously. It contains two putative two RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), also termed RBDs (RNA binding domains) or RNPs (ribonucleoprotein domains), and a glycine- and tyrosine-rich C-terminus.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 1958648326  84 VYVGSFSWWTTDQQLIQVIRSIGvyDVVELKFAENRANGQSKGYAEVVVASENSVHKLLELLPGKvLNGEKVDVRPA 160
Cdd:cd12758     2 MFIGGLSWDTSKKDLTEYLSRFG--EVVDCTIKTDPVTGRSRGFGFVLFKDAASVDKVLELKEHK-LDGKLIDPKRA 75

RNA recognition motif (RRM) found in cleavage stimulation factor subunit 2 (CSTF2), yeast ortholog mRNA 3'-end-processing protein RNA15 and similar proteins; This subfamily corresponds to the RRM domain of CSTF2, its tau variant and eukaryotic homologs. CSTF2, also termed cleavage stimulation factor 64 kDa subunit (CstF64), is the vertebrate conterpart of yeast mRNA 3'-end-processing protein RNA15. It is expressed in all somatic tissues and is one of three cleavage stimulatory factor (CstF) subunits required for polyadenylation. CstF64 contains an N-terminal RNA recognition motif (RRM), also known as RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain), a CstF77-binding domain, a repeated MEARA helical region and a conserved C-terminal domain reported to bind the transcription factor PC-4. During polyadenylation, CstF interacts with the pre-mRNA through the RRM of CstF64 at U- or GU-rich sequences within 10 to 30 nucleotides downstream of the cleavage site. CSTF2T, also termed tauCstF64, is a paralog of the X-linked cleavage stimulation factor CstF64 protein that supports polyadenylation in most somatic cells. It is expressed during meiosis and subsequent haploid differentiation in a more limited set of tissues and cell types, largely in meiotic and postmeiotic male germ cells, and to a lesser extent in brain. The loss of CSTF2T will cause male infertility, as it is necessary for spermatogenesis and fertilization. Moreover, CSTF2T is required for expression of genes involved in morphological differentiation of spermatids, as well as for genes having products that function during interaction of motile spermatozoa with eggs. It promotes germ cell-specific patterns of polyadenylation by using its RRM to bind to different sequence elements downstream of polyadenylation sites than does CstF64. The family also includes yeast ortholog mRNA 3'-end-processing protein RNA15 and similar proteins. RNA15 is a core subunit of cleavage factor IA (CFIA), an essential transcriptional 3'-end processing factor from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. RNA recognition by CFIA is mediated by an N-terminal RRM, which is contained in the RNA15 subunit of the complex. The RRM of RNA15 has a strong preference for GU-rich RNAs, mediated by a binding pocket that is entirely conserved in both yeast and vertebrate RNA15 orthologs.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 1958648326  84 VYVGSFSWWTTDQQLIQVIRSIGvyDVVELKFAENRANGQSKGYA 128
Cdd:cd12398     3 VFVGNIPYDATEEQLKEIFSEVG--PVVSFRLVTDRETGKPKGYG 45

RNA recognition motif 2 (RRM2) found in heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein hnRNP D0, hnRNP A/B, hnRNP DL and similar proteins; This subfamily corresponds to the RRM2 of hnRNP D0, hnRNP A/B, hnRNP DL and similar proteins. hnRNP D0, a UUAG-specific nuclear RNA binding protein that may be involved in pre-mRNA splicing and telomere elongation. hnRNP A/B is an RNA unwinding protein with a high affinity for G- followed by U-rich regions. It has also been identified as an APOBEC1-binding protein that interacts with apolipoprotein B (apoB) mRNA transcripts around the editing site and thus plays an important role in apoB mRNA editing. hnRNP DL (or hnRNP D-like) is a dual functional protein that possesses DNA- and RNA-binding properties. It has been implicated in mRNA biogenesis at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. All memembers in this family contain two putative RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), also termed RBDs (RNA binding domains) or RNPs (ribonucleoprotein domains), and a glycine- and tyrosine-rich C-terminus.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 1958648326  84 VYVGSFSWWTTDQQLIQVIRSIGvyDVVELKFAENRANGQSKGYAEVVVASENSVHKLLElLPGKVLNGEKVDVRPA 160
Cdd:cd12329     2 IFVGGLSPETTEEKIREYFGKFG--NIVEIELPMDKKTNKRRGFCFITFDSEEPVKKILE-TQFHVIGGKKVEVKKA 75

RNA recognition motif 1 (RRM1) found in heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein hnRNP A and hnRNP D subfamilies and similar proteins; This subfamily corresponds to the RRM1 in the hnRNP A subfamily which includes hnRNP A0, hnRNP A1, hnRNP A2/B1, hnRNP A3 and similar proteins. hnRNP A0 is a low abundance hnRNP protein that has been implicated in mRNA stability in mammalian cells. hnRNP A1 is an abundant eukaryotic nuclear RNA-binding protein that may modulate splice site selection in pre-mRNA splicing. hnRNP A2/B1 is an RNA trafficking response element-binding protein that interacts with the hnRNP A2 response element (A2RE). hnRNP A3 is also a RNA trafficking response element-binding protein that participates in the trafficking of A2RE-containing RNA. The hnRNP A subfamily is characterized by two RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), also termed RBDs (RNA binding domains) or RNPs (ribonucleoprotein domains), followed by a long glycine-rich region at the C-terminus. The hnRNP D subfamily includes hnRNP D0, hnRNP A/B, hnRNP DL and similar proteins. hnRNP D0 is a UUAG-specific nuclear RNA binding protein that may be involved in pre-mRNA splicing and telomere elongation. hnRNP A/B is an RNA unwinding protein with a high affinity for G- followed by U-rich regions. hnRNP A/B has also been identified as an APOBEC1-binding protein that interacts with apolipoprotein B (apoB) mRNA transcripts around the editing site and thus, plays an important role in apoB mRNA editing. hnRNP DL (or hnRNP D-like) is a dual functional protein that possesses DNA- and RNA-binding properties. It has been implicated in mRNA biogenesis at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. All members in this subfamily contain two putative RRMs and a glycine- and tyrosine-rich C-terminus. The family also contains DAZAP1 (Deleted in azoospermia-associated protein 1), RNA-binding protein Musashi homolog Musashi-1, Musashi-2 and similar proteins. They all harbor two RRMs.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 1958648326  84 VYVGSFSWWTTDQQLIQVIRSIG-VYDVVELKfaeNRANGQSKGYAEVVVASENSVHKLLELLPgKVLNGEKVD 156
Cdd:cd12325     1 LFVGGLSWETTEESLREYFSKYGeVVDCVVMK---DPATGRSRGFGFVTFKDPSSVDAVLAARP-HTLDGRTID 70

RNA recognition motif (RRM) found in U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein 70 kDa (U1-70K) and similar proteins; This subfamily corresponds to the RRM of U1-70K, also termed snRNP70, a key component of the U1 snRNP complex, which is one of the key factors facilitating the splicing of pre-mRNA via interaction at the 5' splice site, and is involved in regulation of polyadenylation of some viral and cellular genes, enhancing or inhibiting efficient poly(A) site usage. U1-70K plays an essential role in targeting the U1 snRNP to the 5' splice site through protein-protein interactions with regulatory RNA-binding splicing factors, such as the RS protein ASF/SF2. Moreover, U1-70K protein can specifically bind to stem-loop I of the U1 small nuclear RNA (U1 snRNA) contained in the U1 snRNP complex. It also mediates the binding of U1C, another U1-specific protein, to the U1 snRNP complex. U1-70K contains a conserved RNA recognition motif (RRM), also termed RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain), followed by an adjacent glycine-rich region at the N-terminal half, and two serine/arginine-rich (SR) domains at the C-terminal half. The RRM is responsible for the binding of stem-loop I of U1 snRNA molecule. Additionally, the most prominent immunodominant region that can be recognized by auto-antibodies from autoimmune patients may be located within the RRM. The SR domains are involved in protein-protein interaction with SR proteins that mediate 5' splice site recognition. For instance, the first SR domain is necessary and sufficient for ASF/SF2 Binding. The family also includes Drosophila U1-70K that is an essential splicing factor required for viability in flies, but its SR domain is dispensable. The yeast U1-70k doesn't contain easily recognizable SR domains and shows low sequence similarity in the RRM region with other U1-70k proteins and therefore not included in this family. The RRM domain is dispensable for yeast U1-70K function.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1958648326  85 YVGSFSWWTTDQQLIqviRSIGVYDVVE-LKFAENRANGQSKGYAEVVVASENSVHKLLELLPGKVLNGEK--VDV 157
Cdd:cd12236     5 FVARLSYDTTESKLR---REFEKYGPIKrVRLVRDKKTGKSRGYAFIEFEHERDMKAAYKHADGKKIDGRRvlVDV 77