Clinical Trials of Comprehensive Risk Factor Control and Lifestyle Management on Cardiovascular Risk
| TRIAL, YEARS (REF.) | INTERVENTION | CONTROL | SAMPLE SIZE | AVERAGE FOLLOW-UP (YEARS) | CARDIOVASCULAR ENDPOINT | RELATIVE RISK REDUCTION | P-VALUE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steno-2 Trial, 1993–2006 (216,217) | Intensive therapy to lower LDL cholesterol, blood pressure, and glucose | Usual care | 160 | 7.8 | Total CVD events | 53% | <0.001 |
| Diabetes Prevention Program, 1996–2001 (219) | Intensive lifestyle with 7% weight loss and 150 minutes per week physical activity, or metformin | Usual care | 3,234 | 2.8 | Incident diabetes (not a CVD outcomes trial) | 58% from lifestyle 31% from metformin | <0.001 |
| Look AHEAD, 2001–2012 (223) | Intensive lifestyle | Usual care | 5,145 | 9.6 | Total CVD events | 5% | 0.51 |
CVD, cardiovascular disease; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; Look AHEAD, Action for Health in Diabetes.
SOURCE: References are listed within the table.
From: Heart Disease and Diabetes
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