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WHO guideline for non-surgical management of chronic primary low back pain in adults in primary and community care settings [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2023.

Cover of WHO guideline for non-surgical management of chronic primary low back pain in adults in primary and community care settings

WHO guideline for non-surgical management of chronic primary low back pain in adults in primary and community care settings [Internet].

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Web Annex BProtocols for evidence syntheses

InterventionProtocol titleLink to protocol
A: Structured and standardized education and/or advice
A.1 Structured and standardized education/adviceEducation or advice for chronic primary low back pain in adults: a protocol for a systematic review https://www​.crd.york​.ac.uk/prospero/display_record​.php?RecordID=314804
B: Physical interventions
B.1 Structured exercise programmesExercise therapy for chronic primary low back pain in adults: a protocol for a systematic review https://www​.crd.york​.ac.uk/prospero/display_record​.php?RecordID=314576
B.2 Needling therapies (traditional Chinese medicine acupuncture and other dry needling modalities)Acupuncture for chronic primary low back pain in adults: a protocol for a systematic review https://www​.crd.york​.ac.uk/prospero/display_record​.php?RecordID=314824
B.3 Spinal manipulative therapySystematic review on the effect of spinal manipulative therapy in people with chronic primary low back pain https://www​.crd.york​.ac.uk/prospero/display_record​.php?RecordID=316224
B.4 MassageSystematic review on the effect of massage therapy in people with chronic primary low back pain https://www​.crd.york​.ac.uk/prospero/display_record​.php?RecordID=316075
B.5 TractionSystematic review on the effect of traction in people with chronic primary low back pain https://www​.crd.york​.ac.uk/prospero/display_record​.php?RecordID=315773
B.6 Therapeutic ultrasoundProtocol for a systematic review on therapeutic ultrasound for chronic primary low back pain in adults https://doi​.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/PE8BQ
B.7 Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for chronic primary low back pain in adults: a protocol for a systematic review https://www​.crd.york​.ac.uk/prospero/display_record​.php?RecordID=314817
B.8 Assistive products: lumbar braces, belts and/or supports and mobility assistive productsProtocol for a systematic review on assistive technologies for the treatment of chronic primary low back pain in adultsProtocol submitted to Cochrane for publication (reference: COCHRANEMOSS-2021-00281R1)
C: Psychological interventions
C.1C.5 Psychological therapies: operant therapy, respondent therapy, cognitive therapy, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), and mindfulness-based stress reduction therapyProtocol for a systematic review on psychosocial therapies for chronic primary low back pain in adults https://doi​.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/PE8BQ
D: Medicines
D.1.1D.1.9 Systemic pharmacotherapies (opioid analgesics; nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) antidepressants; tricyclic (TC) antidepressants; anticonvulsants; skeletal muscle relaxants; glucocorticoids; paracetamol (acetaminophen); benzodiazepinesPharmacotherapies for chronic primary low back pain: protocol for a systematic review to inform the WHO global guideline on chronic primary low back pain in adults

https://www​.crd.york​.ac.uk/prospero/display_record​.php?RecordID=321900

https://www​.crd.york​.ac.uk/prospero/display_record​.php?RecordID=145257

https:​//effectivehealthcare​.ahrq.gov/products​/opioids-chronic-pain/protocol

https:​//effectivehealthcare​.ahrq.gov/products​/nonopioid-chronic-pain/protocol

https://www​.cochranelibrary​.com/cdsr/doi/10​.1002/14651858.CD012450/full/es

D.2 Cannabis-related pharmaceutical preparations for therapeutic usePharmacotherapies for chronic primary low back pain: protocol for a systematic review to inform the WHO global guideline on chronic primary low back pain in adults

https://www​.crd.york​.ac.uk/prospero/display_record​.php?RecordID=321900

https:​//effectivehealthcare​.ahrq.gov/products​/plant-based-chronic-pain-treatment/protocol

D.3 Injectable local anaesthetic agentsProtocol for a systematic review on local anaesthetic agents for chronic primary low back pain in adults https://doi​.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/PE8BQ
D.3 Injectable local anaesthetic agentsProtocol for a systematic review on local anaesthetic agents for chronic primary low back pain in adults https://doi​.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/PE8BQ
D.4.1D.4.8 Herbal medicinesProtocol for a systematic review on herbal medicines for chronic primary low back pain in adults https://doi​.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/PE8BQ
E: Multicomponent interventions
E.1 Weight management: pharmacological weight loss and non-pharmacological weight lossEffectiveness of weight management intervention for chronic primary low back pain care: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis to inform the WHO global guideline on low back pain in adults https://www​.crd.york​.ac.uk/prospero/display_record​.php?RecordID=298159
E.2 Multicomponent biopsychosocial careProtocol for a systematic review on biopsychosocial rehabilitation for chronic primary low back pain in adults https://doi​.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/PE8BQ
Qualitative evidence synthesis
Qualitative evidence synthesis The acceptability, values and preferences of older people (aged over 60 years) and their caregivers, related to interventions designed to manage their chronic musculoskeletal pain; a qualitative evidence synthesis https://www​.crd.york​.ac.uk/prospero/display_record​.php?RecordID=328469
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