ANTH (AP180 N-Terminal Homology) domain, N-terminal region, of adaptor protein 180 (AP180) subfamily
The Adaptor Protein 180 (AP180) subfamily members are phosphatidylinositol-binding clathrin assembly proteins, including mammalian clathrin coat assembly protein AP180 and Clathrin Assembly Lymphoid Myeloid Leukemia protein (CALM), Drosophila LAP (also called Like-AP180 or AP180), and Caenorhabditis elegans Uncoordinated protein 11 (unc-11, also called AP180-like adaptor protein). They are components of the adaptor complexes which link clathrin to receptors in coated vesicles. AP180 and CALM play important roles in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. AP180, also called 91 kDa synaptosomal-associated protein (SNAP91) or phosphoprotein F1-20, is a brain-specific clathrin-binding protein which stimulates clathrin assembly during the recycling of synaptic vesicles. CALM, also called phosphatidylinositol binding clathrin assembly protein (PICALM), is ubiquitously expressed. Members of this subfamily contain ANTH domains, which bind both inositol phospholipids and proteins, and contribute to the nucleation and formation of clathrin coats on membranes. The ANTH domain is a unique module whose N-terminal half is structurally similar to the Epsin N-Terminal Homology (ENTH) and Vps27/Hrs/STAM (VHS) domains, containing a superhelix of eight alpha helices. In addition, it contains a coiled-coil C-terminal half with strutural similarity to spectrin repeats. It binds phosphoinositide PtdIns(4,5)P2 at a short conserved motif K[X]9[K/R][H/Y] between helices 1 and 2. This model describes the N-terminal region of ANTH domains of the Adaptor Protein 180 (AP180) subfamily.
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