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Substrate binding domain of an ABC transporter YxeMNO; the type 2 periplasmic binding protein fold This group contains cystine-binding domain (YxeM) of a periplasmic receptor-dependent ATP-binding cassette transporter and its closely related proteins. Cystine is an oxidized dimeric form of cysteine that is required for optimal bacterial growth. In Bacillus subtilis, three ABC transporters, TcyJKLMN (YtmJKLMN), TcyABC (YckKJI), and YxeMNO are involved in uptake of cystine. Likewise, three uptake systems were identified in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, while in Escherichia coli, two transport systems seem to be involved in cystine uptake. Moreover, L-cystine limitation was shown to prevent virulence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae; thus, its L-cystine solute receptor (Ngo0372) may be suited as target for an antimicrobial vaccine. The cystine receptor belongs to the type 2 periplasmic binding fold protein superfamily (PBP2). The PBP2 proteins are typically comprised of two globular subdomains connected by a flexible hinge and bind their ligand in the cleft between these domains in a manner resembling a Venus flytrap. After binding their specific ligand with high affinity, they can interact with a cognate membrane transport complex comprised of two integral membrane domains and two receptor cytoplasmically-located ATPase domains. This interaction triggers the ligand translocation across the cytoplasmic membrane energized by ATP hydrolysis. |
Jiyao W et al.(2023). "The conserved domain database in 2023.",