eukaryotic TATA box binding protein (TBP): Present in archaea and eukaryotes, TBPs are transcription factors that recognize promoters and initiate transcription. TBP has been shown to be an essential component of three different transcription initiation complexes: SL1, TFIID and TFIIIB, directing transcription by RNA polymerases I, II and III, respectively. TBP binds directly to the TATA box promoter element, where it nucleates polymerase assembly, thus defining the transcription start site. TBP's binding in the minor groove induces a dramatic DNA bending while its own structure barely changes. The conserved core domain of TBP, which binds to the TATA box, has a bipartite structure, with intramolecular symmetry generating a saddle-shaped structure that sits astride the DNA.
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