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Type III secretion systems tip complex components This family consists of several invasion plasmid antigen IpaD proteins found in Shigella as well as homologs such as SipD from Salmonella and BipD from Burkholderia. Gram-negative bacteria use type III secretion systems (T3SSs) as protein transport devices for injecting virulence effector proteins into eukaryotic cells during infection. T3SSs consist of a needle complex (NC) and a tip complex (TC). In Shigella the TC is composed of two proteins, each essential to host cell sensing: IpaD and IpaB. IpaD is hydrophilic and required for tip recruitment of the hydrophobic proteins IpaB and IpaC, which later form the pore in host cell membranes.
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Jiyao W et al.(2023). "The conserved domain database in 2023.",