The substrate-binding component of the oligopeptide-binding protein, AppA, from Bacillus subtilis contains the type 2 periplasmic-binding fold.
This family represents the substrate-binding domain of the oligopeptide-binding protein, AppA, from Bacillus subtilis and its closest homologs from other bacteria and archaea. Bacillus subtilis has three ABC-type peptide transport systems, a dipeptide-binding protein (DppA) and two oligopeptide-binding proteins (OppA and AppA) with overlapping specificity. The dipeptide (DppA) and oligopeptide (OppA) binding proteins differ in several ways. The DppA binds dipeptides and some tripeptides and also is involved in chemotaxis toward dipeptides, whereas the OppA binds peptides of a wide range of lengths (2-35 amino acid residues) and plays a role in recycling of cell wall peptides, which precludes any involvement in chemotaxis. Most of other periplasmic binding proteins are comprised of only two globular subdomains corresponding to domains I and III of the dipeptide/oligopeptide binding proteins. The structural topology of these domains is most similar to that of the type 2 periplasmic binding proteins (PBP2), which are responsible for the uptake of a variety of substrates such as phosphate, sulfate, polysaccharides, lysine/arginine/ornithine, and histidine. The PBP2 bind their ligand in the cleft between these domains in a manner resembling a Venus flytrap. After binding their specific ligand with high affinity, they can interact with a cognate membrane transport complex comprised of two integral membrane domains and two cytoplasmically located ATPase domains. This interaction triggers the ligand translocation across the cytoplasmic membrane energized by ATP hydrolysis. Besides transport proteins, the PBP2 superfamily includes the ligand-binding domains from ionotropic glutamate receptors, LysR-type transcriptional regulators, and unorthodox sensor proteins involved in signal transduction.
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