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Macrophage colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) Colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) is a homodimeric polypeptide growth factor whose primary function is to regulate the survival, proliferation, differentiation, and function of cells of the mononuclear phagocytic lineage. This lineage includes mononuclear phagocytic precursors, blood monocytes, tissue macrophages, osteoclasts, and microglia of the brain, all of which possess cell surface receptors for CSF-1. The protein has also been linked with male fertility and mutations in the Csf-1 gene have been found to cause osteopetrosis and failure of tooth eruption. Structurally these are short-chain 4-helical cytokines.
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Jiyao W et al.(2023). "The conserved domain database in 2023.",