IFNB1 interferon beta 1 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: IFNB1provided by HGNC
Official Full Name: interferon beta 1provided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:5434
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000171855 MIM:147640; AllianceGenome:HGNC:5434
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: IFB; IFF; IFNB; IFN-beta
Summary: This gene encodes a cytokine that belongs to the interferon family of signaling proteins, which are released as part of the innate immune response to pathogens. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the type I class of interferons, which are important for defense against viral infections. In addition, type I interferons are involved in cell differentiation and anti-tumor defenses. Following secretion in response to a pathogen, type I interferons bind a homologous receptor complex and induce transcription of genes such as those encoding inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Overactivation of type I interferon secretion is linked to autoimmune diseases. Mice deficient for this gene display several phenotypes including defects in B cell maturation and increased susceptibility to viral infection. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2015]
Annotation information: Note: This gene has been reviewed for its involvement in coronavirus biology, and is involved in cytokine storm inflammatory response.
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 9p21.3

Exon count:: 1

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	9	NC_000009.12 (21077104..21077942, complement)
RS_2024_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	9	NC_060933.1 (21090986..21091824, complement)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	9	NC_000009.11 (21077103..21077941, complement)

Chromosome 9 - NC_000009.12 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

FHL2 Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Replication by Enhancing IFN-beta Expression through Regulating IRF-3.
Title: FHL2 Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Replication by Enhancing IFN-β Expression through Regulating IRF-3.
C5aR2 Regulates STING-Mediated Interferon Beta Production in Human Macrophages.
Title: C5aR2 Regulates STING-Mediated Interferon Beta Production in Human Macrophages.
Human lung vascular endothelium may limit infection with HRV16 via IFN-beta-dependent mechanisms.
Title: Human lung vascular endothelium may limit infection with HRV16 via IFN-β-dependent mechanisms.
Coxsackievirus A6 2C protein antagonizes IFN-beta production through MDA5 and RIG-I depletion.
Title: Coxsackievirus A6 2C protein antagonizes IFN-β production through MDA5 and RIG-I depletion.
Hypoxia and acidity regulate immune checkpoint molecule and IFN-beta expression in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines.
Title: Hypoxia and acidity regulate immune checkpoint molecule and IFN-β expression in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines.
Pellino3 ligase negatively regulates influenza B dependent RIG-I signalling through downregulation of TRAF3-mediated induction of the transcription factor IRF3 and IFNbeta production.
Title: Pellino3 ligase negatively regulates influenza B dependent RIG-I signalling through downregulation of TRAF3-mediated induction of the transcription factor IRF3 and IFNβ production.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress response and the regulation of endometrial interferon-beta production.
Title: Endoplasmic reticulum stress response and the regulation of endometrial interferon-beta production.
IFN-beta activates cytotoxic function of human natural killer cells toward IL-27 and poly(I:C) stimulated PC3 and DU145 cells.
Title: IFN-β activates cytotoxic function of human natural killer cells toward IL-27 and poly(I:C) stimulated PC3 and DU145 cells.
Early plasma interferon-beta levels as a predictive marker of COVID-19 severe clinical events in adult patients.
Title: Early plasma interferon-β levels as a predictive marker of COVID-19 severe clinical events in adult patients.
Synergism of TNF-alpha and IFN-beta triggers human airway epithelial cells death by apoptosis and pyroptosis.
Title: Synergism of TNF-α and IFN-β triggers human airway epithelial cells death by apoptosis and pyroptosis.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (366)

Phenotypes

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Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Nine loci for ocular axial length identified through genome-wide association studies, including shared loci with refractive error. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

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Replication interactions

Interaction	Pubs
HIV-1 replication upregulates the expression of MX2 and IFNB1 mRNA 24 hours after infection in monocyte-derived Langerhans cells	PubMed

Protein interactions

Protein	Gene	Interaction	Pubs
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120	env	HIV-1 gp120 inhibits CpG-A-induced secretion of IFN-alpha and IFN-beta proteins in PBMCs	PubMed
	env	HIV-1 gp120 modulates expression of the cytokines IL1beta, IL3, IL6, IL10, IL13, IL15, IFNbeta2A, IFNgamma, IFNomega, TNFalpha, VEGF, VEGF B, and LIF in PBMCs and MDMs	PubMed
	env	Sulfate containing galactolipids such as sulfatides on responder cells may be part of the HIV-1 gp120-membrane complex that initiates the induction of interferon (IFN)	PubMed
	env	HIV-1 (possibly through the HIV-1 gp120 protein) induces low levels of IFN-beta in macrophages, and the IFN-beta plays an effective role in restriction of virus replication	PubMed
Envelope transmembrane glycoprotein gp41	env	IFN-beta inhibits the binding of soluble gp41 to T, B and monocyte cell lines	PubMed
	env	HIV-1 gp41 selectively enhances MHC class I, ICAM-1, IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, and IFN-omega expression in H9 cells	PubMed
Nef	nef	HIV-1 Nef myristoylation is required for the activation of IRF-3, leading to the synthesis of IFNbeta in monocytes-derived-macrophages	PubMed
	nef	The acidic cluster (residues 64-69) of HIV-1 Nef is required for IRF-3 activation and IFNbeta production	PubMed
Pr55(Gag)	gag	IFN-beta-induced expression of TRIM22 restricts HIV-1 replication. TRIM22 inhibits the budding of HIV-1 Gag-only particles	PubMed
Tat	tat	HIV-1 Tat inhibits CpG-A-induced secretion of IFN-alpha and IFN-beta proteins in PBMCs	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat downregulates the LPS-induction of IFN-beta and concomitantly upregulates IL-6 expression in primary blood monocytes/macrophages	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat-induced SOCS3 expression inhibits antiviral IFN-beta signaling to enhance HIV-1 replication in macrophages in a NF-kappaB-dependent manner	PubMed
	tat	IFN treatment significantly reduces HIV-1 mRNA levels from a Tat defective provirus, suggesting Tat can overcome the inhibitory effects of IFN on HIV-1 replication	PubMed
	tat	IFN beta is an effective inhibitor of HIV-1 Tat-stimulated growth, migration and morphogenesis of an endothelial cell line in vitro and of angiogenesis in vivo	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat enhances translation of the interferon-inducible enzymes 2-5A synthetase and dsRNA-dependent protein kinase, suggesting interaction of Tat with interferons during HIV-1 replication	PubMed
Vif	vif	MDDCs treated with HIV-1 DeltaVif mutant induce the expression of IFN-beta gene, suggesting that Vif inhibits IFN-beta induction from cells	PubMed
Vpr	vpr	MDDCs treated with HIV-1 DeltaVpr mutant induce the expression of IFN-beta gene, suggesting that Vpr inhibits IFN-beta induction from cells	PubMed
Vpu	vpu	HIV-1 Vpu inhibits IFN-beta promoter activity in an IRF3-independent manner. NF-kappaB-mediated enhancement of the IFN-beta promoter activity is inhibited by HIV-1 Vpu	PubMed
	vpu	Vpu-mediated suppresion of IFNB (IFN-1) production requires engagement and activation of the LILRA4 (ILT7) plasmacytoid dendritic cell receptor by BST2	PubMed
	vpu	Vpu-mediated modulation of IFNB (IFN-1) production by plasmacytoid dendritric cells requires the presence of BST2 on infected donor cells	PubMed
	vpu	Vpu attenuates IFNB (IFN-1) production upon sensing of HIV-infected cells by plasmacytoid dendritic cells	PubMed
	vpu	Vpu modulates IFNB (IFN-1) production by PBMCs following contact with HIV-infected CD4+ T cells	PubMed
	vpu	IFN-alpha and IFN-beta increase SCYL2 expression and the increase induces PP2A-mediated dephosphorylation of Vpu, suggesting that SCYL2 affects Vpu function through a phosphorylation-dependent mechanism	PubMed
capsid	gag	Cells treatment with IFN-alpha and IFN-beta inhibit HIV-1 replication with decreased levels of p24 in a dose-dependent manner	PubMed
reverse transcriptase	gag-pol	The reverse-transcribed viral DNA by HIV-1 RT is the trigger of IRF3 activation and IFN-beta production in HIV-1 infected human monocytic cell line THP1	PubMed

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

PMC129788P3 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:270604

PMC13914P2 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:270876

PMC204479P2 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:271941

NoName (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:481607

IFNB1_144 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:277353

PMC153761P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:271268

D9S2016 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:45758

PMC136892P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:270807

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables chloramphenicol O-acetyltransferase activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
enables cytokine activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables cytokine activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables cytokine receptor binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables cytokine receptor binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables type I interferon receptor binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables type I interferon receptor binding	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in B cell activation involved in immune response	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in B cell activation involved in immune response	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in B cell proliferation	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in T cell activation involved in immune response	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in adaptive immune response	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in cell surface receptor signaling pathway	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to exogenous dsRNA	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to interferon-beta	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to virus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to virus	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in cytokine-mediated signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in defense response to virus	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in defense response to virus	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in humoral immune response	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in innate immune response	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in natural killer cell activation	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in natural killer cell activation involved in immune response	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in negative regulation of Lewy body formation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of T cell differentiation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of T-helper 2 cell cytokine production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of viral genome replication	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in neuron cellular homeostasis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of autophagy	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of innate immune response	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation of STAT protein	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in response to exogenous dsRNA	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to exogenous dsRNA	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in response to virus	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in extracellular region	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
is_active_in extracellular space	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
is_active_in extracellular space	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: interferon beta

Names: fibroblast interferon; interferon, beta 1, fibroblast; interferon-beta

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.