msl-1 male-specific lethal 1 [Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: msl-1provided by FlyBase
Official Full Name: male-specific lethal 1provided by FlyBase
Primary source: FLYBASE:FBgn0005617
Locus tag: Dmel_CG10385
See related: AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0005617
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Drosophila melanogaster
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
Also known as: CG10385; Dmel\CG10385; i94; km(2)B; kmB; mls-1; msl; MSL; Msl 1-3; Msl-1; MSL-1; msl1; Msl1; MSL1
Summary: Enables chromatin binding activity and transcription cis-regulatory region binding activity. Involved in dosage compensation by hyperactivation of X chromosome. Located in nuclear chromosome. Part of MSL complex and X chromosome located dosage compensation complex, transcription activating. Is active in X chromosome. Is expressed in several structures, including central brain primordium; ganglia; posterior midgut primordium; and trunk mesoderm. Orthologous to human MSL1 (MSL complex subunit 1). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
Orthologs: all
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Genomic context

Location:: 36F11-37A1; 2-54 cM

Exon count:: 2

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
Release 6.54	current	Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4)	2L	NT_033779.5 (18683720..18688800, complement)
Release 5.57	previous assembly	Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2)	2L	NT_033779.4 (18683720..18688800, complement)

Chromosome 2L - NT_033779.5 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Mutations of Phosphorylation Sites in MSL1 Protein Do Not Affect Dosage Compensation in Drosophila melanogaster.
Title: Mutations of Phosphorylation Sites in MSL1 Protein Do Not Affect Dosage Compensation in Drosophila melanogaster.
In Drosophila melanogaster, transcriptional output from the single male X-chromosome is equalized to that of XX females by recruitment of the male-specific lethal (MSL) complex, which increases transcript levels of active genes 2-fold.
Title: The essential Drosophila CLAMP protein differentially regulates non-coding roX RNAs in male and females.
Genetic and biochemical analyses reveal a functional interaction of MSL1 with CDK7, a subunit of the Cdk-activating kinase (CAK) complex of the general transcription factor TFIIH. Importantly, MSL1 depletion leads to decreased phosphorylation of Ser5 of RNA polymerase II.
Title: Functional interplay between MSL1 and CDK7 controls RNA polymerase II Ser5 phosphorylation.
We show that SPT5 interacts directly with MSL1 in vitro and is required downstream of MSL complex recruitment, providing the first mechanistic data corroborating the elongation model of dosage compensation.
Title: Mutations in the transcription elongation factor SPT5 disrupt a reporter for dosage compensation in Drosophila.
The Msl1-mediated dimerization of the entire MSL complex is required for Msl2 binding, X chromosome recognition, and spreading along the X chromosome.
Title: Msl1-mediated dimerization of the dosage compensation complex is essential for male X-chromosome regulation in Drosophila.
Data suggest that the Y chromosome is likely to act through modulation of a process that is defective in roX1 roX2 mutants: X chromosome recognition or chromatin modification by the MSL complex.
Title: Imprinting of the Y chromosome influences dosage compensation in roX1 roX2 Drosophila melanogaster.
Incorporation of the roX RNAs into the MSL complex alters the binding specificity of the chromatin-binding module formed by the amino-terminal domains of MSL1 and MSL2.
Title: Incorporation of the noncoding roX RNAs alters the chromatin-binding specificity of the Drosophila MSL1/MSL2 complex.
Results suggest that the MSL complex (including MSL-1, -2, and -3) uses high-affinity sites to initially recognize the X chromosome and then associates with many of its targets through sequence-independent features of transcribed genes.
Title: MSL complex is attracted to genes marked by H3K36 trimethylation using a sequence-independent mechanism.
results demonstrate the potent capability of roX genes to organize large chromatin domains in cis, on the X chromosome; found that NURF complex and MSL proteins have opposing effects on roX RNA transcription.
Title: Regional control of chromatin organization by noncoding roX RNAs and the NURF remodeling complex in Drosophila melanogaster.
suggest a model in which male-specific lethal (MSL) proteins assemble into active complexes by binding nascent roX transcripts
Title: Extent of chromatin spreading determined by roX RNA recruitment of MSL proteins.

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Homology

NCBI Orthologs

Orthologs from OrthoDB

Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables DNA binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables DNA binding	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
contributes_to chromatin binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables chromatin binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein-macromolecule adaptor activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables transcription cis-regulatory region binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in chromatin organization	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in dosage compensation by hyperactivation of X chromosome	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in dosage compensation by hyperactivation of X chromosome	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in sex-chromosome dosage compensation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
part_of MSL complex	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
part_of MSL complex	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
part_of MSL complex	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
part_of MSL complex	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
is_active_in X chromosome	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
part_of X chromosome located dosage compensation complex, transcription activating	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
part_of X chromosome located dosage compensation complex, transcription activating	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
located_in chromosome	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in chromosome	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
part_of dosage compensation complex	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in nuclear chromosome	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: male-specific lethal 1

Names: CG10385-PA; CG10385-PB; Male-Specific lethal 1; killer-of-males-B; male specifc lethal; male specific lethal 1; males specific lethal 1; msl-1-PA; msl-1-PB