LPO lactoperoxidase [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: LPOprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name: lactoperoxidaseprovided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:6678
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000167419 MIM:150205; AllianceGenome:HGNC:6678
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: SPO
Summary: This gene encodes a member of the peroxidase family of proteins. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate the mature enzyme. Following its secretion from salivary, mammary, and other mucosal glands, this enzyme catalyzes the generation of the antimicrobial substance hypothiocyanous acid. This gene is present in a gene cluster on chromosome 17. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, at least one of which encodes a preproprotein that is proteolytically processed. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]
Expression: Restricted expression toward salivary gland (RPKM 211.8) See more
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 17q22

Exon count:: 14

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	17	NC_000017.11 (58238584..58268518)
RS_2024_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	17	NC_060941.1 (59105602..59136399)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	17	NC_000017.10 (56315945..56345879)

Chromosome 17 - NC_000017.11 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

The crystal structure of the complex of LPO with MZY showed that MZY bound to LPO in the substrate-binding site on the distal heme side. MZY was oriented in the substrate-binding site in such a way that the sulfur atom is at a distance of 2.58 A from the heme iron
Title: Design of anti-thyroid drugs: Binding studies and structure determination of the complex of lactoperoxidase with 2-mercaptoimidazole at 2.30 Å resolution.
LPO mRNA was undetectable in the gastric mucosa.
Title: The Gastric Mucosa from Patients Infected with CagA+ or VacA+ Helicobacter pylori Has a Lower Level of Dual Oxidase-2 Expression than Uninfected or Infected with CagA-/VacA- H. pylori.
Oral peroxidase activity as a marker of chronic alcohol abuse may help in the diagnosis of alcoholism.
Title: The effect of chronic alcohol intoxication and smoking on the activity of oral peroxidase.
establish urate as a likely physiological substrate for LPO that will influence host defense and give rise to reactive electrophilic metabolites
Title: Uric acid and thiocyanate as competing substrates of lactoperoxidase.
High intensity of caries is associated with increased levels of some salivary components - sIgA, histatin-5 and lactoperoxidase.
Title: The assessment of sIgA, histatin-5, and lactoperoxidase levels in saliva of adolescents with dental caries.
Observational study of gene-disease association and gene-gene interaction. (HuGE Navigator)
Title: Polymorphisms in innate immunity genes and risk of childhood leukemia.
Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator)
Title: Risk of meningioma and common variation in genes related to innate immunity.
Observational study of gene-disease association and gene-environment interaction. (HuGE Navigator)
Title: Lead exposure, polymorphisms in genes related to oxidative stress, and risk of adult brain tumors.
Splice variants may contribute to LPO molecular heterogeneity and its regulation by intracellular compartmental localization in respiratory epithelium.
Title: Molecular heterogeneity and alternative splicing of human lactoperoxidase.
Analysis of the role of thiocyanate (SCN-), in modulating the catalytic activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and other members of the lactoperoxidase (LPO) and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO)
Title: Thiocyanate modulates the catalytic activity of mammalian peroxidases.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (12)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Loci associated with N-glycosylation of human immunoglobulin G show pleiotropy with autoimmune diseases and haematological cancers. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

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Protein interactions

Protein	Gene	Interaction	Pubs
reverse transcriptase	gag-pol	Milk protein lactoperoxidase inhibits HIV-1 RT activity in vitro	PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

D11S2921 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:152074

G42386 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:94290

D17S1290 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:48243

RH122485 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:135358

STS-M58151 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:43718

D17S1161 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:149246

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables heme binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables lactoperoxidase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables metal ion binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables thiocyanate peroxidase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables thiocyanate peroxidase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in cellular oxidant detoxification	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in defense response to bacterium	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in defense response to bacterium	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in hydrogen peroxide catabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to oxidative stress	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in thiocyanate metabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in basolateral plasma membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cytoplasm	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in extracellular exosome	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular region	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
is_active_in extracellular space	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in extracellular space	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: lactoperoxidase

Names: salivary peroxidase

NP_001153574.1

EC 1.11.1.7

NP_006142.1

EC 1.11.1.7

XP_011523110.1

EC 1.11.1.7

XP_011523112.1

EC 1.11.1.7

XP_054172083.1

EC 1.11.1.7

XP_054172084.1

EC 1.11.1.7

XP_054172085.1

EC 1.11.1.7

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001160102.2 → NP_001153574.1 lactoperoxidase isoform 3 preproprotein

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (3) lacks two alternate exons in the 5' coding region, compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (3) lacks an internal segment near the N-terminus, compared to isoform 1. This isoform is thought to be secreted but the sites of proteolytic processing have not been determined.

Source sequence(s)

DB230339, EF579964, M58151, U39573

Consensus CDS

CCDS54149.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

F5H386

Related

ENSP00000400245.2, ENST00000421678.6

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cd09824
Location:200 → 611

myeloperoxidase_like; Myeloperoxidases, eosinophil peroxidases, and lactoperoxidases

pfam03098
Location:55 → 591

An_peroxidase; Animal haem peroxidase
NM_006151.3 → NP_006142.1 lactoperoxidase isoform 1 preproprotein

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_006142.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest and predominant transcript and encodes the longest isoform (1).

Source sequence(s)

BC107166, M58151, U39573

Consensus CDS

CCDS32689.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

A5JUY4, E7EMJ3, P22079, Q13408, Q3KNQ2

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

F5H386

Related

ENSP00000262290.4, ENST00000262290.9

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cd09824
Location:283 → 694

myeloperoxidase_like; Myeloperoxidases, eosinophil peroxidases, and lactoperoxidases

pfam03098
Location:138 → 674

An_peroxidase; Animal haem peroxidase

RNA

NR_027647.2 RNA Sequence

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an alternate exon in the 5' coding region that causes a frameshift, compared to variant 1. This variant is represented as non-coding because the use of the 5'-most translational start codon, as used in variant 1, renders the transcript a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).

Source sequence(s)

AK303903, BC107166, DB230339, M58151, U39573

Related

ENST00000543544.5

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

NC_000017.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Range

58238584..58268518

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_011524808.3 → XP_011523110.1 lactoperoxidase isoform X1

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cl14561
Location:283 → 556

An_peroxidase_like; Animal heme peroxidases and related proteins

pfam03098
Location:138 → 536

An_peroxidase; Animal haem peroxidase
XM_011524810.3 → XP_011523112.1 lactoperoxidase isoform X2

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cd09824
Location:30 → 441

myeloperoxidase_like; Myeloperoxidases, eosinophil peroxidases, and lactoperoxidases

pfam03098
Location:9 → 421

An_peroxidase; Animal haem peroxidase