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    Top2 Topoisomerase 2 [ Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) ]

    Gene ID: 35225, updated on 9-Dec-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    Top2provided by FlyBase
    Official Full Name
    Topoisomerase 2provided by FlyBase
    Primary source
    FLYBASE:FBgn0284220
    Locus tag
    Dmel_CG10223
    See related
    AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0284220
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Drosophila melanogaster
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
    Also known as
    CG10223; CHRAC; dCHRAC; Dmel\CG10223; dmTopoII; dTopoII; suo; top2; TOP2; TopII; topo 2; topo II; Topo II; TOPO II; topoII; TopoII; TOPOII; Topoll
    Summary
    Enables several functions, including ATP hydrolysis activity; DNA topoisomerase type II (double strand cut, ATP-hydrolyzing) activity; and nucleic acid binding activity. Involved in DNA topological change; heterochromatin formation; and nuclear chromosome segregation. Located in chromosome and nucleus. Colocalizes with condensed chromosome. Is expressed in adult head and adult heart. Orthologous to several human genes including TOP2B (DNA topoisomerase II beta). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
    Orthologs
    all
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    Genomic context

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    See Top2 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    37E1-37E1; 2-54 cM
    Exon count:
    6
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    Release 6.54 current Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4) 2L NT_033779.5 (19447365..19453490, complement)
    Release 5.57 previous assembly Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2) 2L NT_033779.4 (19447365..19453490, complement)

    Chromosome 2L - NT_033779.5Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein Neighboring gene Ran GTPase activating protein Neighboring gene Heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfotransferase Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein Neighboring gene traffic jam

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Function of the hydrophilic carboxyl terminus of type II DNA topoisomerase from Drosophila melanogaster. I. In vitro studies. Crenshaw DG, et al. J Biol Chem, 1993 Oct 5. PMID 8407971
    2. Interphase chromosomes undergo constrained diffusional motion in living cells. Marshall WF, et al. Curr Biol, 1997 Dec 1. PMID 9382846
    3. Azatoxin is a mechanistic hybrid of the topoisomerase II-targeted anticancer drugs etoposide and ellipticine. Cline SD, et al. Biochemistry, 1997 Oct 21. PMID 9335572
    4. Simplification of DNA topology below equilibrium values by type II topoisomerases. Rybenkov VV, et al. Science, 1997 Aug 1. PMID 9235892
    5. DNA damage and cytotoxicity induced in mammalian cells by a tetramethylfuroquinolinone derivative. Marzano C, et al. Environ Mol Mutagen, 1997. PMID 9142168

    See all (258) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Downregulation of TOP2 modulates neurodegeneration caused by GGGGCC expanded repeats.
      Title: Downregulation of TOP2 modulates neurodegeneration caused by GGGGCC expanded repeats.
    2. Topoisomerase II is regulated by translationally controlled tumor protein for cell survival during organ growth in Drosophila.
      Title: Topoisomerase II is regulated by translationally controlled tumor protein for cell survival during organ growth in Drosophila.
    3. The Top2-Mus101 interaction is important for maintaining the fidelity of chromosome segregation during mitosis.
      Title: The C-terminal 20 Amino Acids of Drosophila Topoisomerase 2 Are Required for Binding to a BRCA1 C Terminus (BRCT) Domain-containing Protein, Mus101, and Fidelity of DNA Segregation.
    4. These data suggest both that Topoisomerase II is involved in the resolution of heterochromatic DNA entanglements during meiosis I and that these entanglements must be resolved in order to complete meiosis.
      Title: Topoisomerase II is required for the proper separation of heterochromatic regions during Drosophila melanogaster female meiosis.
    5. our results suggest that the previously observed discrepancies in the chromosomal phenotypes elicited by Topo II downregulation in vertebrates might depend on slight differences in Topo II concentration and/or activity
      Title: The analysis of mutant alleles of different strength reveals multiple functions of topoisomerase 2 in regulation of Drosophila chromosome structure.
    6. Topo II is required to prevent Mod(mdg4)2.2 degradation and, consequently, to stabilize Su(Hw) insulator-mediated chromatin organization
      Title: DNA topoisomerase II modulates insulator function in Drosophila.
    7. Results suggest that displacement of the heterochromatin proteins D1, HP1 and topoisomerase II from satellite III result in stochastic chromatin opening and desilencing of the nearby white gene in white-mottled flies.
      Title: Displacement of D1, HP1 and topoisomerase II from satellite heterochromatin by a specific polyamide.
    8. Topo II does have some role in mitotic chromatin condensation
      Title: RNAi analysis reveals an unexpected role for topoisomerase II in chromosome arm congression to a metaphase plate.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables ATP binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables ATP hydrolysis activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables DNA binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables DNA binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables DNA topoisomerase type II (double strand cut, ATP-hydrolyzing) activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables DNA topoisomerase type II (double strand cut, ATP-hydrolyzing) activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables chromatin binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables four-way junction DNA binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables mRNA binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables rDNA binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables satellite DNA binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in DNA topological change IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in DNA topological change IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in chromosome condensation IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in heterochromatin formation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in male meiosis chromosome segregation IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in meiotic cell cycle TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in metaphase chromosome alignment IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in mitotic cell cycle HMP PubMed 
    involved_in mitotic cell cycle TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in mitotic chromosome condensation IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in mitotic sister chromatid segregation IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in resolution of meiotic recombination intermediates IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in sister chromatid segregation IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in sister chromatid segregation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in chromosome IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    colocalizes_with condensed chromosome IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    is_active_in nucleus IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in nucleus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    topoisomerase 2
    Names
    CG10223-PA
    CG10223-PB
    DNA topoisomerase II
    DNA topoisomeriase II
    Top 2
    Top2-PA
    Top2-PB
    Topoisomerase2
    solofuso
    topoisomerase II
    type II DNA topoisomerase
    type II topoisomerase
    NP_001260580.1
    NP_476760.1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    Genome Annotation

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference assembly

    Genomic

    1. NT_033779.5 Reference assembly

      Range
      19447365..19453490 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001273651.1 → NP_001260580.1  topoisomerase 2, isoform B [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001260580.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      M9PDQ1, P15348, Q6NR40, Q9VIW2
      Conserved Domains (6) summary
      cd03365
      Location:435 → 555
      TOPRIM_TopoIIA; TOPRIM_TopoIIA: topoisomerase-primase (TOPRIM) nucleotidyl transferase/hydrolase domain of the type found in proteins of the type IIA family of DNA topoisomerases similar to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Topoisomerase II. TopoIIA enzymes cut both strands of ...
      cd00187
      Location:691 → 1172
      TOP4c; DNA Topoisomerase, subtype IIA; domain A'; bacterial DNA topoisomerase IV (C subunit, ParC), bacterial DNA gyrases (A subunit, GyrA),mammalian DNA toposiomerases II. DNA topoisomerases are essential enzymes that regulate the conformational changes in DNA ...
      cd03481
      Location:246 → 398
      TopoIIA_Trans_ScTopoIIA; TopoIIA_Trans_ScTopoIIA: Transducer domain, having a ribosomal S5 domain 2-like fold, of the type found in proteins of the type IIA family of DNA topoisomerases similar to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Topo IIA. S. cerevisiae Topo IIA is a homodimer encoded ...
      PTZ00108
      Location:5 → 1378
      PTZ00108; DNA topoisomerase 2-like protein; Provisional
      pfam02518
      Location:61 → 155
      HATPase_c; Histidine kinase-, DNA gyrase B-, and HSP90-like ATPase
      pfam16898
      Location:553 → 691
      TOPRIM_C; C-terminal associated domain of TOPRIM

    2. NM_057412.5 → NP_476760.1  topoisomerase 2, isoform A [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_476760.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      M9PDQ1, P15348, Q6NR40, Q9VIW2
      Related
      FBpp0080825
      Conserved Domains (6) summary
      cd03365
      Location:435 → 555
      TOPRIM_TopoIIA; TOPRIM_TopoIIA: topoisomerase-primase (TOPRIM) nucleotidyl transferase/hydrolase domain of the type found in proteins of the type IIA family of DNA topoisomerases similar to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Topoisomerase II. TopoIIA enzymes cut both strands of ...
      cd00187
      Location:691 → 1172
      TOP4c; DNA Topoisomerase, subtype IIA; domain A'; bacterial DNA topoisomerase IV (C subunit, ParC), bacterial DNA gyrases (A subunit, GyrA),mammalian DNA toposiomerases II. DNA topoisomerases are essential enzymes that regulate the conformational changes in DNA ...
      cd03481
      Location:246 → 398
      TopoIIA_Trans_ScTopoIIA; TopoIIA_Trans_ScTopoIIA: Transducer domain, having a ribosomal S5 domain 2-like fold, of the type found in proteins of the type IIA family of DNA topoisomerases similar to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Topo IIA. S. cerevisiae Topo IIA is a homodimer encoded ...
      PTZ00108
      Location:5 → 1378
      PTZ00108; DNA topoisomerase 2-like protein; Provisional
      pfam02518
      Location:61 → 155
      HATPase_c; Histidine kinase-, DNA gyrase B-, and HSP90-like ATPase
      pfam16898
      Location:553 → 691
      TOPRIM_C; C-terminal associated domain of TOPRIM
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P15348.1 P15348

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