From HPO
Hemangioma- MedGen UID:
- 5477
- •Concept ID:
- C0018916
- •
- Neoplastic Process
A hemangioma is a benign tumor characterized by blood-filled spaces lined by benign endothelial cells. A hemangioma characterized by large endothelial spaces (caverns) is called a cavernous hemangioma (in contrast to a hemangioma with small endothelial spaces, which is called capillary hemangioma).
Lipoma- MedGen UID:
- 44173
- •Concept ID:
- C0023798
- •
- Neoplastic Process
Benign neoplasia derived from lipoblasts or lipocytes of white or brown fat. May be angiomatous or hibernomatous.
Multiple lipomas- MedGen UID:
- 677074
- •Concept ID:
- C0745730
- •
- Finding
The presence of multiple lipomas (a type of benign tissue made of fatty tissue).
Venous malformation- MedGen UID:
- 754284
- •Concept ID:
- C2937220
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
A vascular malformation resulting from a developmental error of venous tissue composed of dysmorphic channels lined by flattened endothelium and exhibiting slow turnover. A venous malformation may present as a blue patch on the skin ranging to a soft blue mass. Venous malformations are easily compressible and usually swell in thewhen venous pressure increases (e.g., when held in a dependent position or when a child cries). They may be relatively localized or quite extensive within an anatomic region.
Hemihypertrophy- MedGen UID:
- 90701
- •Concept ID:
- C0332890
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Overgrowth of only one side of the body.
Intellectual disability, moderate- MedGen UID:
- 7680
- •Concept ID:
- C0026351
- •
- Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Moderate mental retardation is defined as an intelligence quotient (IQ) in the range of 35-49.
Spinal cord compression- MedGen UID:
- 11549
- •Concept ID:
- C0037926
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
External mechanical compression of the spinal cord.
Deep venous thrombosis- MedGen UID:
- 57448
- •Concept ID:
- C0149871
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Formation of a blot clot in a deep vein. The clot often blocks blood flow, causing swelling and pain. The deep veins of the leg are most often affected.
Dolichocephaly- MedGen UID:
- 65142
- •Concept ID:
- C0221358
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
An abnormality of skull shape characterized by a increased anterior-posterior diameter, i.e., an increased antero-posterior dimension of the skull. Cephalic index less than 76%. Alternatively, an apparently increased antero-posterior length of the head compared to width. Often due to premature closure of the sagittal suture.
Kyphoscoliosis- MedGen UID:
- 154361
- •Concept ID:
- C0575158
- •
- Anatomical Abnormality
An abnormal curvature of the spine in both a coronal (lateral) and sagittal (back-to-front) plane.
Thin bony cortex- MedGen UID:
- 318844
- •Concept ID:
- C1833325
- •
- Finding
Abnormal thinning of the cortical region of bones.
Facial hyperostosis- MedGen UID:
- 347471
- •Concept ID:
- C1857501
- •
- Finding
Excessive growth (overgrowth) of the facial bones, that is of the facial skeleton.
Spinal canal stenosis- MedGen UID:
- 396107
- •Concept ID:
- C1861329
- •
- Anatomical Abnormality
An abnormal narrowing of the spinal canal.
Calvarial hyperostosis- MedGen UID:
- 350147
- •Concept ID:
- C1863351
- •
- Finding
Excessive growth of the calvaria.
Macrocephaly- MedGen UID:
- 745757
- •Concept ID:
- C2243051
- •
- Finding
Occipitofrontal (head) circumference greater than 97th centile compared to appropriate, age matched, sex-matched normal standards. Alternatively, a apparently increased size of the cranium.
Cerebriform connective tissue nevus- MedGen UID:
- 860278
- •Concept ID:
- C4011841
- •
- Neoplastic Process
The cerebriform connective tissue nevus (CCTN) is one of the most characteristic skin findings. It commonly occurs on the soles of the feet, and frequently causes problems because of pain, pruritus, infection, bleeding,exudation, odor, and walking impairment.
Mandibular hyperostosis- MedGen UID:
- 870861
- •Concept ID:
- C4025321
- •
- Anatomical Abnormality
Hyperostosis (bony overgrowth) of the mandible.
Lymphangioma- MedGen UID:
- 6153
- •Concept ID:
- C0024221
- •
- Neoplastic Process
Lymphangiomas are rare congenital malformations consisting of focal proliferations of well-differentiated lymphatic tissue in multi cystic or sponge like structures. Lymphangioma is usually asymptomatic due to its soft consistency but compression of adjacent structures can be seen due to the mass effect of a large tumor.
Splenomegaly- MedGen UID:
- 52469
- •Concept ID:
- C0038002
- •
- Finding
Abnormal increased size of the spleen.
Open mouth- MedGen UID:
- 116104
- •Concept ID:
- C0240379
- •
- Finding
A facial appearance characterized by a permanently or nearly permanently opened mouth.
Downslanted palpebral fissures- MedGen UID:
- 98391
- •Concept ID:
- C0423110
- •
- Finding
The palpebral fissure inclination is more than two standard deviations below the mean.
Long face- MedGen UID:
- 324419
- •Concept ID:
- C1836047
- •
- Finding
Facial height (length) is more than 2 standard deviations above the mean (objective); or, an apparent increase in the height (length) of the face (subjective).
Depressed nasal bridge- MedGen UID:
- 373112
- •Concept ID:
- C1836542
- •
- Finding
Posterior positioning of the nasal root in relation to the overall facial profile for age.
Nevus- MedGen UID:
- 45074
- •Concept ID:
- C0027960
- •
- Neoplastic Process
A nevus is a type of hamartoma that is a circumscribed stable malformation of the skin.
Epidermal acanthosis- MedGen UID:
- 65136
- •Concept ID:
- C0221270
- •
- Finding
Diffuse hypertrophy or thickening of the stratum spinosum of the epidermis (prickle cell layer of the skin).
Epidermal nevus- MedGen UID:
- 83106
- •Concept ID:
- C0334082
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum (PROS) encompasses a range of clinical findings in which the core features are congenital or early-childhood onset of segmental/focal overgrowth with or without cellular dysplasia. Prior to the identification of PIK3CA as the causative gene, PROS was separated into distinct clinical syndromes based on the tissues and/or organs involved (e.g., MCAP [megalencephaly-capillary malformation] syndrome and CLOVES [congenital lipomatous asymmetric overgrowth of the trunk, lymphatic, capillary, venous, and combined-type vascular malformations, epidermal nevi, skeletal and spinal anomalies] syndrome). The predominant areas of overgrowth include the brain, limbs (including fingers and toes), trunk (including abdomen and chest), and face, all usually in an asymmetric distribution. Generalized brain overgrowth may be accompanied by secondary overgrowth of specific brain structures resulting in ventriculomegaly, a markedly thick corpus callosum, and cerebellar tonsillar ectopia with crowding of the posterior fossa. Vascular malformations may include capillary, venous, and less frequently, arterial or mixed (capillary-lymphatic-venous or arteriovenous) malformations. Lymphatic malformations may be in various locations (internal and/or external) and can cause various clinical issues, including swelling, pain, and occasionally localized bleeding secondary to trauma. Lipomatous overgrowth may occur ipsilateral or contralateral to a vascular malformation, if present. The degree of intellectual disability appears to be mostly related to the presence and severity of seizures, cortical dysplasia (e.g., polymicrogyria), and hydrocephalus. Many children have feeding difficulties that are often multifactorial in nature. Endocrine issues affect a small number of individuals and most commonly include hypoglycemia (largely hypoinsulinemic hypoketotic hypoglycemia), hypothyroidism, and growth hormone deficiency.
Hyperkeratosis- MedGen UID:
- 209030
- •Concept ID:
- C0870082
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Hyperkeratosis is thickening of the outer layer of the skin, the stratum corneum, which is composed of large, polyhedral, plate-like envelopes filled with keratin which are the dead cells that have migrated up from the stratum granulosum.
Hypertrophy of skin of soles- MedGen UID:
- 358029
- •Concept ID:
- C1867617
- •
- Finding
Depigmentation/hyperpigmentation of skin- MedGen UID:
- 870419
- •Concept ID:
- C4024864
- •
- Anatomical Abnormality
Ptosis- MedGen UID:
- 2287
- •Concept ID:
- C0005745
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
The upper eyelid margin is positioned 3 mm or more lower than usual and covers the superior portion of the iris (objective); or, the upper lid margin obscures at least part of the pupil (subjective).
Limbal dermoid- MedGen UID:
- 401267
- •Concept ID:
- C1867616
- •
- Neoplastic Process
A benign tumor typically found at the junction of the cornea and sclera (limbal epibullar dermoid).
- Abnormality of blood and blood-forming tissues
- Abnormality of head or neck
- Abnormality of the cardiovascular system
- Abnormality of the eye
- Abnormality of the immune system
- Abnormality of the integument
- Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system
- Abnormality of the nervous system
- Growth abnormality
- Neoplasm