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Human immunodeficiency virus encephalopathy

MedGen UID:
61498
•Concept ID:
C0206019
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: AIDS Encephalopathies; AIDS Encephalopathy; Encephalopathies, AIDS; Encephalopathies, HIV; Encephalopathy, AIDS; Encephalopathy, HIV; HIV Encephalopathies; HIV Encephalopathy
SNOMED CT: Human immunodeficiency virus encephalopathy (397763006); Encephalopathy with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (421827003); Encephalopathy with AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) (421827003)

Definition

Encephalopathy that is associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVHuman immunodeficiency virus encephalopathy

Professional guidelines

PubMed

HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorder: epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.
Eggers C, Arendt G, Hahn K, Husstedt IW, Maschke M, Neuen-Jacob E, Obermann M, Rosenkranz T, Schielke E, Straube E; German Association of Neuro-AIDS und Neuro-Infectiology (DGNANI)
J Neurol 2017 Aug;264(8):1715-1727. Epub 2017 May 31 doi: 10.1007/s00415-017-8503-2. PMID: 28567537Free PMC Article
Non-cirrhotic portal hypertension - diagnosis and management.
Khanna R, Sarin SK
J Hepatol 2014 Feb;60(2):421-41. Epub 2013 Aug 23 doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.08.013. PMID: 23978714
Viral encephalitis: causes, differential diagnosis, and management.
Kennedy PG
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004 Mar;75 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):i10-5. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.2003.034280. PMID: 14978145Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Recovery of HIV encephalopathy in perinatally infected children on antiretroviral therapy.
Innes S, Laughton B, van Toorn R, Otwombe K, Liberty A, Dobbels E, Violari A, Kruger M, Cotton MF
Dev Med Child Neurol 2020 Nov;62(11):1309-1316. Epub 2020 Aug 10 doi: 10.1111/dmcn.14639. PMID: 32779195
Human immunodeficiency virus encephalopathy: cognitive and radiologic improvement after antiretroviral therapy.
Silva MT, Wagner S, Grinsztejn B
Arch Neurol 2009 Aug;66(8):1040-1. doi: 10.1001/archneurol.2009.156. PMID: 19667231
Exclusive induction of tau2 epitope in microglia/macrophages in inflammatory lesions-tautwopathy distinct from degenerative tauopathies.
Uchihara T, Duyckaerts C, Seilhean D, Nakamura A, Lazarini F, Hauw JJ
Acta Neuropathol 2005 Feb;109(2):159-64. Epub 2004 Nov 12 doi: 10.1007/s00401-004-0922-3. PMID: 15549333
Single-photon emission computed tomography in human immunodeficiency virus encephalopathy: a preliminary report.
Masdeu JC, Yudd A, Van Heertum RL, Grundman M, Hriso E, O'Connell RA, Luck D, Camli U, King LN
J Nucl Med 1991 Aug;32(8):1471-5. PMID: 1869964
The involvement of the cerebral cortex in human immunodeficiency virus encephalopathy: a morphological and immunohistochemical study.
Ciardi A, Sinclair E, Scaravilli F, Harcourt-Webster NJ, Lucas S
Acta Neuropathol 1990;81(1):51-9. doi: 10.1007/BF00662637. PMID: 2085094

Diagnosis

Recovery of HIV encephalopathy in perinatally infected children on antiretroviral therapy.
Innes S, Laughton B, van Toorn R, Otwombe K, Liberty A, Dobbels E, Violari A, Kruger M, Cotton MF
Dev Med Child Neurol 2020 Nov;62(11):1309-1316. Epub 2020 Aug 10 doi: 10.1111/dmcn.14639. PMID: 32779195
Human immunodeficiency virus encephalopathy: cognitive and radiologic improvement after antiretroviral therapy.
Silva MT, Wagner S, Grinsztejn B
Arch Neurol 2009 Aug;66(8):1040-1. doi: 10.1001/archneurol.2009.156. PMID: 19667231
Viral infections of the brain.
Masdeu JC, Van Heertum RL, Abdel-Dayem H
J Neuroimaging 1995 Jul;5 Suppl 1:S40-4. doi: 10.1111/jon19955s1s40. PMID: 7626836
Epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus encephalopathy in the United States.
Janssen RS, Nwanyanwu OC, Selik RM, Stehr-Green JK
Neurology 1992 Aug;42(8):1472-6. doi: 10.1212/wnl.42.8.1472. PMID: 1641138
Single-photon emission computed tomography in human immunodeficiency virus encephalopathy: a preliminary report.
Masdeu JC, Yudd A, Van Heertum RL, Grundman M, Hriso E, O'Connell RA, Luck D, Camli U, King LN
J Nucl Med 1991 Aug;32(8):1471-5. PMID: 1869964

Therapy

Management of a human immunodeficiency virus case with discordant antiviral drug resistance profiles in cerebrospinal fluid compared with plasma: a case report.
Bang D, Fonager J, Johansen IS
J Med Case Rep 2022 Feb 15;16(1):62. doi: 10.1186/s13256-022-03289-8. PMID: 35164871Free PMC Article
Recovery of HIV encephalopathy in perinatally infected children on antiretroviral therapy.
Innes S, Laughton B, van Toorn R, Otwombe K, Liberty A, Dobbels E, Violari A, Kruger M, Cotton MF
Dev Med Child Neurol 2020 Nov;62(11):1309-1316. Epub 2020 Aug 10 doi: 10.1111/dmcn.14639. PMID: 32779195
Novel use of levodopa in human immunodeficiency virus encephalopathy-mediated parkinsonism in an adult.
Devine MF, Herrin C, Warnack W, Dubey D
J Postgrad Med 2018 Jan-Mar;64(1):53-55. doi: 10.4103/jpgm.JPGM_674_16. PMID: 28862245Free PMC Article
HIV encephalopathy with bilateral lower limb spasticity: gross motor function and antiretroviral therapy.
Mann TN, Laughton B, Donald KA, Langerak NG
Dev Med Child Neurol 2017 Apr;59(4):407-411. Epub 2017 Jan 23 doi: 10.1111/dmcn.13377. PMID: 28111750
Prednisone improves human immunodeficiency virus encephalopathy in children.
Stiehm ER, Bryson YJ, Frenkel LM, Szelc CM, Gillespie S, Williams ME, Watkins JM
Pediatr Infect Dis J 1992 Jan;11(1):49-50. doi: 10.1097/00006454-199201000-00013. PMID: 1549410

Prognosis

Recovery of HIV encephalopathy in perinatally infected children on antiretroviral therapy.
Innes S, Laughton B, van Toorn R, Otwombe K, Liberty A, Dobbels E, Violari A, Kruger M, Cotton MF
Dev Med Child Neurol 2020 Nov;62(11):1309-1316. Epub 2020 Aug 10 doi: 10.1111/dmcn.14639. PMID: 32779195
Human immunodeficiency virus encephalopathy: cognitive and radiologic improvement after antiretroviral therapy.
Silva MT, Wagner S, Grinsztejn B
Arch Neurol 2009 Aug;66(8):1040-1. doi: 10.1001/archneurol.2009.156. PMID: 19667231
Diffusion-weighted imaging as a problem-solving tool in the evaluation of patients with acute strokelike syndromes.
Schaefer PW
Top Magn Reson Imaging 2000 Oct;11(5):300-9. doi: 10.1097/00002142-200010000-00006. PMID: 11142628
The virology of demyelinating diseases.
Johnson RT
Ann Neurol 1994;36 Suppl(Suppl):S54-60. doi: 10.1002/ana.410360715. PMID: 8017889Free PMC Article
Epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus encephalopathy in the United States.
Janssen RS, Nwanyanwu OC, Selik RM, Stehr-Green JK
Neurology 1992 Aug;42(8):1472-6. doi: 10.1212/wnl.42.8.1472. PMID: 1641138

Clinical prediction guides

Management of a human immunodeficiency virus case with discordant antiviral drug resistance profiles in cerebrospinal fluid compared with plasma: a case report.
Bang D, Fonager J, Johansen IS
J Med Case Rep 2022 Feb 15;16(1):62. doi: 10.1186/s13256-022-03289-8. PMID: 35164871Free PMC Article
HIV encephalopathy with bilateral lower limb spasticity: gross motor function and antiretroviral therapy.
Mann TN, Laughton B, Donald KA, Langerak NG
Dev Med Child Neurol 2017 Apr;59(4):407-411. Epub 2017 Jan 23 doi: 10.1111/dmcn.13377. PMID: 28111750
Exclusive induction of tau2 epitope in microglia/macrophages in inflammatory lesions-tautwopathy distinct from degenerative tauopathies.
Uchihara T, Duyckaerts C, Seilhean D, Nakamura A, Lazarini F, Hauw JJ
Acta Neuropathol 2005 Feb;109(2):159-64. Epub 2004 Nov 12 doi: 10.1007/s00401-004-0922-3. PMID: 15549333
Macrophage/microglial accumulation and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in the central nervous system in human immunodeficiency virus encephalopathy.
Fischer-Smith T, Croul S, Adeniyi A, Rybicka K, Morgello S, Khalili K, Rappaport J
Am J Pathol 2004 Jun;164(6):2089-99. doi: 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)63767-4. PMID: 15161643Free PMC Article
Diffusion-weighted imaging as a problem-solving tool in the evaluation of patients with acute strokelike syndromes.
Schaefer PW
Top Magn Reson Imaging 2000 Oct;11(5):300-9. doi: 10.1097/00002142-200010000-00006. PMID: 11142628

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