Age-Standardized Prevalence of Diabetes Comorbidities and Associated Medication Use Among Adults Age ≥20 Years, by Diabetes Status, U.S., 2015–March 2020
| MEDICATION CLASS* | DIAGNOSED TYPE 2 DIABETES | UNDIAGNOSED DIABETES | PREDIABETES | NORMAL GLUCOSE |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean number of medications (standard error) | 5.2 (0.1) | 3.2 (0.2) | 3.1 (0.1) | 2.8 (0.1) |
| Percent (Standard Error) | ||||
| Self-reported hypertension | 59.4 (2.5) | 46.8 (4.4) | 39.4 (1.6) | 27.1 (1.5) |
| Any antihypertensive medication | 59.8 (2.1) | 39.8 (4.1) | 32.5 (1.3) | 18.5 (1.2) |
| Diuretics | 21.8 (1.5) | 17.1 (2.6) | 12.4 (0.9) | 6.3 (0.9) |
| Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) | 15.4 (1.5) | 11.8 (2.1) | 8.0 (0.8) | 3.8 (0.6) |
| Calcium channel blockers | 14.9 (1.2) | 9.3 (2.1) | 5.8 (0.6) | 4.7 (0.6) |
| Beta blockers | 20.8 (1.3) | 17.4 (3.3) | 12.8 (0.8) | 6.9 (0.8) |
| ACE inhibitors | 33.6 (2.0) | 13.1 (3.0) | 12.1 (1.0) | 5.9 (0.6) |
| Other antihypertensive medications | 15.9 (1.3) | 12.9 (2.5) | 9.8 (0.9) | 4.5 (0.7) |
| Self-reported high cholesterol | 52.8 (1.9) | 37.8 (4.1) | 36.2 (1.5) | 29.6 (1.3) |
| Any cholesterol medication | 45.7 (1.5) | 17.9 (3.0) | 21.2 (0.8) | 11.0 (1.3) |
| Statins | 43.0 (1.5) | 15.4 (2.7) | 19.5 (0.7) | 10.4 (0.9) |
| Other medication classes | ||||
| Central nervous system agents | 31.4 (2.2) | 20.1 (3.3) | 19.7 (1.2) | 20.1 (1.7) |
| Psychotherapeutics | 22.1 (2.4) | 14.0 (3.4) | 15.1 (1.1) | 14.5 (1.4) |
| Antidepressants | 21.6 (2.4) | 12.1 (3.0) | 14.5 (1.1) | 14.0 (1.4) |
| Respiratory agents | 13.2 (1.5) | 13.3 (2.7) | 9.2 (1.0) | 7.7 (0.8) |
| Gastrointestinal agents | 18.4 (1.0) | 11.6 (3.6) | 13.4 (1.0) | 10.8 (1.2) |
| Hormones | 22.1 (2.2) | 14.2 (3.0) | 13.9 (0.9) | 17.8 (1.0) |
Diagnosed type 2 diabetes is based on self-report; those with probable type 1 diabetes (insulin use alone and continuous insulin use within one year of diagnosis) were excluded. Undiagnosed diabetes is based on A1C ≥6.5% or FPG ≥126 mg/dL; prediabetes is based on A1C 5.7%–6.4% or FPG 100–125 mg/dL; and normal glucose is based on A1C <5.7% and FPG <100 mg/dL. Data are age-standardized to the age distribution (20–44, 45–64, ≥65 years) of the National Health Interview Survey 2019 overall population. Conversion formulas for A1C and glucose are available in the Conversions section. A1C, glycated hemoglobin; FPG, fasting plasma glucose.
A detailed list of medications included in each category is available in Appendix Table A1.
SOURCE: National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2015–March 2020
From: Medication Use and Self-Care Practices in Persons With Diabetes
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