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    BEAF-32 Boundary element-associated factor of 32kD [ Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) ]

    Gene ID: 36645, updated on 17-Dec-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    BEAF-32provided by FlyBase
    Official Full Name
    Boundary element-associated factor of 32kDprovided by FlyBase
    Primary source
    FLYBASE:FBgn0015602
    Locus tag
    Dmel_CG10159
    See related
    AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0015602
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Drosophila melanogaster
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
    Also known as
    beaf; BEAF; BEAF 32; beaf-32; Beaf-32; BEAF-32A; BEAF-32B; Beaf32; BEAF32; BEAF32A; BEAF32b; BEAF32B; bs04c01.y1; CG10159; Dmel\CG10159
    Summary
    Enables chromatin insulator sequence binding activity. Involved in chromatin organization; oogenesis; and regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Located in chromatin; nucleus; and polytene chromosome interband. Is expressed in several structures, including antennal primordium; central brain primordium; embryonic central brain neurons; ganglia; and head epidermis primordium. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
    Orthologs
    all
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    Genomic context

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    See BEAF-32 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    51C2-51C2; 2-72 cM
    Exon count:
    3
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    Release 6.54 current Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4) 2R NT_033778.4 (14770469..14772630)
    Release 5.57 previous assembly Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2) 2R NT_033778.3 (10657974..10660135)

    Chromosome 2R - NT_033778.4Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein Neighboring gene Sprouty-related protein with EVH-1 domain Neighboring gene antisense RNA:CR42254 Neighboring gene knot Neighboring gene hase und igel

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Visualization of chromosomal domains with boundary element-associated factor BEAF-32. Zhao K, et al. Cell, 1995 Jun 16. PMID 7781065
    2. Transcription start site profiling uncovers divergent transcription and enhancer-associated RNAs in Drosophila melanogaster. Meers MP, et al. BMC Genomics, 2018 Feb 21. PMID 29466941, Free PMC Article
    3. Characterization of the Drosophila BEAF-32A and BEAF-32B Insulator Proteins. Avva SV, et al. PLoS One, 2016. PMID 27622635, Free PMC Article
    4. 4C-seq characterization of Drosophila BEAF binding regions provides evidence for highly variable long-distance interactions between active chromatin. Shrestha S, et al. PLoS One, 2018. PMID 30248133, Free PMC Article
    5. Do the BEAF insulator proteins regulate genes involved in cell polarity and neoplastic growth? Hart CM. Dev Biol, 2014 May 15. PMID 24211761

    See all (232) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. CTCF, BEAF-32, and CP190 are not required for the establishment of TADs in early Drosophila embryos but have locus-specific roles.
      Title: CTCF, BEAF-32, and CP190 are not required for the establishment of TADs in early Drosophila embryos but have locus-specific roles.
    2. The BEAF-32 Protein Directly Interacts with Z4/putzig and Chriz/Chromator Proteins in Drosophila melanogaster.
      Title: The BEAF-32 Protein Directly Interacts with Z4/putzig and Chriz/Chromator Proteins in Drosophila melanogaster.
    3. Insulator-based loops mediate the spreading of H3K27me3 over distant micro-domains repressing euchromatin genes.
      Title: Insulator-based loops mediate the spreading of H3K27me3 over distant micro-domains repressing euchromatin genes.
    4. Promoter-Proximal Chromatin Domain Insulator Protein BEAF Mediates Local and Long-Range Communication with a Transcription Factor and Directly Activates a Housekeeping Promoter in Drosophila.
      Title: Promoter-Proximal Chromatin Domain Insulator Protein BEAF Mediates Local and Long-Range Communication with a Transcription Factor and Directly Activates a Housekeeping Promoter in Drosophila.
    5. study shows that by virtue of O-GlcNAcylation, BEAF 32 is linked to epigenetic mechanisms that activate a subset of associated genes
      Title: O-GlcNAcylation of boundary element associated factor (BEAF 32) in Drosophila melanogaster correlates with active histone marks at the promoters of its target genes.
    6. Loss of BEAF-32 does not noticeably impair the functions of the Hippo pathway in eye growth regulation.
      Title: The insulator protein BEAF-32 is required for Hippo pathway activity in the terminal differentiation of neuronal subtypes.
    7. The BESS domain alone is sufficient to mediate BEAF-BEAF interactions, although the presence of the putative leucine zipper on at least one protein strengthens the interactions. BEAF-32B is sufficient to rescue a null BEAF mutation. Using mutant BEAF-32B rescue transgenes, we show that the middle region and the BESS domain are essential.
      Title: Characterization of the Drosophila BEAF-32A and BEAF-32B Insulator Proteins.
    8. we identify key roles for the Zelda and Zerknullt transcription factors in establishing the resulting expression domain, and find widespread binding of insulator proteins to the Mad and Brinker-bound genomic regions. Analysis of embryos lacking the BEAF-32 insulator protein shows reduced transcription of a peak BMP target gene and a reduction in the number of amnioserosa cells, the fate specified by peak BMP signaling.
      Title: Regulation of the BMP Signaling-Responsive Transcriptional Network in the Drosophila Embryo.
    9. Miss-regulation of these genes explains the unregulated cell growth and neoplastic phenotypes observed in imaginal tissues of BEAF-32 mutants.
      Title: The BEAF insulator regulates genes involved in cell polarity and neoplastic growth.
    10. BEAF is a positive regulator of the chromatin domain boundary that separates myoglianin and eyeless genes.
      Title: A BEAF dependent chromatin domain boundary separates myoglianin and eyeless genes of Drosophila melanogaster.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (18)

    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables DNA binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables DNA binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables chromatin insulator sequence binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in chromatin organization IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in chromatin organization IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in oogenesis IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in chromatin IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    is_active_in nucleus IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in nucleus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in polytene chromosome interband IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    boundary element-associated factor of 32kD
    Names
    BEAF-32-PA
    BEAF-32-PB
    BEAF-32-PC
    CG10159-PA
    CG10159-PB
    CG10159-PC
    boundary element associated factor
    boundary element associated factor 32
    boundary element associated factor of 32
    boundary element-associated factor

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    Genome Annotation

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference assembly

    Genomic

    1. NT_033778.4 Reference assembly

      Range
      14770469..14772630
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_079023.5 → NP_523747.1  boundary element-associated factor of 32kD, isoform A [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_523747.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      D0IQ89, Q7JN06
      Related
      FBpp0086571
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      smart00614
      Location:31 → 74
      ZnF_BED; BED zinc finger
      pfam02944
      Location:238 → 272
      BESS; BESS motif

    2. NM_001259399.2 → NP_001246328.1  boundary element-associated factor of 32kD, isoform C [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001246328.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q94513
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      pfam02892
      Location:7 → 58
      zf-BED; BED zinc finger
      pfam02944
      Location:237 → 271
      BESS; BESS motif

    3. NM_166069.3 → NP_725418.1  boundary element-associated factor of 32kD, isoform B [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_725418.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q94513
      Related
      FBpp0086572
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      pfam02892
      Location:7 → 58
      zf-BED; BED zinc finger
      pfam02944
      Location:237 → 271
      BESS; BESS motif
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q7JN06 Q7JN06
    Q94513 Q94513

    Gene LinkOut

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