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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 21(CMH21)

MedGen UID:
766356
Concept ID:
C3553442
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 21
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0013852
OMIM®: 614676

Definition

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (CMH) is characterized by unexplained cardiac hypertrophy: thickening of the myocardial wall in the absence of any other identifiable cause for left ventricular hypertrophy such as systemic hypertension or valvular heart disease. Myocyte hypertrophy, disarray, and fibrosis are the histopathologic hallmarks of this disorder. Clinical features are diverse and include arrhythmias, sudden cardiac death, and heart failure. With an estimated prevalence of 1 in 500, CMH is the most common cardiovascular genetic disease and the most common cause of sudden death in competitive athletes in the United States (summary by Song et al., 2006). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, see CMH1 (192600). [from OMIM]

Clinical features

From HPO
Sudden death
MedGen UID:
8257
Concept ID:
C0011071
Pathologic Function
Rapid and unexpected death.
Atrial fibrillation
MedGen UID:
445
Concept ID:
C0004238
Finding
An atrial arrhythmia characterized by disorganized atrial activity without discrete P waves on the surface EKG, but instead by an undulating baseline or more sharply circumscribed atrial deflections of varying amplitude an frequency ranging from 350 to 600 per minute.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
MedGen UID:
2881
Concept ID:
C0007194
Disease or Syndrome
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is defined by the presence of increased ventricular wall thickness or mass in the absence of loading conditions (hypertension, valve disease) sufficient to cause the observed abnormality.
Mitral valve prolapse
MedGen UID:
7671
Concept ID:
C0026267
Disease or Syndrome
One or both of the leaflets (cusps) of the mitral valve bulges back into the left atrium upon contraction of the left ventricle.
Left ventricular hypertrophy
MedGen UID:
57442
Concept ID:
C0149721
Disease or Syndrome
Enlargement or increased size of the heart left ventricle.
Myofiber disarray
MedGen UID:
1615672
Concept ID:
C3671015
Finding
A nonparallel arrangement of cardiac myocytes.

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Guerreiro C, Azevedo P, Ladeiras-Lopes R, Ferreira N, Barbosa AR, Faria R, Almeida J, Primo J, Melica B, Braga P
J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2020 Jun;21(6):437-443. doi: 10.2459/JCM.0000000000000964. PMID: 32251077

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Dungu JN, Hardy-Wallace A, Dimarco AD, Savage HO
Curr Heart Fail Rep 2024 Aug;21(4):428-438. Epub 2024 Mar 15 doi: 10.1007/s11897-024-00654-0. PMID: 38488965
Yacoub MS, El-Nakhal T, Hasabo EA, Shehata N, Wilson K, Ismail KH, Bakr MS, Mohsen M, Mohamed A, Abdelazim E, Ali HT, Soliman Z, Sayed A, Abdelsayed K, Caliskan K, Soliman O
Heart Fail Rev 2024 Mar;29(2):479-496. Epub 2023 Dec 19 doi: 10.1007/s10741-023-10375-6. PMID: 38112937
Wang J, Yang S, Ma X, Zhao K, Yang K, Yu S, Yin G, Dong Z, Song Y, Cui C, Li J, Wang C, Hao J, Lu M, Chen X, Zhao S
Eur Heart J 2023 Dec 1;44(45):4781-4792. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad581. PMID: 37795986
Hathaway J, Heliö K, Saarinen I, Tallila J, Seppälä EH, Tuupanen S, Turpeinen H, Kangas-Kontio T, Schleit J, Tommiska J, Kytölä V, Valori M, Muona M, Sistonen J, Gentile M, Salmenperä P, Myllykangas S, Paananen J, Alastalo TP, Heliö T, Koskenvuo J
BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021 Mar 5;21(1):126. doi: 10.1186/s12872-021-01927-5. PMID: 33673806Free PMC Article
Ho CY, Mealiffe ME, Bach RG, Bhattacharya M, Choudhury L, Edelberg JM, Hegde SM, Jacoby D, Lakdawala NK, Lester SJ, Ma Y, Marian AJ, Nagueh SF, Owens A, Rader F, Saberi S, Sehnert AJ, Sherrid MV, Solomon SD, Wang A, Wever-Pinzon O, Wong TC, Heitner SB
J Am Coll Cardiol 2020 Jun 2;75(21):2649-2660. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.03.064. PMID: 32466879

Diagnosis

Dungu JN, Hardy-Wallace A, Dimarco AD, Savage HO
Curr Heart Fail Rep 2024 Aug;21(4):428-438. Epub 2024 Mar 15 doi: 10.1007/s11897-024-00654-0. PMID: 38488965
Maron MS, Masri A, Choudhury L, Olivotto I, Saberi S, Wang A, Garcia-Pavia P, Lakdawala NK, Nagueh SF, Rader F, Tower-Rader A, Turer AT, Coats C, Fifer MA, Owens A, Solomon SD, Watkins H, Barriales-Villa R, Kramer CM, Wong TC, Paige SL, Heitner SB, Kupfer S, Malik FI, Meng L, Wohltman A, Abraham T; REDWOOD-HCM Steering Committee and Investigators
J Am Coll Cardiol 2023 Jan 3;81(1):34-45. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.10.020. PMID: 36599608
Ranjbarvaziri S, Kooiker KB, Ellenberger M, Fajardo G, Zhao M, Vander Roest AS, Woldeyes RA, Koyano TT, Fong R, Ma N, Tian L, Traber GM, Chan F, Perrino J, Reddy S, Chiu W, Wu JC, Woo JY, Ruppel KM, Spudich JA, Snyder MP, Contrepois K, Bernstein D
Circulation 2021 Nov 23;144(21):1714-1731. Epub 2021 Oct 21 doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.053575. PMID: 34672721Free PMC Article
Hathaway J, Heliö K, Saarinen I, Tallila J, Seppälä EH, Tuupanen S, Turpeinen H, Kangas-Kontio T, Schleit J, Tommiska J, Kytölä V, Valori M, Muona M, Sistonen J, Gentile M, Salmenperä P, Myllykangas S, Paananen J, Alastalo TP, Heliö T, Koskenvuo J
BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021 Mar 5;21(1):126. doi: 10.1186/s12872-021-01927-5. PMID: 33673806Free PMC Article
Lorenzini M, Norrish G, Field E, Ochoa JP, Cicerchia M, Akhtar MM, Syrris P, Lopes LR, Kaski JP, Elliott PM
J Am Coll Cardiol 2020 Aug 4;76(5):550-559. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.06.011. PMID: 32731933Free PMC Article

Therapy

Zhou M, Ta S, Hahn RT, Hsi DH, Leon MB, Hu R, Zhang J, Zuo L, Li J, Wang J, Wang B, Zhu X, Liu J, Han Y, Li X, Xu B, Zhang L, Hou L, Han C, Liu J, Liu L
JAMA Cardiol 2022 May 1;7(5):529-538. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2022.0259. PMID: 35353129Free PMC Article
Olivotto I, Oreziak A, Barriales-Villa R, Abraham TP, Masri A, Garcia-Pavia P, Saberi S, Lakdawala NK, Wheeler MT, Owens A, Kubanek M, Wojakowski W, Jensen MK, Gimeno-Blanes J, Afshar K, Myers J, Hegde SM, Solomon SD, Sehnert AJ, Zhang D, Li W, Bhattacharya M, Edelberg JM, Waldman CB, Lester SJ, Wang A, Ho CY, Jacoby D; EXPLORER-HCM study investigators
Lancet 2020 Sep 12;396(10253):759-769. Epub 2020 Aug 29 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31792-X. PMID: 32871100
Ho CY, Mealiffe ME, Bach RG, Bhattacharya M, Choudhury L, Edelberg JM, Hegde SM, Jacoby D, Lakdawala NK, Lester SJ, Ma Y, Marian AJ, Nagueh SF, Owens A, Rader F, Saberi S, Sehnert AJ, Sherrid MV, Solomon SD, Wang A, Wever-Pinzon O, Wong TC, Heitner SB
J Am Coll Cardiol 2020 Jun 2;75(21):2649-2660. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.03.064. PMID: 32466879
Ren Z, Yu P, Li D, Li Z, Liao Y, Wang Y, Zhou B, Wang L
Circulation 2020 May 26;141(21):1704-1719. Epub 2020 Feb 26 doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.043053. PMID: 32098504
Heitner SB, Jacoby D, Lester SJ, Owens A, Wang A, Zhang D, Lambing J, Lee J, Semigran M, Sehnert AJ
Ann Intern Med 2019 Jun 4;170(11):741-748. Epub 2019 Apr 30 doi: 10.7326/M18-3016. PMID: 31035291

Prognosis

Hathaway J, Heliö K, Saarinen I, Tallila J, Seppälä EH, Tuupanen S, Turpeinen H, Kangas-Kontio T, Schleit J, Tommiska J, Kytölä V, Valori M, Muona M, Sistonen J, Gentile M, Salmenperä P, Myllykangas S, Paananen J, Alastalo TP, Heliö T, Koskenvuo J
BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021 Mar 5;21(1):126. doi: 10.1186/s12872-021-01927-5. PMID: 33673806Free PMC Article
Lorenzini M, Norrish G, Field E, Ochoa JP, Cicerchia M, Akhtar MM, Syrris P, Lopes LR, Kaski JP, Elliott PM
J Am Coll Cardiol 2020 Aug 4;76(5):550-559. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.06.011. PMID: 32731933Free PMC Article
Habib M, Hoss S, Rakowski H
Curr Cardiol Rep 2019 Jun 26;21(8):75. doi: 10.1007/s11886-019-1173-1. PMID: 31243594
Norrish G, Jager J, Field E, Quinn E, Fell H, Lord E, Cicerchia MN, Ochoa JP, Cervi E, Elliott PM, Kaski JP
Circulation 2019 Jul 16;140(3):184-192. Epub 2019 Apr 22 doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.038846. PMID: 31006259Free PMC Article
Seferović PM, Polovina M, Bauersachs J, Arad M, Ben Gal T, Lund LH, Felix SB, Arbustini E, Caforio ALP, Farmakis D, Filippatos GS, Gialafos E, Kanjuh V, Krljanac G, Limongelli G, Linhart A, Lyon AR, Maksimović R, Miličić D, Milinković I, Noutsias M, Oto A, Oto Ö, Pavlović SU, Piepoli MF, Ristić AD, Rosano GMC, Seggewiss H, Ašanin M, Seferović JP, Ruschitzka F, Čelutkiene J, Jaarsma T, Mueller C, Moura B, Hill L, Volterrani M, Lopatin Y, Metra M, Backs J, Mullens W, Chioncel O, de Boer RA, Anker S, Rapezzi C, Coats AJS, Tschöpe C
Eur J Heart Fail 2019 May;21(5):553-576. Epub 2019 Apr 16 doi: 10.1002/ejhf.1461. PMID: 30989768

Clinical prediction guides

McGurk KA, Zhang X, Theotokis P, Thomson K, Harper A, Buchan RJ, Mazaika E, Ormondroyd E, Wright WT, Macaya D, Pua CJ, Funke B, MacArthur DG, Prasad SK, Cook SA, Allouba M, Aguib Y, Yacoub MH, O'Regan DP, Barton PJR, Watkins H, Bottolo L, Ware JS
Am J Hum Genet 2023 Sep 7;110(9):1482-1495. Epub 2023 Aug 30 doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.08.003. PMID: 37652022Free PMC Article
Hathaway J, Heliö K, Saarinen I, Tallila J, Seppälä EH, Tuupanen S, Turpeinen H, Kangas-Kontio T, Schleit J, Tommiska J, Kytölä V, Valori M, Muona M, Sistonen J, Gentile M, Salmenperä P, Myllykangas S, Paananen J, Alastalo TP, Heliö T, Koskenvuo J
BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021 Mar 5;21(1):126. doi: 10.1186/s12872-021-01927-5. PMID: 33673806Free PMC Article
Olivotto I, Oreziak A, Barriales-Villa R, Abraham TP, Masri A, Garcia-Pavia P, Saberi S, Lakdawala NK, Wheeler MT, Owens A, Kubanek M, Wojakowski W, Jensen MK, Gimeno-Blanes J, Afshar K, Myers J, Hegde SM, Solomon SD, Sehnert AJ, Zhang D, Li W, Bhattacharya M, Edelberg JM, Waldman CB, Lester SJ, Wang A, Ho CY, Jacoby D; EXPLORER-HCM study investigators
Lancet 2020 Sep 12;396(10253):759-769. Epub 2020 Aug 29 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31792-X. PMID: 32871100
Gao J, Collyer J, Wang M, Sun F, Xu F
Int J Mol Sci 2020 Apr 25;21(9) doi: 10.3390/ijms21093040. PMID: 32344918Free PMC Article
Heitner SB, Jacoby D, Lester SJ, Owens A, Wang A, Zhang D, Lambing J, Lee J, Semigran M, Sehnert AJ
Ann Intern Med 2019 Jun 4;170(11):741-748. Epub 2019 Apr 30 doi: 10.7326/M18-3016. PMID: 31035291

Recent systematic reviews

Yacoub MS, El-Nakhal T, Hasabo EA, Shehata N, Wilson K, Ismail KH, Bakr MS, Mohsen M, Mohamed A, Abdelazim E, Ali HT, Soliman Z, Sayed A, Abdelsayed K, Caliskan K, Soliman O
Heart Fail Rev 2024 Mar;29(2):479-496. Epub 2023 Dec 19 doi: 10.1007/s10741-023-10375-6. PMID: 38112937
Yassen M, Changal K, Busken J, Royfman R, Schodowski E, Venkataramany B, Khouri SJ, Moukarbel GV
Am J Cardiol 2024 Jan 1;210:219-224. Epub 2023 Oct 25 doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.10.059. PMID: 37884110
Monda E, Diana G, Graziani F, Rubino M, Bakalakos A, Linhart A, Germain DP, Scarpa M, Biagini E, Pieroni M, Elliott PM, Limongelli G
Circ Genom Precis Med 2023 Dec;16(6):e004252. Epub 2023 Dec 4 doi: 10.1161/CIRCGEN.123.004252. PMID: 38047356
Aimo A, Merlo M, Porcari A, Georgiopoulos G, Pagura L, Vergaro G, Sinagra G, Emdin M, Rapezzi C
Eur J Heart Fail 2022 Dec;24(12):2342-2351. Epub 2022 May 16 doi: 10.1002/ejhf.2532. PMID: 35509173Free PMC Article
Mascia G, Crotti L, Groppelli A, Canepa M, Merlo AC, Benenati S, Di Donna P, Della Bona R, Soranna D, Zambon A, Porto I, Olivotto I, Parati G, Brignole M, Cecchi F
Int J Cardiol 2022 Jun 15;357:88-94. Epub 2022 Mar 15 doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.03.028. PMID: 35304190

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