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Polyp

MedGen UID:
19397
•Concept ID:
C0032584
•
Anatomical Abnormality
Synonym: Polyps
SNOMED CT: Polyp (441456002); Polyp (41329004)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0005079

Definition

A usually exophytic mass attached to the underlying tissue by a broad base or a thin stalk. Polyps can be neoplastic or non-neoplastic. Neoplastic polyps usually represent proliferations of the epithelium, and are commonly seen in the gastrointestinal tract. Polyps of the gastrointestinal tract are often called adenomas, are associated with dysplasia, and may eventually transform into carcinomas. Non-neoplastic polyps may be inflammatory, degenerative, or the result of malformations. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVPolyp

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Endometrial polyps. An evidence-based diagnosis and management guide.
Vitale SG, Haimovich S, Laganà AS, Alonso L, Di Spiezio Sardo A, Carugno J; From the Global Community of Hysteroscopy Guidelines Committee
Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2021 May;260:70-77. Epub 2021 Mar 13 doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.03.017. PMID: 33756339
Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for management of colorectal polyps.
Tanaka S, Saitoh Y, Matsuda T, Igarashi M, Matsumoto T, Iwao Y, Suzuki Y, Nozaki R, Sugai T, Oka S, Itabashi M, Sugihara KI, Tsuruta O, Hirata I, Nishida H, Miwa H, Enomoto N, Shimosegawa T, Koike K
J Gastroenterol 2021 Apr;56(4):323-335. Epub 2021 Mar 12 doi: 10.1007/s00535-021-01776-1. PMID: 33710392Free PMC Article
Evaluation and Management of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding.
Marnach ML, Laughlin-Tommaso SK
Mayo Clin Proc 2019 Feb;94(2):326-335. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.12.012. PMID: 30711128

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Colon polyps: updates in classification and management.
Dornblaser D, Young S, Shaukat A
Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2024 Jan 1;40(1):14-20. Epub 2023 Nov 1 doi: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000988. PMID: 37909928
Inorganic polyphosphate in mammals: where's Wally?
Desfougères Y, Saiardi A, Azevedo C
Biochem Soc Trans 2020 Feb 28;48(1):95-101. doi: 10.1042/BST20190328. PMID: 32049314Free PMC Article
Enzymes of inorganic polyphosphate metabolism.
Kulakovskaya T, Kulaev I
Prog Mol Subcell Biol 2013;54:39-63. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-41004-8_3. PMID: 24420710
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome.
Buck JL, Harned RK, Lichtenstein JE, Sobin LH
Radiographics 1992 Mar;12(2):365-78. doi: 10.1148/radiographics.12.2.1561426. PMID: 1561426
Colonic polyps.
Ackroyd FW, Hedberg SE
Annu Rev Med 1985;36:619-25. doi: 10.1146/annurev.me.36.020185.003155. PMID: 3994327

Diagnosis

Colon polyps: updates in classification and management.
Dornblaser D, Young S, Shaukat A
Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2024 Jan 1;40(1):14-20. Epub 2023 Nov 1 doi: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000988. PMID: 37909928
Pai syndrome: a review.
Olivero F, Foiadelli T, Luzzi S, Marseglia GL, Savasta S
Childs Nerv Syst 2020 Nov;36(11):2635-2640. Epub 2020 Jul 10 doi: 10.1007/s00381-020-04788-z. PMID: 32651596Free PMC Article
Inorganic polyphosphate in mammals: where's Wally?
Desfougères Y, Saiardi A, Azevedo C
Biochem Soc Trans 2020 Feb 28;48(1):95-101. doi: 10.1042/BST20190328. PMID: 32049314Free PMC Article
Polyp characterization at colonoscopy: Clinical implications.
Allen JE, Sharma P
Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2017 Aug;31(4):435-440. Epub 2017 Jul 6 doi: 10.1016/j.bpg.2017.07.001. PMID: 28842053
Colonic polyps.
Ackroyd FW, Hedberg SE
Annu Rev Med 1985;36:619-25. doi: 10.1146/annurev.me.36.020185.003155. PMID: 3994327

Therapy

Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Colonoscopy for Colorectal Cancer Screening: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.
Xu H, Tang RSY, Lam TYT, Zhao G, Lau JYW, Liu Y, Wu Q, Rong L, Xu W, Li X, Wong SH, Cai S, Wang J, Liu G, Ma T, Liang X, Mak JWY, Xu H, Yuan P, Cao T, Li F, Ye Z, Shutian Z, Sung JJY
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023 Feb;21(2):337-346.e3. Epub 2022 Jul 19 doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2022.07.006. PMID: 35863686
Educating Outpatients for Bowel Preparation Before Colonoscopy Using Conventional Methods vs Virtual Reality Videos Plus Conventional Methods: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Chen G, Zhao Y, Xie F, Shi W, Yang Y, Yang A, Wu D
JAMA Netw Open 2021 Nov 1;4(11):e2135576. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.35576. PMID: 34807255Free PMC Article
Role of Artificial Intelligence Applications in Real-Life Clinical Practice: Systematic Review.
Yin J, Ngiam KY, Teo HH
J Med Internet Res 2021 Apr 22;23(4):e25759. doi: 10.2196/25759. PMID: 33885365Free PMC Article
Efficacy and safety of omalizumab in nasal polyposis: 2 randomized phase 3 trials.
Gevaert P, Omachi TA, Corren J, Mullol J, Han J, Lee SE, Kaufman D, Ligueros-Saylan M, Howard M, Zhu R, Owen R, Wong K, Islam L, Bachert C
J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020 Sep;146(3):595-605. Epub 2020 Jun 7 doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.05.032. PMID: 32524991
Hysteroscopy for treating subfertility associated with suspected major uterine cavity abnormalities.
Bosteels J, van Wessel S, Weyers S, Broekmans FJ, D'Hooghe TM, Bongers MY, Mol BWJ
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018 Dec 5;12(12):CD009461. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009461.pub4. PMID: 30521679Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Risk Factors for Recurrent Colorectal Polyps.
Hao Y, Wang Y, Qi M, He X, Zhu Y, Hong J
Gut Liver 2020 Jul 15;14(4):399-411. doi: 10.5009/gnl19097. PMID: 31547641Free PMC Article
Long-term Risk of Colorectal Cancer After Removal of Conventional Adenomas and Serrated Polyps.
He X, Hang D, Wu K, Nayor J, Drew DA, Giovannucci EL, Ogino S, Chan AT, Song M
Gastroenterology 2020 Mar;158(4):852-861.e4. Epub 2019 Jul 11 doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.06.039. PMID: 31302144Free PMC Article
Real-time automatic detection system increases colonoscopic polyp and adenoma detection rates: a prospective randomised controlled study.
Wang P, Berzin TM, Glissen Brown JR, Bharadwaj S, Becq A, Xiao X, Liu P, Li L, Song Y, Zhang D, Li Y, Xu G, Tu M, Liu X
Gut 2019 Oct;68(10):1813-1819. Epub 2019 Feb 27 doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317500. PMID: 30814121Free PMC Article
Evaluation and Management of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding.
Marnach ML, Laughlin-Tommaso SK
Mayo Clin Proc 2019 Feb;94(2):326-335. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.12.012. PMID: 30711128
Colonic polyps.
Ackroyd FW, Hedberg SE
Annu Rev Med 1985;36:619-25. doi: 10.1146/annurev.me.36.020185.003155. PMID: 3994327

Clinical prediction guides

The Frontiers of Serrated Polyps.
Bell PD, Anderson JC, Srivastava A
Am J Surg Pathol 2022 Jan 1;46(1):e64-e70. doi: 10.1097/PAS.0000000000001806. PMID: 34545859
Endoscopic Recognition and Management Strategies for Malignant Colorectal Polyps: Recommendations of the US Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer.
Shaukat A, Kaltenbach T, Dominitz JA, Robertson DJ, Anderson JC, Cruise M, Burke CA, Gupta S, Lieberman D, Syngal S, Rex DK
Gastroenterology 2020 Nov;159(5):1916-1934.e2. Epub 2020 Nov 4 doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.08.050. PMID: 33159840
Benign esophageal lesions: endoscopic and pathologic features.
Tsai SJ, Lin CC, Chang CW, Hung CY, Shieh TY, Wang HY, Shih SC, Chen MJ
World J Gastroenterol 2015 Jan 28;21(4):1091-8. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i4.1091. PMID: 25632181Free PMC Article
Hamartomatous polyposis syndromes.
Gammon A, Jasperson K, Kohlmann W, Burt RW
Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2009;23(2):219-31. doi: 10.1016/j.bpg.2009.02.007. PMID: 19414148Free PMC Article
The Boston bowel preparation scale: a valid and reliable instrument for colonoscopy-oriented research.
Lai EJ, Calderwood AH, Doros G, Fix OK, Jacobson BC
Gastrointest Endosc 2009 Mar;69(3 Pt 2):620-5. Epub 2009 Jan 10 doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2008.05.057. PMID: 19136102Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Real-Time Computer-Aided Detection of Colorectal Neoplasia During Colonoscopy : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Hassan C, Spadaccini M, Mori Y, Foroutan F, Facciorusso A, Gkolfakis P, Tziatzios G, Triantafyllou K, Antonelli G, Khalaf K, Rizkala T, Vandvik PO, Fugazza A, Rondonotti E, Glissen-Brown JR, Kamba S, Maida M, Correale L, Bhandari P, Jover R, Sharma P, Rex DK, Repici A
Ann Intern Med 2023 Sep;176(9):1209-1220. Epub 2023 Aug 29 doi: 10.7326/M22-3678. PMID: 37639719
Which Is the Best Biologic for Nasal Polyps: Dupilumab, Omalizumab, or Mepolizumab? A Network Meta-Analysis.
Wu Q, Zhang Y, Kong W, Wang X, Yuan L, Zheng R, Qiu H, Huang X, Yang Q
Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2022;183(3):279-288. Epub 2021 Oct 4 doi: 10.1159/000519228. PMID: 34607329
Comparative efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibodies and aspirin desensitization for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Oykhman P, Paramo FA, Bousquet J, Kennedy DW, Brignardello-Petersen R, Chu DK
J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022 Apr;149(4):1286-1295. Epub 2021 Sep 17 doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.09.009. PMID: 34543652
Role of Artificial Intelligence Applications in Real-Life Clinical Practice: Systematic Review.
Yin J, Ngiam KY, Teo HH
J Med Internet Res 2021 Apr 22;23(4):e25759. doi: 10.2196/25759. PMID: 33885365Free PMC Article
Performance of artificial intelligence in colonoscopy for adenoma and polyp detection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Hassan C, Spadaccini M, Iannone A, Maselli R, Jovani M, Chandrasekar VT, Antonelli G, Yu H, Areia M, Dinis-Ribeiro M, Bhandari P, Sharma P, Rex DK, Rösch T, Wallace M, Repici A
Gastrointest Endosc 2021 Jan;93(1):77-85.e6. Epub 2020 Jun 26 doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2020.06.059. PMID: 32598963

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