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Gram-negative bacterial infections

MedGen UID:
88406
•Concept ID:
C0085423
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Bacterial Infection, Gram-Negative; Bacterial Infections, Gram-Negative; Gram Negative Bacterial Infections; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infection; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Infection, Gram-Negative Bacterial; Infections, Gram-Negative Bacterial
SNOMED CT: Disease caused by Gram-negative bacteria (371583007)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0021678

Definition

Infections caused by bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method. [from MONDO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVGram-negative bacterial infections

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Efficacy and Safety of Ceftazidime-Avibactam for the Treatment of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales Bloodstream Infection: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Chen Y, Huang HB, Peng JM, Weng L, Du B
Microbiol Spectr 2022 Apr 27;10(2):e0260321. Epub 2022 Apr 4 doi: 10.1128/spectrum.02603-21. PMID: 35377233Free PMC Article
Treatment Options for Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative Bacterial Infections.
Doi Y
Clin Infect Dis 2019 Nov 13;69(Suppl 7):S565-S575. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciz830. PMID: 31724043Free PMC Article
Ceftazidime-Avibactam: A Review in the Treatment of Serious Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections.
Shirley M
Drugs 2018 Apr;78(6):675-692. doi: 10.1007/s40265-018-0902-x. PMID: 29671219

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Gram-Negative Skin and Soft Tissue Infections.
Jabbour JF, Kanj SS
Infect Dis Clin North Am 2021 Mar;35(1):157-167. Epub 2020 Dec 7 doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2020.10.008. PMID: 33303333
Gram-negative bloodstream infections and sepsis: risk factors, screening tools and surveillance.
Mitchell E, Pearce MS, Roberts A
Br Med Bull 2019 Dec 11;132(1):5-15. doi: 10.1093/bmb/ldz033. PMID: 31815280
Epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative infections globally.
Brink AJ
Curr Opin Infect Dis 2019 Dec;32(6):609-616. doi: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000000608. PMID: 31567571
Capnocytophaga canimorsus – an underestimated danger after dog or cat bite – review of literature.
Zajkowska J, Król M, Falkowski D, Syed N, Kamieńska A
Przegl Epidemiol 2016;70(2):289-295. PMID: 27837588
Surgical site infections: epidemiology, microbiology and prevention.
Owens CD, Stoessel K
J Hosp Infect 2008 Nov;70 Suppl 2:3-10. doi: 10.1016/S0195-6701(08)60017-1. PMID: 19022115

Diagnosis

Epidemiology and Diagnostics of Carbapenem Resistance in Gram-negative Bacteria.
Nordmann P, Poirel L
Clin Infect Dis 2019 Nov 13;69(Suppl 7):S521-S528. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciz824. PMID: 31724045Free PMC Article
Brain Abscess.
Weinberg GA
Pediatr Rev 2018 May;39(5):270-272. doi: 10.1542/pir.2017-0147. PMID: 29716975
Management of Pediatric Community-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia.
Messinger AI, Kupfer O, Hurst A, Parker S
Pediatr Rev 2017 Sep;38(9):394-409. doi: 10.1542/pir.2016-0183. PMID: 28864731
Capnocytophaga canimorsus.
Gaastra W, Lipman LJ
Vet Microbiol 2010 Jan 27;140(3-4):339-46. Epub 2009 Feb 5 doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.01.040. PMID: 19268498
Mycoplasma pneumoniae ecephalitis.
Bitnun A, Ford-Jones E, Blaser S, Richardson S
Semin Pediatr Infect Dis 2003 Apr;14(2):96-107. doi: 10.1053/spid.2003.127226. PMID: 12881797

Therapy

Effect of Cefepime/Enmetazobactam vs Piperacillin/Tazobactam on Clinical Cure and Microbiological Eradication in Patients With Complicated Urinary Tract Infection or Acute Pyelonephritis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Kaye KS, Belley A, Barth P, Lahlou O, Knechtle P, Motta P, Velicitat P
JAMA 2022 Oct 4;328(13):1304-1314. doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.17034. PMID: 36194218Free PMC Article
Clinical data from studies involving novel antibiotics to treat multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections.
Kanj SS, Bassetti M, Kiratisin P, Rodrigues C, Villegas MV, Yu Y, van Duin D
Int J Antimicrob Agents 2022 Sep;60(3):106633. Epub 2022 Jul 1 doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2022.106633. PMID: 35787918
Efficacy and safety of cefiderocol or best available therapy for the treatment of serious infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CREDIBLE-CR): a randomised, open-label, multicentre, pathogen-focused, descriptive, phase 3 trial.
Bassetti M, Echols R, Matsunaga Y, Ariyasu M, Doi Y, Ferrer R, Lodise TP, Naas T, Niki Y, Paterson DL, Portsmouth S, Torre-Cisneros J, Toyoizumi K, Wunderink RG, Nagata TD
Lancet Infect Dis 2021 Feb;21(2):226-240. Epub 2020 Oct 12 doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30796-9. PMID: 33058795
Treatment Options for Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative Bacterial Infections.
Doi Y
Clin Infect Dis 2019 Nov 13;69(Suppl 7):S565-S575. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciz830. PMID: 31724043Free PMC Article
Seven Versus 14 Days of Antibiotic Therapy for Uncomplicated Gram-negative Bacteremia: A Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial.
Yahav D, Franceschini E, Koppel F, Turjeman A, Babich T, Bitterman R, Neuberger A, Ghanem-Zoubi N, Santoro A, Eliakim-Raz N, Pertzov B, Steinmetz T, Stern A, Dickstein Y, Maroun E, Zayyad H, Bishara J, Alon D, Edel Y, Goldberg E, Venturelli C, Mussini C, Leibovici L, Paul M; Bacteremia Duration Study Group
Clin Infect Dis 2019 Sep 13;69(7):1091-1098. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciy1054. PMID: 30535100

Prognosis

Incidence of infection with multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria and vancomycin-resistant enterococci in carriers: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis.
Willems RPJ, van Dijk K, Vehreschild MJGT, Biehl LM, Ket JCF, Remmelzwaal S, Vandenbroucke-Grauls CMJE
Lancet Infect Dis 2023 Jun;23(6):719-731. Epub 2023 Jan 30 doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00811-8. PMID: 36731484
Gram-Negative Skin and Soft Tissue Infections.
Jabbour JF, Kanj SS
Infect Dis Clin North Am 2021 Mar;35(1):157-167. Epub 2020 Dec 7 doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2020.10.008. PMID: 33303333
Bacterial Infections in the Stem Cell Transplant Recipient and Hematologic Malignancy Patient.
Misch EA, Andes DR
Infect Dis Clin North Am 2019 Jun;33(2):399-445. doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2019.02.011. PMID: 31005135
Surgical site infections: epidemiology, microbiology and prevention.
Owens CD, Stoessel K
J Hosp Infect 2008 Nov;70 Suppl 2:3-10. doi: 10.1016/S0195-6701(08)60017-1. PMID: 19022115
Gram-negative bacteremia.
Schimpff SC
Support Care Cancer 1993 Jan;1(1):5-18. doi: 10.1007/BF00326634. PMID: 8143100

Clinical prediction guides

Preventing New Gram-negative Resistance Through Beta-lactam De-escalation in Hospitalized Patients With Sepsis: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Teshome BF, Park T, Arackal J, Hampton N, Kollef MH, Micek ST
Clin Infect Dis 2024 Oct 15;79(4):826-833. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciae253. PMID: 38842541
Oral Antibiotics for Treatment of Gram-Negative Bacteremia in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: A Propensity Score Weighted Retrospective Observational Study.
Nussbaum EZ, Koo S, Kotton CN
Clin Infect Dis 2024 Jul 19;79(1):208-214. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciae007. PMID: 38195100
Gram-negative bloodstream infections and sepsis: risk factors, screening tools and surveillance.
Mitchell E, Pearce MS, Roberts A
Br Med Bull 2019 Dec 11;132(1):5-15. doi: 10.1093/bmb/ldz033. PMID: 31815280
Risk stratification for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections in ICU patients.
Burillo A, Muñoz P, Bouza E
Curr Opin Infect Dis 2019 Dec;32(6):626-637. doi: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000000599. PMID: 31567570
Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections: are you ready for the challenge?
Curcio D
Curr Clin Pharmacol 2014 Feb;9(1):27-38. doi: 10.2174/15748847113089990062. PMID: 23489027

Recent systematic reviews

Incidence of infection with multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria and vancomycin-resistant enterococci in carriers: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis.
Willems RPJ, van Dijk K, Vehreschild MJGT, Biehl LM, Ket JCF, Remmelzwaal S, Vandenbroucke-Grauls CMJE
Lancet Infect Dis 2023 Jun;23(6):719-731. Epub 2023 Jan 30 doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00811-8. PMID: 36731484
ESCMID/EUCIC clinical practice guidelines on perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in patients colonized by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria before surgery.
Righi E, Mutters NT, Guirao X, Del Toro MD, Eckmann C, Friedrich AW, Giannella M, Kluytmans J, Presterl E, Christaki E, Cross ELA, Visentin A, Sganga G, Tsioutis C, Tacconelli E
Clin Microbiol Infect 2023 Apr;29(4):463-479. Epub 2022 Dec 22 doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2022.12.012. PMID: 36566836
European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) guidelines for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (endorsed by European society of intensive care medicine).
Paul M, Carrara E, Retamar P, Tängdén T, Bitterman R, Bonomo RA, de Waele J, Daikos GL, Akova M, Harbarth S, Pulcini C, Garnacho-Montero J, Seme K, Tumbarello M, Lindemann PC, Gandra S, Yu Y, Bassetti M, Mouton JW, Tacconelli E, Rodríguez-Baño J
Clin Microbiol Infect 2022 Apr;28(4):521-547. Epub 2021 Dec 16 doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2021.11.025. PMID: 34923128
Systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro efficacy of antibiotic combination therapy against carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli.
Scudeller L, Righi E, Chiamenti M, Bragantini D, Menchinelli G, Cattaneo P, Giske CG, Lodise T, Sanguinetti M, Piddock LJV, Franceschi F, Ellis S, Carrara E, Savoldi A, Tacconelli E
Int J Antimicrob Agents 2021 May;57(5):106344. Epub 2021 Apr 20 doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2021.106344. PMID: 33857539
ESCMID-EUCIC clinical guidelines on decolonization of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria carriers.
Tacconelli E, Mazzaferri F, de Smet AM, Bragantini D, Eggimann P, Huttner BD, Kuijper EJ, Lucet JC, Mutters NT, Sanguinetti M, Schwaber MJ, Souli M, Torre-Cisneros J, Price JR, Rodríguez-Baño J
Clin Microbiol Infect 2019 Jul;25(7):807-817. Epub 2019 Jan 29 doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2019.01.005. PMID: 30708122

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Table of contents

    Clinical resources

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